ObjectiveTo investigate the association between cumulative atherogenic index of plasma （cumAIP） and the risk of new-onset nonalcoholic fatty liver disease （NAFLD） in young and middle-aged individuals. MethodsA prospective cohort study was conducted among the young and middle-aged individuals （aged 18 to <60 years） in the Kailuan study cohort who underwent physical examination in Kailuan General Hospital and its 10 affiliated hospitals in June 2006 to October 2010， and after screening based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria， 33 987 individuals were included in the observation cohort. The individuals were divided into Q1， Q2， Q3， and Q4 groups based on the quantiles of cumAIP. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate the cumulative incidence rate of new-onset NAFLD in the four groups， while the log-rank test was used for comparison between groups. A multivariate Cox regression analysis was used to obtain the hazard ratio （HR） and 95% confidence interval （CI） of the risk of new-onset NAFLD in the four groups. A one-way analysis of variance was used for comparison of normally distributed continuous data between multiple groups， and the Kruskal-Wallis H test was used for comparison of non-normally distributed continuous data between multiple groups； the chi-square test was used for comparison of categorical variables between groups. ResultsThe mean follow-up was 10.89±2.54 years， and there were 6 011 cases of new-onset NAFLD， including 995 cases in the Q1 group， 1 366 in the Q2 group， 1661 in the Q3 group， and 1 989 in the Q4 group， with an incidence density of 11.37， 16.02， 19.97， and 24.91 per thousand person-years. The log-rank test showed that there was a significant difference in cumulative incidence rate between the four groups （P<0.001）. With the presence or absence of NAFLD as the dependent variable and the quantiles of different exposure levels to cumAIP as the independent variable， the multivariate Cox regression model analysis showed that compared with the Q1 group， the Q2， Q3， and Q4 groups had an HR of 1.30 （95%CI： 1.20 — 1.41）， 1.52 （95%CI： 1.41 — 1.65）， and 1.79 （95%CI： 1.64 — 1.95）， respectively， for new-onset NAFLD， with a P_trend value of <0.001. With the presence or absence of new-onset NAFLD as the dependent variable and the cumulative exposure to AIP for 0， 2， 4， and 6 years as the independent variable， the Cox regression analysis showed that compared with cumulative exposure to AIP for 0 years， cumulative exposure to AIP for 2， 4， and 6 years had an HR of 1.24 （95%CI： 1.15 — 1.35）， 1.51 （95%CI： 1.40 — 1.64）， and 1.70 （95%CI： 1.56 — 1.84）， respectively， with a P_trend value of <0.001. A sensitivity analysis was performed after exclusion of the individuals with new-onset NAFLD within 2 years， the individuals who experienced atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease events during follow-up， and the individuals taking antihypertensive， hypoglycemic， and lipid-lowering drugs， and the results were similar to those of the main analysis. Considering the competitive relationship between all-cause death and outcome events， a competing risk analysis of death was performed， which showed that the results of risk analysis were similar to those of the main analysis. ConclusionA high level of cumAIP exposure can increase the risk of new-onset NAFLD in young and middle-aged individuals.

Objective To investigate the differences in neurite density index(NDI),neurite orientation dispersion index(ODI),and volume fraction of isotropic water molecule(Viso)of subcutaneous white matter fiber tracts in patients with cerebral small ves-sel disease(CSVD),and the effect of the glymphatic system(GS)on NDI,ODI,and Viso values of white matter fiber tracts in patients with CSVD.Methods A total of 69 CSVD patients(CSVD group)were retrospectively selected.All patients underwent conventional plain MRI scans[3D-T1,T2WI,3D-T2 fluid attenuated inversion recovery(FLAIR)],spin echo-echo planar imaging(SE-EPI),and susceptibility weighted imaging(SWI)scans.The NDI,ODI,and Viso values of 29 white matter fiber tracts in the brain were meas-ured using post-processing software.Thirty-five healthy volunteers were recruited as the control group,and the independent sample t test was used to compare the differences of NDI,ODI,and Viso values between the two groups.Multiple linear regression was used to evaluate the relationship between along the perivascular space(ALPS)index and NDI,ODI,and Viso values of 29 white matter fiber tracts in CSVD patients.Results Compared with control group,CSVD group showed a statistically significant increase in Viso values in 26 white matter fiber tracts and decrease in NDI values in 14 white matter fiber tracts(PFDR<0.05).In multiple linear regression,the decrease of ALPS index in CSVD patients was found to be statistically different from that of NDI values in certain white matter fiber tracts(PFDR<0.05)and primarily located in the frontal and temporal lobes.Conclusion Neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging(NODDI)technology is more effective in identifying the biological differences,which impact the integrity of white matter fiber tracts in patients with CSVD.Furthermore,it reflects the pathophysiological changes of the brain GS on different white matter fiber tracts in CSVD patients.This provides valuable insights for recognizing the clinical manifestations of CSVD and developing appropri-ate treatment plans.

Objective:To design an assisted management system for medical consumables that integrated management logic of diagnosis related groups(DRG)for disease,so as to standardize the use for medical consumables and to strengthen regulatory efficiency.Methods:The system was designed by a microservices architecture,and the data fusion of business data,data of diagnosis and treatment,and DRG data was realized through constructed data lake.A knowledge graph of associated rule for medical consumables was established,and the intelligent analysis function included prediction for demand,usage optimization,and anomaly detection was provided to assist management decision-making on the basis of inference for historical data and knowledge,and multi-dimensional data queries.A rule engine was deployed at key clinical nodes for real-time compliance review and intelligent alerts.A DRG-based business management process was constructed to cover full lifecycle of consumables,including admission,procurement,warehousing,storage,requisition,usage billing,and traceability,so as to realize real-time monitoring and early warning for consumable costs at the DRG level.Six clinical doctors with 2-3 years of experience in using medical consumable were selected as test users from Tangdu Hospital of the Air Force Medical University,and they were randomly assigned into a system group and a control group,with 3 subjects in each group.The system group utilized the auxiliary management system for medical consumable to perform prediction for the demand of monthly procurement,and rationality verification of consumable.The control group relied on individual experience of doctors.The predicted monthly procurement demand for medical consumables,the accuracy of verifying rationality of using medical consumables between two groups were compared,and the efficiencies of two kinds of management modes also were compared.Results:The accuracy rate of system group was 89.17%in predicting the monthly procurement demand for medical consumables,and the rate of checking accuracy and the rate of checking comprehensiveness of system group were respectively 87.50%and 91.67%in verifying rationality of using medical consumables,which were significantly higher than those of control group,and the differences were significant(x2=6.62,1.96,16.73,P<0.05).The durations of predicting the demand for procurement,and verifying and testing the rationality of consumables in system group were significantly shorter than these in control group[(3.54±0.45)s,(2.23±0.15)s],and the differences were statistically significant(t=1.97,1.65,P<0.05).Conclusion:The medical consumables auxiliary management system integrated with DRG management logic can significantly enhance the accuracy of monthly demand prediction for consumables and the recall rate and precision rate of rationality verification for consumables usage,while greatly improving work efficiency.It is conducive to enhancing the standardized and refined supervision level of consumables usage.

Objective:To design an assisted management system for medical consumables that integrated management logic of diagnosis related groups(DRG)for disease,so as to standardize the use for medical consumables and to strengthen regulatory efficiency.Methods:The system was designed by a microservices architecture,and the data fusion of business data,data of diagnosis and treatment,and DRG data was realized through constructed data lake.A knowledge graph of associated rule for medical consumables was established,and the intelligent analysis function included prediction for demand,usage optimization,and anomaly detection was provided to assist management decision-making on the basis of inference for historical data and knowledge,and multi-dimensional data queries.A rule engine was deployed at key clinical nodes for real-time compliance review and intelligent alerts.A DRG-based business management process was constructed to cover full lifecycle of consumables,including admission,procurement,warehousing,storage,requisition,usage billing,and traceability,so as to realize real-time monitoring and early warning for consumable costs at the DRG level.Six clinical doctors with 2-3 years of experience in using medical consumable were selected as test users from Tangdu Hospital of the Air Force Medical University,and they were randomly assigned into a system group and a control group,with 3 subjects in each group.The system group utilized the auxiliary management system for medical consumable to perform prediction for the demand of monthly procurement,and rationality verification of consumable.The control group relied on individual experience of doctors.The predicted monthly procurement demand for medical consumables,the accuracy of verifying rationality of using medical consumables between two groups were compared,and the efficiencies of two kinds of management modes also were compared.Results:The accuracy rate of system group was 89.17%in predicting the monthly procurement demand for medical consumables,and the rate of checking accuracy and the rate of checking comprehensiveness of system group were respectively 87.50%and 91.67%in verifying rationality of using medical consumables,which were significantly higher than those of control group,and the differences were significant(x2=6.62,1.96,16.73,P<0.05).The durations of predicting the demand for procurement,and verifying and testing the rationality of consumables in system group were significantly shorter than these in control group[(3.54±0.45)s,(2.23±0.15)s],and the differences were statistically significant(t=1.97,1.65,P<0.05).Conclusion:The medical consumables auxiliary management system integrated with DRG management logic can significantly enhance the accuracy of monthly demand prediction for consumables and the recall rate and precision rate of rationality verification for consumables usage,while greatly improving work efficiency.It is conducive to enhancing the standardized and refined supervision level of consumables usage.

Objective:To evaluate the relationship between preoperative concentrations of soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (sTREM2) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and postoperative delirium (POD) in patients undergoing total knee/hip arthroplasty.Methods:Six hundred and twenty-five patients of either sex, aged 50-90 yr, weighing 50-80 kg, with American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status classification Ⅰor Ⅱ, with the preoperative Mini-Mental State Examination score > 23, who underwent elective knee/hip arthroplasty under combined spinal-epidural anesthesia at Qingdao Municipal Hospital from January 2022 to December 2023, were selected. The CSF specimens 2 ml were withdrawn from the subarachnoid space after successful subarachnoid puncture for determination of the concentrations of sTREM2, Amyloid beta protein (Aβ 42), total tau protein (T-tau), and phosphorylated tau protein (p-tau) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. POD was assessed using the Confusion Assessment Method. Patients were divided into POD group and non-POD group based on whether POD occurred. Logistic regression was used to identify the risk and protective factors for POD. The performance of CSF sTREM2 concentration combined with CSF biomarker levels in predicting POD was evaluated using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and clinical decision curve. The mediating effect of CSF biomarker concentrations in the relationship between CSF sTREM2 concentration and POD was analyzed. Results:Five hundred and nineteen patients were finally included, with 112 patients in POD group and 407 patients in non-POD group. The results of logistic regression analysis showed that the elevated preoperative sTREM2 concentration in CSF was the risk factor for POD after adjusting for multiple confounding factors such as age, sex, body mass index, years of education, Mini-Mental State Examination score, history of smoking, history of drinking, hypertension, diabetes mellitus and coronary heart disease. The area under the ROC curve of the preoperative sTREM2 concentration in CSF in predicting POD was 0.716, and the area under the ROC curve of the preoperative sTREM2 concentration in CSF combined with CSF biomarkers in predicting POD was 0.796. This model had high clinical application value and predictive efficacy. The relationship between the preoperative sTREM2 concentration in CSF and POD was partially mediated by the CSF p-tau concentration (proportion of mediated effect 24.67%) and t-tau protein concentration (proportion of mediated effect 17.33%).Conclusions:The elevated preoperative concentration of sTREM2 in CSF is a risk factor for POD in patients undergoing total knee/hip arthroplasty, and concentrations of t-tau and p-tau in CSF play a mediating role in the relationship between the preoperative CSF sTREM2 concentration and POD.

Objective To investigate the differences in neurite density index(NDI),neurite orientation dispersion index(ODI),and volume fraction of isotropic water molecule(Viso)of subcutaneous white matter fiber tracts in patients with cerebral small ves-sel disease(CSVD),and the effect of the glymphatic system(GS)on NDI,ODI,and Viso values of white matter fiber tracts in patients with CSVD.Methods A total of 69 CSVD patients(CSVD group)were retrospectively selected.All patients underwent conventional plain MRI scans[3D-T1,T2WI,3D-T2 fluid attenuated inversion recovery(FLAIR)],spin echo-echo planar imaging(SE-EPI),and susceptibility weighted imaging(SWI)scans.The NDI,ODI,and Viso values of 29 white matter fiber tracts in the brain were meas-ured using post-processing software.Thirty-five healthy volunteers were recruited as the control group,and the independent sample t test was used to compare the differences of NDI,ODI,and Viso values between the two groups.Multiple linear regression was used to evaluate the relationship between along the perivascular space(ALPS)index and NDI,ODI,and Viso values of 29 white matter fiber tracts in CSVD patients.Results Compared with control group,CSVD group showed a statistically significant increase in Viso values in 26 white matter fiber tracts and decrease in NDI values in 14 white matter fiber tracts(PFDR<0.05).In multiple linear regression,the decrease of ALPS index in CSVD patients was found to be statistically different from that of NDI values in certain white matter fiber tracts(PFDR<0.05)and primarily located in the frontal and temporal lobes.Conclusion Neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging(NODDI)technology is more effective in identifying the biological differences,which impact the integrity of white matter fiber tracts in patients with CSVD.Furthermore,it reflects the pathophysiological changes of the brain GS on different white matter fiber tracts in CSVD patients.This provides valuable insights for recognizing the clinical manifestations of CSVD and developing appropri-ate treatment plans.

Objective:To evaluate the relationship between preoperative concentrations of soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (sTREM2) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and postoperative delirium (POD) in patients undergoing total knee/hip arthroplasty.Methods:Six hundred and twenty-five patients of either sex, aged 50-90 yr, weighing 50-80 kg, with American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status classification Ⅰor Ⅱ, with the preoperative Mini-Mental State Examination score > 23, who underwent elective knee/hip arthroplasty under combined spinal-epidural anesthesia at Qingdao Municipal Hospital from January 2022 to December 2023, were selected. The CSF specimens 2 ml were withdrawn from the subarachnoid space after successful subarachnoid puncture for determination of the concentrations of sTREM2, Amyloid beta protein (Aβ 42), total tau protein (T-tau), and phosphorylated tau protein (p-tau) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. POD was assessed using the Confusion Assessment Method. Patients were divided into POD group and non-POD group based on whether POD occurred. Logistic regression was used to identify the risk and protective factors for POD. The performance of CSF sTREM2 concentration combined with CSF biomarker levels in predicting POD was evaluated using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and clinical decision curve. The mediating effect of CSF biomarker concentrations in the relationship between CSF sTREM2 concentration and POD was analyzed. Results:Five hundred and nineteen patients were finally included, with 112 patients in POD group and 407 patients in non-POD group. The results of logistic regression analysis showed that the elevated preoperative sTREM2 concentration in CSF was the risk factor for POD after adjusting for multiple confounding factors such as age, sex, body mass index, years of education, Mini-Mental State Examination score, history of smoking, history of drinking, hypertension, diabetes mellitus and coronary heart disease. The area under the ROC curve of the preoperative sTREM2 concentration in CSF in predicting POD was 0.716, and the area under the ROC curve of the preoperative sTREM2 concentration in CSF combined with CSF biomarkers in predicting POD was 0.796. This model had high clinical application value and predictive efficacy. The relationship between the preoperative sTREM2 concentration in CSF and POD was partially mediated by the CSF p-tau concentration (proportion of mediated effect 24.67%) and t-tau protein concentration (proportion of mediated effect 17.33%).Conclusions:The elevated preoperative concentration of sTREM2 in CSF is a risk factor for POD in patients undergoing total knee/hip arthroplasty, and concentrations of t-tau and p-tau in CSF play a mediating role in the relationship between the preoperative CSF sTREM2 concentration and POD.

Objective To determine the appropriate time to perform laparoscopic cholecystectomy(LC)for acute calculous cholecystitis.Methods The clinical data of 125 patients with acute calculous cholecystitis who underwent LC between Jan.2018 and Dec.2021 were retrospectively analyzed.According to the interval time from symptom onset to operation,all patients were divided into 2 groups:immediate group(43 cases)who underwent LC within 24 hours and delayed group(82 cases)who underwent LC in 25-72 h.The operation time,intraoperative blood loss,conversion to laparotomy,postoperative complications,postoperative hospitalization days and hospitalization expenses between the two groups were compared.Results The operation time,intraoperative blood loss of immediate group were lower than those of delayed group[50(45,65)min vs 65(55,95)min,10(10,20)ml vs 20(10,30)ml,P＜0.05].There were no significant differences between the two groups with respect to incision infection,bile leak and biliary duct injury(4.7％vs13.4％,2.3％vs 2.4％,2.3％vs 1.2％,P＞0.05),but the total rate of postoperative complications in immediate group reduced significantly(9.3％vs 29.3％,P＜0.05).No mortality occurred in either group.Both of postoperative hospitalization days and direct medical costs reduced in immediate group[5(5,7)d vs 7(6,7)d,6 503(6 231,7 749)yuan vs 7 056(6 448,9 105)yuan,P＜0.05].Conclusion LC for the operable patient with acute calculous cholecystitis,during 24 h from onset of symptom,significantly reduced the operation time,intraoperative blood loss and postoperative hospital stay without increasing the rate of bile leak and biliary duct injury.

Objective: : To investigate the effects of GBX2 gene on the proliferation, migration and invasion of human cervical carcinoma SiHa cells and to explore the mechanism. Methods: Recombinant plasmid over-expressing GBX2 gene (pCMV6-entry-GBX2, experimental group) and empty vector plasmid (pCMV6-entry, negative control group) were transfected into cervical cancer SiHa cells by plasmid transfection technique. The proliferation, colony formation and cell cycle of transfected cells were detected by WST-1 method, Colony formation assay and flow cytometry, respectively. The cell migration and invasion were detected by wound healing assay and Transwell assay. The expression level of IL-6 in cell culture supernatant was detected by ELISA. WB was used to detect the expression changes of EMT-related proteins and to explore its possible mechanism. Results: Compared with the SiHa/pCMV6 negative control group, after up-regulation of GBX2, (1) the proliferation, colony formation, migration and invasion of SiHa/GBX2 cells in the experimental group were significantly enhanced (all P<0.01); The proportion of cells in G0/G1 phase decreased while the proportion of cells in S phase and G2/M phase increased (all P<0.01); (2) the expression of E-cadherin decreased, and the expressions of N-cadherin, vimentin and snail increased (all P<0.01); (3) the expression of IL-6 in the culture supernatant of SiHa/GBX2 cells was significantly up-regulated (P<0.01); (4) STAT3 phosphorylation in SiHa/GBX2 cells was enhanced, and could be inhibited by STAT3 inhibitor S31-201 (P<0.01). Conclusion: GBX2 may induce EMT of cervical cancer SiHa cells through IL-6/STAT3 pathway, thereby promoting the proliferation, migration and invasion of cervical cancer cells.

Objective To observe the impact of alone or combined use of ezetimibe and simvastatin on transient outward potassium current (Ito) in ventricular myocytes of rat model of ischemia and reperfusion (IR). Methods Seventy-five male SD rats were randomly divided into five groups, control group (CON), control-IR group (CIR), ezetimibe treatment group (EIR), simvastatin treatment group (SIR) and combined ezetimibe and simvastatin treatment group (ESIR). After two weeks of treat?ment with intragastic normal saline or drugs (ezetimibe or simvastatin), myocytes were isolated from right ventricular with colla?genaseⅡ, and Ito was recorded by whole-cell patch clamp technique. Results (1) The Ito current density at+60 mV was sig?nificantly decreased in CIR group than that of CON group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in Ito current density between SIR group and ESIR group (P>0.05). The Ito current densities were higher in SIR group and ESIR group compared to those of CIR group. There was no significant difference in Ito current density between SIR group and ESIR group (P>0.05). (2) There was a significant increase in the half-inactivation (V1/2) in CIR group than that of CON group, but no significant differ?ence between EIR group and CIR group (P >0.05). There was a significant difference in the half-inactivation (V1/2) in SIR group and ESIR group compared to that of CIR group (P<0.05), but no significant difference between SIR group and ESIR group (P>0.05). There was no significant difference in the slope factor (K) between five groups (P>0.05). (3) The time-con?stant (τ) of Ito recovery curves from inactivation was significantly higher in CIR group than that of CON group (P<0.05), which was no significant difference between EIR group and CIR group (P>0.05). There was a significant difference in the time-con?stant (τ) of Ito recovery curves from inactivation in SIR group and ESIR group compared to that of CIR group (P<0.05), but no significant difference between SIR group and ESIR group (P>0.05). Conclusion Simvastatin pre-treatment or ezetimibe+simvastatin pre-treatment can reverse the effect of IR on Ito of ventricular myocytes, but ezetimibe shows no such effects.