Background Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is an important pathogen for both human bloodstream infections and mastitis in cows. However, little attention has been paid to the cross-host transmission of MRSA from cows to high-risk groups in China. Objective To determine the MRSA colonization rates among dairy cows and dairy farm workers in Xinjiang, identify the antibiotic resistance profiles and molecular characteristics of the isolates, and provide scientific evidence for the formulation of targeted infection control strategies. Method A cross-sectional survey combined with laboratory pathogen analysis was conducted. From June to August 2024, large-scale dairy farms in Xinjiang region were selected as study sites. Nasal swabs (n=96) and skin swabs (n=39) were collected from workers, and bovine nasal swab samples (n=109) were collected simultaneously. All samples were subjected to MRSA isolation, cultivation, and identification, followed by antibiotic susceptibility testing to characterize resistance phenotypes. Staphylococcus aureus protein A (Spa) typing was performed to determine strain genotypes and elucidate MRSA colonization rates and molecular epidemiological patterns. Results A total of 35 MRSA strains was successfully isolated from 244 samples. The MRSA colonization rates among dairy farm workers and dairy cows were 20.83% (20/96) and 12.84% (14/109), respectively, with an overall isolation rate of 14.34% (35/244). Among the workers, the nasal colonization rate was 16.67% (16/96), and the skin colonization rate was 12.82% (5/39). One worker exhibited MRSA colonization at multiple body sites. All MRSA strains were resistant to cefoxitin (100%, 35/35). The resistance rates to erythromycin and clindamycin were 42.86% (15/35) and 34.29% (12/35), respectively. Thirteen strains showed a multidrug-resistant phenotype, whereas all strains were susceptible to vancomycin. The MRSA isolates exhibited high genetic diversity, with 13 Spa types identified, among which t441 was the most prevalent (8 strains). Both t441 and t034 types were detected in samples from both the dairy cows and their handlers. These two Spa types also carried and stably inherited specific resistance combinations, including erythromycin–clindamycin–cefoxitin and ciprofloxacin–erythromycin–clindamycin–gentamicin–cefoxitin–tetracycline, and a statistically significant association was also observed between the two resistance profiles and the bacterial types (P < 0.001). In addition, one novel Spa type strain was identified. Conclusion MRSA colonization rates among dairy cows and dairy farm workers in Xinjiang are relatively high, with evidence of multi-site colonization. The isolates exhibit high levels of multidrug resistance and genetic diversity, indicating a potential risk of cross-host transmission.

Background Animal farming may affect the structure and diversity of gut microbiota of farm workers, but it needs more studies to provide solid evidence. Objective To analyze the diversity characteristics of gut microbiota in dairy farm workers, dairy cows, and the control population (non-animal contact occupational group), and to assess the impact of dairy farming on the gut microbiota of workers. Methods The 16S rRNA full-length amplicon sequencing technology was used to sequence 60 fecal samples from dairy farm workers, 89 from dairy cows, and 50 from the general population. The gut microbiota structure characteristics, including operational taxonomic units (OTUs), alpha diversity, beta diversity, and the composition of species at the phylum, family, and genus levels were analyzed. The differences in gut microbiota among the three groups of samples were compared to explore the impact of occupational exposure on the gut microbiota structure of dairy farm workers. Results A total of 50478 OTUs were identified in the gut microbiota of farm workers, dairy cows, and the general population, with 23613, 42723, and 16592 OTUs, respectively. The number of shared OTUs between the dairy cows and the general population was 12674 (27.17%), between the general population and the farm workers was 10099 (33.54%), and between the dairy cows and the farm workers was 17690 (36.36%). Compared with the general population, the farm workers and dairy cows showed more shared gut microbiota (P<0.01). The abundance of Firmicutes in the gut of the farm workers was higher than that of the general population (P<0.01), while Actinobacteriota and Proteobacteria were the opposite (P<0.01). The alpha diversity of gut microbiota in the farm workers was different from that of the general population. The ACE index of the farm workers was slightly lower than that of the general population and much lower than that of dairy cows (P<0.05), while their Shannon index was higher than that of the general population but lower than that of dairy cows (P<0.01). The linear discriminant analysis effect size (LefSe) showed that the abundances of Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae in the gut microbiota of the farm workers were significantly higher than those of the general population, while Streptococcaceae, Lactobacillaceae, Bifidobacteriaceae, Enterobacteriaceae, and Erysipelatoclostridiaceae were lower than those of the general population. Conclusion The dairy farm workers shares a certain proportion of common bacterial communities with dairy cows. Dairy farming operations can affect the structure and diversity of the gut microbiota of workers by increasing the abundances of Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae, while decreasing the abundances of Streptococcaceae, Lactobacillaceae, Bifidobacteriaceae, Enterobacteriaceae, and Erysipelatoclostridiaceae. The study results provide reference data for further exploring the cross-host transmission of pathogens related to occupational exposure in dairy farming.

Background Personal protection is crucial for reducing the risk of zoonotic pathogen infection among livestock workers. Investigating the current status of its implementation and associated influencing factors can provide empirical evidence for developing more effective intervention measures. Objective To investigate the current status of personal protection implementation among livestock workers in Xinjiang, China and its influencing factors, providing a reference for formulating targeted intervention measures. Methods This study was conducted in Bayingolin Mongol Autonomous Prefecture, Kashgar region, and the First and Eighth Divisions of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps. We selected large-scale cattle and sheep farms, cooperatives, individual livestock households, livestock trading markets, slaughterhouses, and retail markets. Using cluster sampling, we recruited all livestock workers (1074 participants) at sampled sites. During the period from April to July 2024, we conducted face-to-face surveys with a self-designed questionnaire among livestock workers, collecting general demographic information, occupational exposure history, and information related to the use of personal protective equipment, resulting in 939 valid questionnaires. EpiData 3.1 was used for data entry and SPSS 26.0 for statistical analysis. We employed logistic regression to compare the implementation of personal protection among workers by selected categories. Results Among the study subjects, there were 300 workers from large-scale farms (31.95%) and 583 self-employed livestock farmers (62.09%). The sample included 600 males (63.90%) and 339 females (36.10%). The majority of the study subjects was farmers, breeders, or aged 18-60 years (87.75%), auxiliary workers (87.97%) and had an education level of junior high school or below (81.36%). The proportion of workers who consistently and correctly implemented all five personal protective measures (washing hands after work, wearing gloves, wearing masks, wearing dedicated work clothes, and using rubber boots) was 35.14% (330/939). The implementation rates for these five protective measures were 93.61% (879/939), 58.68% (551/939), 57.93% (544/939), 46.01% (432/939), and 42.81% (402/939), respectively. There were statistically significant differences in the implementation rates of differen personal protective measures among the workers by occupation and education level (P<0.05). Among them, workers with lower education levels had lower implementation rates for various protective measures. The results of logistic regression indicated that, compared to male workers, female workers (OR=2.26, 95%CI: 1.68, 3.04) showed a higher rate of non-standard implementation of personal protection. Using the age group of 18 to less than 36 years as a reference, those aged 36 to less than 60 years (OR=1.82, 95%CI: 1.33, 2.50) and 60 years or older (OR=4.45, 95%CI: 2.56, 7.73) reported higher rates of non-standard implementation of personal protection. Compared to those with an education level of primary school or below, those with a junior high school education (OR=0.64, 95%CI: 0.47, 0.88) and a high school education or above (OR=0.13, 95%CI: 0.19, 0.29) showed lower rates of non-standard implementation of personal protection. Compared to farmers, veterinarians (OR=0.03, 95%CI: 0.02, 0.07) reported the lowest rate of non-standard implementation of personal protection, followed by auxiliary workers (OR=0.08, 95%CI: 0.05, 0.12), breeders (OR=0.10, 95%CI: 0.07, 0.15), and other occupational groups (OR=0.28, 95%CI: 0.15, 0.52). Using large-scale farms as a reference, self-employed farmers (OR=13.5, 95%CI: 9.65, 18.88) reported a higher rate of non-standard implementation of personal protection, followed by workers from other workplaces (OR=3.63, 95%CI: 2.01, 6.54). Conclusion The implementation of personal protective measures among livestock workers in Xinjiang is generally satisfactory. However, significant disparities in the execution of these measures exist among different types of workers, indicating the need to enhance occupational health promotion to reduce the risk of zoonotic pathogen infection among the workers.

BACKGROUND:With the proven ability of traditional Chinese medicine such as icariin and berberine to promote bone regeneration by regulating various mechanisms and targets,researchers have combined active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine with bone tissue engineering and found that they have unique advantages in treating bone defects. OBJECTIVE:Starting from the active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicines that promote bone formation,to screen cases of their effective combination with different drug-carrying scaffold materials,and summarize the active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicines that have the potential to be applied to bone tissue engineering. METHODS:CNKI,WanFang,PubMed,and Web of Science were searched for relevant literature published from 2000 to 2023,using the keywords of"bone tissue engineering,bone tissue-engineered scaffold materials,bone defect,bone repair,bone regeneration,traditional Chinese medicine"in Chinese and English.According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria,87 papers were finally included for review. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:There are various kinds of active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine to promote bone regeneration,mainly including flavonoids,non-flavonoid polyphenols,alkaloids,glycosides.These active ingredients have anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects,promote osteoblasts,inhibit osteoclasts and promote early angiogenesis.The combination of active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine with bone tissue engineering is effective in anti-inflammation,accelerating collagen and bone formation,and promoting the expression of osteogenic genes,which provides a theoretical basis for the application of traditional Chinese medicine in bone tissue regeneration,and at the same time provides a new idea for the repair of bone defects.

Objective:To explore the knowledge and attitude of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in community residents in Shanghai and analyze the influencing factors.Methods:The residents in 16 communities in Shanghai were selected by convenient sampling and investigated from November 2018 to June 2019, and a total of 714 valid questionnaires were recovered. The residents' CPR knowledge and attitude were analyzed descriptively, and multiple linear regression was used to analyze the influencing factors.Results:The total score of CPR knowledge among the 714 community residents in Shanghai was (24.58±7.80) , with a passing rate of 36.13% (258/714) , and the passing rate of "artificial respiration knowledge" was the lowest, which was 38.66% (276/714) . The total score of the residents' CPR attitude was (40.95±5.18) , and the average scores of "attitude to learning CPR" and "attitude to implementing CPR" were (3.60±0.45) and (3.22±0.50) , respectively. Analysis of the influencing factors showed that gender, age, education level, conscious health status, whether they have heard of CPR, whether they have received CPR training, and whether they have encountered emergency rescue communities were the influencing factors to the community residents' CPR knowledge and attitude ( P < 0.05) . Conclusions:The overall CPR knowledge level of the community residents in Shanghai is relatively low, and the residents prefer to learn CPR and implement CPR for their relatives and friends, rather than strangers. Younger, better conscious health status, and having heard of CPR can help the residents improve their CPR knowledge and attitude, while women, higher education level, and residents who have encountered emergency rescue communities have better CPR knowledge. The CPR training has a positive effect on the residents' attitude to learning and implementing CPR. Future CPR training needs to increase the training intensity and duration, and help the residents to improve the level of CPR knowledge and attitude.

Objective To study the effect of simulated microgravity on activity of the store-operated calcium (SOC) channels in osteocytes and its possible mechanism, so as to elucidate the potential mechanism of weightlessness bone loss. Methods Osteocytes (MLO-Y4) as the experimental subjects were divided into simulated microgravity (SM) group and normal gravity group (CON). After rotating for 24 h and 48 h, confocal microscope was used to detect the intracellular calcium ion concentration level to reflect activity of the SOC channels after thapsigargin (TG)-induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) depletion. Immunofluorescence staining was used to observe the distribution of ER membrane protein IP3R and spectrin membrane skeleton, in order to preliminarily explore the possible mechanism of functional changes of SOC channels. Results During the period of calcium release from ER, ［Ca2+］i had no significant difference between SM group and CON group for 24 h and 48 h; while during the period of extracellular calcium influx by SOC channels, ［Ca2+］i of SM group had significant differences in the first 4 minutes for 24 h, as well as in the whole time for 48 h. Compared with CON group, the spectrin membrane skeleton of SM group was gathered at the rim of membrane, while ER membrane protein IP3R of SM group was gathered at the nuclear envelope of ER. These two tendencies were more obvious for 48 h. Conclusions The stimulated microgravity could inhibit activity of SOC channels in osteocytes. Changes in the distribution of the spectrin membrane skeleton and ER membrane protein IP3R under the simulated microgravity might reduce the activity of SOC channels by affecting the conformation coupling process between the membrane and ER.

Objective To comparatively analyze the difference and characteristics of high mobility group box-1 protein(HMGB1) level with the levels in the patients with different severities of acute biliary tract infection (ABTI) to provide reference for its clinical diagnosis and treatment .Methods One hundred cases of ABTI in our hospital were divided into the mild group (48 cases) ,moder-ate group (29 cases) and severe group (23 cases) according to the severity of the disease .The HMGB1 detection results were com-pared among 3 groups and the differences in different disease types ,sex and age were analyzed .Results (1)The HMGB1 level had statistically significant difference among 3 groups (P<0 .05) ,moreover the mild group< moderate group< severe group ;(2)in the detection results ,the HMGB1 level in the mild group and moderate group had no statistical difference between males and fe-males(P>0 .05) ,but in the severe group ,the HMGB1 level in males was significantly higher than that in females (P<0 .05);(3) the HMGB1 level in the mild group had no statistical difference among difference age groups (P> 0 .05) ,while in the moderate group and severe group ,the HMGB1 level in the patients aged > 60 years old was significantly higher than that in the patients aged ≤60 years old(P<0 .05);(4) in the above 3 groups ,the HMGB1 level in the patients with acute cholecystitis was signifi-cantly higher than that in the patients with acute cholangitis (P<0 .05) .Conclusion The study results analysis indicates that the severe the ABTI disease condition ,the serum HMGB1 level is also accordingly and relatively increased ,in the patients with different severity degrees of ABTI ,the serum HMGB1 level has significant differences in age ,sex and disease type ,which prompts that the HMGB1 level can be used as the laboratory index for predicting and reflecting the ABTI severity and can be paid attention to .

Purpose To establish a new method for detecting p16INK4a in cervical tissues with time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay (TRFIA).Methods 126 cases of paraffin imbedding tissues of cervix were selected for immunohistochemistry (IHC) of EnVision two-step and TRFIA.Results There were 20 cases of no intraepithelial lesion or malignancy,24 cases of low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL),53 cases of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) and 29 cases of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).In the groups of no intraepithelial lesion or malignancy,LSIL,HSIL and SCC,p161NK4a positive was seen in 1,19,53 and 28,respectively.TRFIA test results displayed p16INK4a positive in 3,17,50 and 27 cases,respectively.Positive of p16 using by TRFIA in no intraepithelial lesion or malignancy,LSIL,above HSIL was 15.00％,70.83％ and 93.90％,respectively (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion TRFIA is suitable for detecting of p16INK4a protein and demand low detection equipment,p16INK4a expression detected by TRFIA may helpful for large scale detection in various clinical institution.

To review the recent progress about the anatomical and radiographical studies of bifid mandibular canal (BMC) in English literature recorded in PubMed from 2006 to 2015 to deepen our understanding of BMC. A BMC is an anatomical variation of the mandibular canal; its occurrence might be a result of the incomplete fusion of mandibular canal during prenatal development. The four types of BMC have been classified according to anatomical location and configuration. Characteristic radiographic features and identifying methods of BMC on panoramic radiography and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) were described; the visibility of BMC on panoramic radiographs and CBCT images was compared. Clinical value of identifying the location as well as the configuration of BMC for surgical procedures that involve the mandible was discussed.
Cone-Beam Computed Tomography ; Humans ; Mandible ; abnormalities ; anatomy & histology ; diagnostic imaging ; surgery ; Radiography, Panoramic

Objective:To assess the efficacy of trastuzumab combined with neoadjuvant chemotherapy in the treatment of human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (Her-2)positive breast cancer patients,and to explore its influencing factors of prognosis of breast cancer.Methods:The clinical materials of 112 Her-2 positive breast cancer patients were collected and they were divided into combined treatment group (trastuzumab + neoadj uvant chemotherapy)and single chemotherapy group (without trastuzumab ). SPSS 1 9.0 software was employed to calculate and analyze their clinical characteristics.The survival rate and prognosis were analyzed by Kaplan-Meier method,Log-rank test, and Cox regression. Results:Among the 112 Her-2 positive breast cancer patients, 23 cases were treated with trastuzumab,89 cases were treated without trastuzumab.The disease-free survival (DFS)in combined treatment group and single chemotherapy group had significant difference (P=0.012).And there was no significant difference of overall survival (OS)between two groups (P=0.064).The HR negative group had 18 (32.7%)patients with 5-level of Miller and Payne (MP)classification which was higher than HR positive group (5/46,10.9%)(P=0.009).In univariate analysis,the tumor size,node status at diagnosis and node status after operation were the influencing factors of DFS in the Her-2 positive breast cancer patients;the tumor size,node status at diagnosis,MP classification and node status after operation were the influencing factors of OS in the Her-2 positive breast cancer patients.The result of multivariate analysis indicated that the tumor size, node status at diagnosis,and with or without radiotherapy were the independent influencing factors of DFS and OS in the Her-2 positive breast cancer patients. Conclusion:The breast lesions in the Her-2 positive breast cancer patients with negative HR are relieved after treated with trastuzumab combined with neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The combination of trastuzumab and neoadj uvant chemotherapy can significantly improve the DFS and has a positive influence in the prognosis of Her-2 positive breast cancer patients.