Objective To evaluate the safety and efficacy of ciprofol in the anesthesia of elderly patients undergoing bronchoscopy.Methods A total of 96 elderly patients(≥65 years old)undergoing fiberoptic bronchos-copy under sedation and anesthesia were randomly assigned to either the ciprofol group(Group C,n=48)or the propofol group(Group P,n=48).In Group C,anesthesia was induced with an intravenous injection of sufentanil at 0.1 μg/kg and ciprofol at 0.3 mg/kg.In Group P,anesthesia was induced with an intravenous injection of sufent-anil at 0.1 μg/kg and propofol medium/long-chain fat emulsion at 1.5 mg/kg.Hemodynamic parameters,including heart rate(HR),mean arterial pressure(MAP),and peripheral oxygen saturation(SpO2),were recorded at five time points:before anesthesia induction(T1),immediately after the bronchoscope passed through the glottis(T2),immediately after it reached the carina(T3),immediately after the bronchoscope was withdrawn from the nostril post-procedure(T4),and upon full consciousness after leaving the recovery room(T5).Additionally,the success rate of sedation and anesthesia,cough severity scores,induction time(t1),bronchoscopy duration(t2),recovery time(t3),and orientation recovery time(t4)were documented for both groups.Intraoperative complications,such as hypotension,hypoxemia(SpO2<90%),injection pain during induction,airway interventions(e.g.,jaw support,mask ventilation),and the number of additional sedative doses administered,were also recorded.Results Compared with T1,MAP in both groups decreased at T2 and T3(P<0.05).Compared with group P,group C exhibited a higher MAP at T2 and T3(P<0.05).between the two groups in terms of sedation success rate,induction time,cough score,examination time,recovery time,and orientation recovery time(P>0.05).Compared with group P,group C demonstrated lower incidences of hypotension,hypoxemia,injection pain,and fewer airway intervention events(P<0.05).Conclusions Compared with propofol,ciprofol in combination with sufentanil demonstrates superior circulatory stability,a lower incidence of respiratory system-related adverse reactions,and reduced injection pain.Therefore,it can be safely and effectively utilized for painless bronchoscopic diagnosis and treatment in elderly patients.

Objective To evaluate the safety and efficacy of ciprofol in the anesthesia of elderly patients undergoing bronchoscopy.Methods A total of 96 elderly patients(≥65 years old)undergoing fiberoptic bronchos-copy under sedation and anesthesia were randomly assigned to either the ciprofol group(Group C,n=48)or the propofol group(Group P,n=48).In Group C,anesthesia was induced with an intravenous injection of sufentanil at 0.1 μg/kg and ciprofol at 0.3 mg/kg.In Group P,anesthesia was induced with an intravenous injection of sufent-anil at 0.1 μg/kg and propofol medium/long-chain fat emulsion at 1.5 mg/kg.Hemodynamic parameters,including heart rate(HR),mean arterial pressure(MAP),and peripheral oxygen saturation(SpO2),were recorded at five time points:before anesthesia induction(T1),immediately after the bronchoscope passed through the glottis(T2),immediately after it reached the carina(T3),immediately after the bronchoscope was withdrawn from the nostril post-procedure(T4),and upon full consciousness after leaving the recovery room(T5).Additionally,the success rate of sedation and anesthesia,cough severity scores,induction time(t1),bronchoscopy duration(t2),recovery time(t3),and orientation recovery time(t4)were documented for both groups.Intraoperative complications,such as hypotension,hypoxemia(SpO2<90%),injection pain during induction,airway interventions(e.g.,jaw support,mask ventilation),and the number of additional sedative doses administered,were also recorded.Results Compared with T1,MAP in both groups decreased at T2 and T3(P<0.05).Compared with group P,group C exhibited a higher MAP at T2 and T3(P<0.05).between the two groups in terms of sedation success rate,induction time,cough score,examination time,recovery time,and orientation recovery time(P>0.05).Compared with group P,group C demonstrated lower incidences of hypotension,hypoxemia,injection pain,and fewer airway intervention events(P<0.05).Conclusions Compared with propofol,ciprofol in combination with sufentanil demonstrates superior circulatory stability,a lower incidence of respiratory system-related adverse reactions,and reduced injection pain.Therefore,it can be safely and effectively utilized for painless bronchoscopic diagnosis and treatment in elderly patients.

Esophageal carcinoma is one of the most common malignant cancer of the digestive system and an important cause of cancer death worldwide.Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma is the most common pathological type of esophageal cancer in China,but its pathogenesis has not been completely clarified.With the in-depth study of long non-coding RNA(lncRNA),it has been found that lncRNA can be used as an im-portant biomarker to directly or indirectly regulate the expression of downstream genes in multiple physiologi-cal processes such as transcription and post-transcriptional regulation,thereby regulating the malignant pro-gression of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.This article reviews the research progress of lncRNA in the early diagnosis,prognosis regulation,radiochemotherapy sensitivity,invasion and migration of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

Objective:To explore the influencing factors of immune checkpoint inhibitor-related pneumonitis (CIP) in lung cancer patients caused by programmed cell death 1 receptor (PD-1)/programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitors.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on clinical data of lung cancer patients treated with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University from January 2018 to June 2022. Patients with CIP were included in the CIP group, and those who did not experience any immune-related adverse events during the same period were screened in a 1∶1 ratio and included in the control group. The clinical characteristics in patients of the 2 groups were compared and influencing factors of CIP were analyzed using binary logistic regression method. The effect sizes were the odds ratio ( OR) and its 95% confidence interval ( CI). Results:A total of 246 patients (123 in the CIP group and 123 in the control group) were entered in the analysis, including 208 males and 38 females, aged (63±9) years with a range of 32 to 86 years. The diagnosis was non-small-cell lung cancer in 234 patients and small cell lung cancer in 12 patients. There were no statistically significant differences in age, gender, history of respiratory diseases, tumor histological types, TNM stages, and types of immune checkpoint inhibitors used in patients between the 2 groups (all P>0.05). Compared with the control group, patients in the CIP group had a lower body mass index [(21.5±3.2) kg/m 2vs. (22.6±3.0) kg/m 2, P=0.004], higher proportion of patients with Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Scale (ECOG-PS) ≥2 points[39.0% (48/123) vs. 22.0% (27/123), P=0.004], higher proportion of patients with a history of radiation therapy [25.2% (31/123) vs. 13.8% (17/123), P=0.024], and lower proportion of patients with combination therapy with chemotherapy/targeted drugs[82.9%(102/123) vs. 97.6%(120/123), P<0.001]. Before immunotherapy, the peripheral blood interleukin-1β and interferon-α were lower [1.97 (1.04, 2.74) ng/L vs. 2.40 (1.75, 4.03) ng/L, P=0.021; 2.08 (0.89, 3.00) ng/L vs. 2.76 (1.97, 3.94) ng/L, P=0.012], lymphocyte count was lower [1.4(1.0, 1.8)×10 9/L vs. 1.5(1.2, 2.1)×10 9/L, P=0.030], and the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio was higher [3.85 (2.50, 6.40) vs. 3.11 (2.25, 4.61), P=0.006] in patients of the CIP group than those in the control group. The binary logistic regression analysis showed that baseline ECOG-PS ≥2 points ( OR=3.400, 95% CI: 1.180-9.798, P=0.023) and combination of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors and chemotherapy/targeted therapy ( OR=0.047, 95% CI: 0.005-0.454, P=0.008) were independent influencing factors for the occurrence of CIP. Conclusion:The ECOG-PS ≥ 2 points before immunotherapy is an influencing factor for CIP, and the combination with chemotherapy/targeted therapy may reduce the risk of developing CIP in patients treated with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors.

Objective:To explore the influencing factors of immune checkpoint inhibitor-related pneumonitis (CIP) in lung cancer patients caused by programmed cell death 1 receptor (PD-1)/programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitors.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on clinical data of lung cancer patients treated with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University from January 2018 to June 2022. Patients with CIP were included in the CIP group, and those who did not experience any immune-related adverse events during the same period were screened in a 1∶1 ratio and included in the control group. The clinical characteristics in patients of the 2 groups were compared and influencing factors of CIP were analyzed using binary logistic regression method. The effect sizes were the odds ratio ( OR) and its 95% confidence interval ( CI). Results:A total of 246 patients (123 in the CIP group and 123 in the control group) were entered in the analysis, including 208 males and 38 females, aged (63±9) years with a range of 32 to 86 years. The diagnosis was non-small-cell lung cancer in 234 patients and small cell lung cancer in 12 patients. There were no statistically significant differences in age, gender, history of respiratory diseases, tumor histological types, TNM stages, and types of immune checkpoint inhibitors used in patients between the 2 groups (all P>0.05). Compared with the control group, patients in the CIP group had a lower body mass index [(21.5±3.2) kg/m 2vs. (22.6±3.0) kg/m 2, P=0.004], higher proportion of patients with Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Scale (ECOG-PS) ≥2 points[39.0% (48/123) vs. 22.0% (27/123), P=0.004], higher proportion of patients with a history of radiation therapy [25.2% (31/123) vs. 13.8% (17/123), P=0.024], and lower proportion of patients with combination therapy with chemotherapy/targeted drugs[82.9%(102/123) vs. 97.6%(120/123), P<0.001]. Before immunotherapy, the peripheral blood interleukin-1β and interferon-α were lower [1.97 (1.04, 2.74) ng/L vs. 2.40 (1.75, 4.03) ng/L, P=0.021; 2.08 (0.89, 3.00) ng/L vs. 2.76 (1.97, 3.94) ng/L, P=0.012], lymphocyte count was lower [1.4(1.0, 1.8)×10 9/L vs. 1.5(1.2, 2.1)×10 9/L, P=0.030], and the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio was higher [3.85 (2.50, 6.40) vs. 3.11 (2.25, 4.61), P=0.006] in patients of the CIP group than those in the control group. The binary logistic regression analysis showed that baseline ECOG-PS ≥2 points ( OR=3.400, 95% CI: 1.180-9.798, P=0.023) and combination of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors and chemotherapy/targeted therapy ( OR=0.047, 95% CI: 0.005-0.454, P=0.008) were independent influencing factors for the occurrence of CIP. Conclusion:The ECOG-PS ≥ 2 points before immunotherapy is an influencing factor for CIP, and the combination with chemotherapy/targeted therapy may reduce the risk of developing CIP in patients treated with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors.

Objective Toexploretheclinicalvalueofiterativedecompositionofwaterandfatwithechoasymmetryandleast-squaresestimationquantitationsequence(IDEAL-IQ)foraccurateandquantitativeevaluationofvertebraebodyfatfraction(FF)of lumbar.Methods Accordingtotheresultsofbonemineraldensity(BMD),60healthycheckers/patientsmatchingthestudycriteria weredividedintothenormalBMDgroup(groupA,n=17),thelowBMDgroup(groupB,n=18)andtheosteoporosis(OP)group (OP,groupC,n=25).Theageofthreegroupswasanalyzed.T1WI,T2WI,andIDEAL-IQsequenceswerescannedwithsagittallumbar.Rectangular ROIwereoutlinedonFatFracmaps,FFsweremeasuredthreetimesonvertebraebodyoflumbar1(L1),L2,L3,L4,L5,andtheFF ofeachlumbarwasrespectivelyaveragedtoanalyzethedifferencewithinandbetweengroups.Results Theageamongthethree groups(F=13.414,P=0.000)werestatisticallysignificantdifference.Inbothcomparisons,theagewassignificantdifferencebetweengroupA andB,aswellasbetweengroupAandC,butnotbetweengroupBandC.TheFFofL1-L5withineachgroupwerenotstatistically significantdifference(F=0.680,0.863,0.539,P=0.608,0.490,0.707),whilealldifferencesbetweeneachgroupwithFFofL1-L5 werestatisticalsignificance(F=12.758,9.646,5.195,8.048,8.849,P=0.000,0.000,0.008,0.001,0.000).Comparisonbetweenthe groups,theFFofL3andL5inthegroupAandBwerenotstatisticallydifferent,aswellastheL2,L3,L4inthegroupBandC, whiletheothersbetweentwogroupswerestatisticallysignificantdifference.Conclusion Astheageincreases,BMDgraduallydecreases,whilethe FFofL1-L5graduallyincreases.ItisofaccuratelyevaluatelumbarvertebraeFFbyIDEAL-IQ,whichmayhelppredictOP.

Objective To study the influence of combined spinal-epidural anesthesia on perioperative coagulation function,RAAS activity and postoperative analgesia effect in parturients with cesarean section.Methods One hundred and eighteen parturients of cesarean section in our hospital from June 2013 to January 2016 were collected and divided into the observation group and control group according to the random number table method,59 cases in each group.The observation group received the combined spinal-epidural anesthesia and the control group received epidural anesthesia.The coagulation function indicators on preoperative 1 d (T0),at 10 min before operation end(T1) and postoperative 6 h (T2) were detected by adopting the automatic blood coagulation analyzer,the renin angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS) function indices were detectd by radioimmunoassay.The pain indicators at postoperative 6 h(T2),12 h (T3) were detected by the pain threshold test instrument.Results The levels of prothrombin time(PT),activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and thrombin time (TT) at T1 and T2 in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group,while the PTA level was lower than that in the control group(P<0.05);serum RAAS indices such as (renin),angiotensin Ⅱ(ANG II) aldosterone(ALD) in the observation group were lower than those in the control group(P<0.05).The VAS score at T2,T3 in the observation group was lower than that in the control group,while the pain threshold and pain tolerance threshold levels in the observation group were higher than those in the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion Combined spinal-epidural anesthesia can reduce the blood coagulation and RAAS activation caused by cesarean section trauma,and the effect of postoperative analgesia is more significant.

Objective To compare the EC50 of Propofol for inhibiting intubation response. Methods 80 cases un-derwent tracheal intubation general anesthesia, all patients were randomly divided into two groups. The general situ-ation between the two groups showed no significant difference. Except for Propofol, other anesthesia drugs infusion method and dosage were the same. Sequential determination the EC50 of Propofol which for inhibiting intubation re-sponse of each groups by up-and-down. Propofol target concentration of the first patient was set to 4 μg/ml, and ad-justed according to intubation stress response disappeared or not, concentration of two adjacent patients with ratio of 1.2. Results A group inhibited the cardiovascular responses of Propofol EC50 and 95%CI was 5.19 μg/ml (95%CI:4.88 ~ 5.50 μg/ml). B group inhibited the cardiovascular responses of Propofol EC50 and 95 %CI was 4.15μg/ml (95%CI:3.80~4.40μg/ml). The EC50 and 95% confidence interval of the B group were significantly lower than those of the A group ( P< 0.05). The MAP and HR at T2 were higher than that of T1 in each group ( P< 0.05), and the MAP and HR of observe group were lower than that of control group ( P< 0.05). The MAP and HR at T3 were lower than that of T1 in control group ( P< 0.05), but there were no significant deference in observe group ( P> 0.05).Conclusion The EC50 and 95% confidence interval of Propofol for inhibiting intubation response under photopic laryngoscopes was significant lower than those of under direct laryngoscopes, the circulation during period of induc-tion and intubation was more stable.

Objective To determine the EC50 of dexmedetomidine hydrochloride ( DEX) which causes disappearance of explicit memory by process dissociation procedure (PDP). Methods Forty patients those who had senior middle school or higher educational background undergoing lower extremity surgery with grade ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ, without hearing impairment, dysphasia,nervous system disorders,and having no drugs in the treatment of the central nervous system were included.PDP was applied to establish study table and record, and calculate performance of explicit memory and implicit memory. Memory performance was statistically compared with 0, 0 memory was considered to be statistically significant and disappearance, respectively.Sequential method was used for determination.According to explicit memory disappearance or not,target concentration of the next patient was adjusted (increase or decrease).DEX target concentration of the first patient was set to 4 ng?mL-1,and the ratio of target concentration between the adjacent patients was 1.2.If the explicit memory of the former patient disappeared,the target concentration of the next patient was decreased by 1 concentration gradient;if the explicit memory of the former patient did not disappear,the target concentration of the next patient was increased by 1 concentration gradient, and so forth. All the 40 patients were determined.The median effective dose (D1) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of DEX were calculated. Results The ED50 of DEX causing explicit memory disappearance was 5.23 ng?mL-1,and the 95% CI was 4.07-6.39 ng?mL-1. Conclusion In clinical,target concentration of dexmedetomidine hydrochloride 5.23 ng?mL-1 levels for sedation,can cause half of patients’ explicit memory disappear,so as to avoid intraoperative awareness.

Objective To investigate feedback regulation of close-loop muscle relaxant injection system on accuracy of cisatracurium besilate usage. Methods Two hundred patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy surgery, aged 20 to 40 years old, at ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ, were randomly divided into two groups:control group and treatment group (n=100 each group).In the control group, the patients received injection of cisatracurium besilate with closed-loop muscle relaxant injection system at 1.5-2.0 μg·kg-1 ·min-1 , until 30 min before the end of surgery;if the muscle relaxant level could not meet the requirement of the operation, extra 0.05 mg·kg-1 was added.The treatment group was adopted closed-loop muscle relaxant monitoring under negative feedback regulation of infusion cisatracurium, and the close-loop control parameters were set to: drug was added when TOF was 8%, and injection speed was 2. 5 μg · kg-1 · min-1 , maintaining speed was 0. 33 μg · kg-1 · min-1 , the stimulus current for monitoring muscle relaxant was 60 mA , and the pulse width was 200μs.The Cooper score, cisatracurium dosage, and muscle recovery index, TOFr75 and TOFr90 of the two groups were compared. Prediction probability ( Pk ) of NI on awakening period of eye opening and directional force recovery of the two groups were detected, and regression equation was established to predict ED50 and ED95 related NI . Results Cooper score was significantly higher in the treatment group than in the control group ( P<0. 01 ) . Muscle recovery index, TOFr75 , TOFr90 , and cisatracurium dosage per unit time and body mass were significantly lower in the treatment group than in the control group(P<0.01). Pk of NI on awakening period of eye opening and directional force recovery of the two groups were higher than 0.5; and Pk of the treatment group were significantly higher than those of the control group ( P<0.01) . Regression equation predicted that ED95 was significantly lower in the treatment group than in the control group ( P<0.01) , while the ED50 between the two groups has no significant difference ( P>0.05) . Conclusion The accuracy of closed loop muscle relaxant injection system is higher than that of the traditional method, it provides better muscle relaxation effect for tracheal intubation, reduces recovery time, increases the Pk of NI on patient awakening.