Objective:To explore the effect of immobility on the quality of life in older adults.Methods:This cross-sectional study included 244 consecutive elderly patients aged 60 years and older who were admitted to the Department of Geriatrics at Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University from May 2022 to March 2023.Among the participants, 52.5%(128/244)were male and 47.5%(116/244)were female, with a mean age of 69.2±7.4 years.All participants underwent a series of assessments, including the Short Physical Performance Battery(SPPB), grip strength measurement, gait speed evaluation, and the Timed Up and Go test(TUG).The Barthel Index was employed to assess activities of daily living, while the Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short Form Health Survey(SF-36)was used to evaluate quality of life.A score of SPPB ≤ 9 was used to diagnose immobility.Results:A total of 60 older adults met the criteria for immobility.Compared to the non-immobility group, the quality-of-life scores for older adults in the immobility group were significantly lower across various dimensions, including physical functioning, role-physical, bodily pain, general health, vitality, social functioning, physical component summary, and the total SF-36 score(all P<0.05).Furthermore, a positive correlation was identified between the SPPB scores and the quality-of-life scores across the dimensions of physical functioning, bodily pain, general health, vitality, social functioning, mental health, reported health transition, physical component summary, and the total SF-36 score among patients in the immobility group(all P<0.05).Additionally, older adults in the immobility group exhibited lower grip strength, slower gait speed, and longer TUG times, as well as a higher incidence of emergencies and falls over the past year(all P<0.05). Conclusions:The poorer quality of life and physical function, along with higher rates of emergencies and falls among older adults with immobility, indicate the necessity of addressing the health consequences that immobility inflicts on this population.

Objective:To investigate the effects of ascites grading and the application of non-selective beta-blockers (NSBBs) on the 1-year prognosis of acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF).Methods:1 386 ascitic cases with ACLF were graded and followed up for one year. The 1-year prognostic effect of ascites grade and NSBBs was analyzed on ACLF by the Kaplan Meier Log-rank test, Cox stepwise regression, and multivariate regression.The t-test, Mann-Whitney U, or Kruskal-Wallis test were used for intergroup comparison of measurement data. The χ2 test was used for intergroup comparison of numerical data. Results:The incidence rate of ascites at admission was 77.56% in 1 386 ACLF cases. The Log-rank (Mantel-Cox) of the 1-year survival curve test for 1 386 ACLF patients with ascites grade was 21.384, P<0.01. Multivariate regression and Cox stepwise regression analysis showed that ascites grade, age, gastrointestinal bleeding, pulmonary infection, acute kidney injury, prothrombin activity (PTA), urea, MELD-Na score, and the use of NSBBs were closely related to the 1-year prognosis of ACLF. The log rank (Mantel-Cox) of NSBBs treatment in the grade 2/3 ascites group was 6.113, P=0.013, and the difference was statistically significant, suggesting that NSBBs treatment can help improve the 1-year survival rate in ACLF patients with grade 2 and 3 ascites. Conclusions:Ascites grading and the use of NSBBs affect the prognostic factor of ACLF at one year. NSBBs may be beneficial for the long-term prognosis of ACLF, and treatment can be continued in patients who have already received NSBBs prior to the onset of ACLF.

Objective:To explore the effect of immobility on the quality of life in older adults.Methods:This cross-sectional study included 244 consecutive elderly patients aged 60 years and older who were admitted to the Department of Geriatrics at Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University from May 2022 to March 2023.Among the participants, 52.5%(128/244)were male and 47.5%(116/244)were female, with a mean age of 69.2±7.4 years.All participants underwent a series of assessments, including the Short Physical Performance Battery(SPPB), grip strength measurement, gait speed evaluation, and the Timed Up and Go test(TUG).The Barthel Index was employed to assess activities of daily living, while the Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short Form Health Survey(SF-36)was used to evaluate quality of life.A score of SPPB ≤ 9 was used to diagnose immobility.Results:A total of 60 older adults met the criteria for immobility.Compared to the non-immobility group, the quality-of-life scores for older adults in the immobility group were significantly lower across various dimensions, including physical functioning, role-physical, bodily pain, general health, vitality, social functioning, physical component summary, and the total SF-36 score(all P<0.05).Furthermore, a positive correlation was identified between the SPPB scores and the quality-of-life scores across the dimensions of physical functioning, bodily pain, general health, vitality, social functioning, mental health, reported health transition, physical component summary, and the total SF-36 score among patients in the immobility group(all P<0.05).Additionally, older adults in the immobility group exhibited lower grip strength, slower gait speed, and longer TUG times, as well as a higher incidence of emergencies and falls over the past year(all P<0.05). Conclusions:The poorer quality of life and physical function, along with higher rates of emergencies and falls among older adults with immobility, indicate the necessity of addressing the health consequences that immobility inflicts on this population.

Objective:To investigate the effects of ascites grading and the application of non-selective beta-blockers (NSBBs) on the 1-year prognosis of acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF).Methods:1 386 ascitic cases with ACLF were graded and followed up for one year. The 1-year prognostic effect of ascites grade and NSBBs was analyzed on ACLF by the Kaplan Meier Log-rank test, Cox stepwise regression, and multivariate regression.The t-test, Mann-Whitney U, or Kruskal-Wallis test were used for intergroup comparison of measurement data. The χ2 test was used for intergroup comparison of numerical data. Results:The incidence rate of ascites at admission was 77.56% in 1 386 ACLF cases. The Log-rank (Mantel-Cox) of the 1-year survival curve test for 1 386 ACLF patients with ascites grade was 21.384, P<0.01. Multivariate regression and Cox stepwise regression analysis showed that ascites grade, age, gastrointestinal bleeding, pulmonary infection, acute kidney injury, prothrombin activity (PTA), urea, MELD-Na score, and the use of NSBBs were closely related to the 1-year prognosis of ACLF. The log rank (Mantel-Cox) of NSBBs treatment in the grade 2/3 ascites group was 6.113, P=0.013, and the difference was statistically significant, suggesting that NSBBs treatment can help improve the 1-year survival rate in ACLF patients with grade 2 and 3 ascites. Conclusions:Ascites grading and the use of NSBBs affect the prognostic factor of ACLF at one year. NSBBs may be beneficial for the long-term prognosis of ACLF, and treatment can be continued in patients who have already received NSBBs prior to the onset of ACLF.

Objective To investigate the factors associated with atrial fibrillation(AF)in patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus(T2DM).Methods Through a case-control study,We selected 688 patients with T2DM who were hospitalized at the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University from January 2015 to November 2021.Based on the AF diagnostic criteria,all the patients were divided into a case group(AF group)of 368 cases and a control group(non-AF group)of 320 cases.All patients'clinical data were collected and used Stata 15.1 st-atistical software were used for analyze the relevant influencing factors of AF in patients with T2DM.Results Age,duration of DM,glycated hemoglobin level,body mass index,left atrial diameter,creatinine,C2HEST score,and heart failure might be risk factors for AF in T2DM patients(P＜0.05);among them,age,glycated hemoglobin level,left atrial diameter,C2HEST score might be independent risk factors for AF in T2DM patients;the use of sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors(Sodium/Glucose Co-transporter 2 Inhibitor,SGLT2i)and β-blockers(P＜0.05)might be its protective factors.Conclusion Old age,high HbA1c level,increased left atrial diameter,and high C2HEST score maight be independent risk factors for atrial fibrillation in T2DM patients.The use of SGLT2i and β-blockers in T2DM patients may have a protective effect on the occurrence of atrial fibrillation.

Objective:To explore the effects of nursing interventions based on SMART (specific, measurable, attainable, relevant, and time-based) principle in patients with chronic urticaria.Methods:From January 2021 to January 2022, convenience sampling was used to select 128 patients with chronic urticaria admitted to the allergy department of Henan Provincial People's Hospital as the study subject. The patients were divided into control group and observation group using a random number table method, with 64 cases in each group. The control group received routine nursing, while the observation group received nursing interventions based on SMART principle for three months. The Rating Scale of Health Self-management Skill for Adults, Life Event Scale, and Trait Coping Style Questionnaire were used to measure patients before and three months after intervention, and short-term efficacy was evaluated.Results:The total short-term curative effective rate of the observation group was 82.81% (53/64), while the control group was 65.63% (42/64) ; the recurrent interval time in the observation group was (30.29±7.35) days, while in the control group it was (21.63±7.46) days; and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). After intervention, the scores of the self-management behavior, self-management cognition, self-management environment, and the total score of Rating Scale of Health Self-management Skill for Adults in the observation group were higher than those in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). After intervention, the scores of positive event stimulus in Life Event Scale and positive coping in Trait Coping Style Questionnaire in the observation group were higher than those in the control group, while the scores of negative event stimulus and negative coping were lower than those in the control group, with statistically significant differences ( P<0.05) . Conclusions:Nursing interventions based on the SMART principle can effectively improve the short-term curative efficacy and the self-management ability of patients with chronic urticaria, and change their physiological and social stress levels and coping styles.

Objective To investigate the risk factors for acute variceal bleeding (AVB) in acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) and its influence on prognosis. Methods A total of 1409 ACLF patients who were admitted to The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital from 2009 to 2015 were followed up for 6 months, and according to the presence or absence of AVB, they were divided into AVB group and non-AVB group. The Student's t -test was used for comparison of normally distributed continuous data between two groups, and the Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison of non-normally distributed continuous data between two groups. The Kaplan-Meier curves were plotted and the Log-rank test was performed to analyze mortality rate and progression during follow-up, and a binary Logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the risk factors for AVB. Results Among these 1409 patients, 167 (11.85%) experienced AVB. The 30-day survival rate was 43.42% in the AVB group and 67.79% in the non-AVB group ( χ 2 =33.558, P < 0.001), and the 180-day survival rate was 18.91% in the AVB group and 53.97% in the non-AVB group ( χ 2 =76.881, P < 0.001). The Log-rank test showed significant differences in 30- and 180-day survival rates between the AVB group and the non-AVB group ( χ 2 =40.950 and 89.320, both P < 0.05). The Logistic regression analysis showed that pleural effusion (odds ratio [ OR ]=1.522, 95% confidence interval [ CI ]: 1.071-2.162, P =0.019), acute kidney injury (AKI) ( OR =2.201, 95% CI : 1.415-3.426, P < 0.001), ABC subtype of ACLF ( OR =2.491, 95% CI : 1.489-4.168, P =0.001), ACLF stage ( OR =2.403, 95% CI : 1.687-3.421, P < 0.001), and urea( OR =2.567, 95% CI : 1.570-4.196, P < 0.001)were independently associated with AVB in ACLF patients. Conclusion AVB is an important influencing factor for the short-term survival of ACLF patients, and pleural effusion, AKI, BC subtype of ACLF, advanced ACLF, and urea are independent risk factors for the onset of AVB.

Objective:To investigate the risk factors of anemia and prognostic value of different grades of anemia in patients with hepatitis B virus-related acute-on-chronic liver failure (HBV-ACLF).Methods:Anemia grades of 1 163 patients with HBV-ACLF were analyzed and the effect of different grades on prognosis were evaluated. The risk factors related to anemia were evaluated by Spearman rank correlation analysis and logistic regression analysis.Results:Among 1 163 patients, 942 (80.99%) patients had anemia. The incidence of grade 2 and 3 (moderate and severe) anemia in type B and C HBV-ACLF patients was significantly increased ( χ2=72.908, P<0.001). The incidence of macrocytic anemia among type A, B and C HBV-ACLF ranged from 13.0% to 43.98% and 58.33%, respectively( χ2=46.823, P <0.001). The 1-year cumulative survival rate of patients with grade 2 and 3 anemia decreased significantly( χ2=50.179, P<0.001); Spearman rank correlation analysis showed that the correlation coefficient between ABC type and anemia grade was 0.319, P<0.001. Logistic regression analysis showed that gastrointestinal bleeding, acute kidney injury (AKI) and ABC types were independently associated with grade 2 and 3 anemia in patients with HBV-ACLF. Conclusions:Anemia grade is closely related to the prognosis in patients with HBV-ACLF. Gastrointestinal bleeding, AKI and ABC types are independent risk factors for grade 2 and 3 anemia in patients with HBV-ACLF.

Objective: To study the long-term prognosis of the convalescent patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV) associated acute-on-chronic liver failure (HBV-ACLF). Methods: A 72-month follow-up study of HBV-ACLF recovery patients recruited between January 2005 and December 2009 was performed in our hospital. According to the results of imaging examination at the first visit, the enrolled patients were divided into two groups, the liver cirrhosis ACLF (Lc-ACLF) group and chronic hepatitis B related ACLF (CHB-ACLF) group. In both groups, the occurrence of cirrhosis, decompensated cirrhosis or ACLF and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) were observed. Results: The media time of cirrhosis formation, decompensated cirrhosis and HCC occurrence in CHB-ACLF group were 12.5, 23 and 43 months, respectively. However, the median time of LC-ACLF patients developing to decompensated cirrhosis and HCC were 7 and 14 months, which was significantly shorter than that in CHB-ACLF group (P=0.009, 0.040, with statistical significance). Furthermore, the blood chemical parameters including serum albumin (ALB), cholinesterase (CHE) and total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), as well as platelet count (PLT), the anti-viral treatment compliance and the virus mutation were significantly related to the clinical endpoint events, respectively (P<0.05). Moreover, results from the logistic regression model demonstrated that the patient age, with or without liver cirrhosis, HBV mutation and the anti-viral treatment compliance were the independent risk factors for the long-term prognosis of patients with hepatitis B associated liver failure (OR=1.035, 0.510, 2.462, respectively. P< 0.05). The cumulative risk of Lc-ACLF patients progressed to decompensate cirrhosis, acute-on-chronic liver failure or HCC was significantly higher than that of CHB-ACLF patients (χ²=21.603, 4.423, P=0.000, 0.035, respectively). Conclusions Considering the importance of patients with or without liver cirrhosis, HBV mutation and the anti-viral treatment compliance in the long-term prognosis of HBV-ACLF patients, it is necessary and important to monitor the virus mutation and anti-viral treatment compliance of HBV- ACLF patients during antiviral therapy and those processes would benefit the improvement of long term prognosis of the patients with ACLF.

Objective: To study the clinical value of serum cystatin C, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9/NGAL-1 measurements for early diagnosis of acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF). Methods: This study included 102 patients with hepatitis B virus related ACLF and 31 patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) were enrolled as controls. Biomarkers including serum cystatin C, NGAL and MMP-9/NGAL-1 were measured twice in the patients with ACLF at admission and at the time progressed to AKI and once in the controls. Results: In patients with ACLF, serum cystatin C levels was higher than that of the CHB control (t=3.609, P=0.000), whereas NGAL and MMP-9/NGAL-1 levels were lower in patients with ACLF than that of CHB controls (t=3.016, P=0.003; t=7.514, P=0.000, respectively). Thirty-three patients (32.4%) progressed to AKI during hospitalization period. In AKI group of the patients serum cystatin C levels was higher than that of non-AKI group of the patents (t=4.543, P=0.000). MMP-9/ NGAL-1 and NGAL levels were not different in patients with and without AKI (t=0.905, P=0.368; t=0.061, P=0.952). Serum cystatin C in patients with mild AKI (serum creatinine<1.5 mg/dl) and AKI serum creatinine>1.5 mg/dl were 33.59± 9.19 ng/ml and 43.32±9.02 ng/ml respectively. That was higher than that of non-AKI patients (27.94±7.93 ng/ml, P=0.022, 0.000, respectively). Serum cystatin C was the independent risk factors associated with development of AKI by a multivariate logistic regression in patients with ACLF. Conclusions Serum cystatin C measurement may contribute to more earlier diagnosis of AKI even in patients with S. creatinine<1.5 mg/dl. NGAL and MMP-9/NGAL-1 may be the biomarker of progress for ACLF.