Autologous blood patch pleurodesis (ABPP) was first proposed in 1987. Now it is mainly used to treat intractable pneumothorax and persistent air leakage after pneumonectomy, and also used to treat pneumothorax in children and other rare secondary pneumothorax. Persistent air leakage and pneumothorax of various causes are essentially alveolar pleural fistula. It can usually be treated by closed thoracic drainage, continuous negative pressure suction and surgery. Pleurodesis is a safe and effective alternative to surgery for patients who have failed conventional conservative treatment and can not receive operations. Compared with other pleurodesis adhesives, autologous blood (ABPP) is safer and more effective, and it is simple, painless, cheap and easy to be accepted by patients. But in the domestic and foreign researches in recent years, many details of ABPP treatment have not been standardized. For further research and popularization of ABPP, this article reviews the detailed regulations, efficacy and safety of this technology.

Ferroptosis, an iron-dependent form of regulated cell death driven by lipid peroxidation, has been recently identified as a key role in Parkinson's disease (PD) pathogenesis. In particular, lipid peroxidation-mediated ferroptosis is considered a key event leading to the death of dopaminergic neurons. This article reviews the role of lipid peroxidation-mediated ferroptosis in PD and its involved key signaling pathways, and explores the related targeted therapeutic strategies, with the aim of providing new ideas for targeted treatment of PD.

Ferroptosis, an iron-dependent form of regulated cell death driven by lipid peroxidation, has been recently identified as a key role in Parkinson's disease (PD) pathogenesis. In particular, lipid peroxidation-mediated ferroptosis is considered a key event leading to the death of dopaminergic neurons. This article reviews the role of lipid peroxidation-mediated ferroptosis in PD and its involved key signaling pathways, and explores the related targeted therapeutic strategies, with the aim of providing new ideas for targeted treatment of PD.

Objective To investigate the changes of serum cardiac-specific troponin I (cTnI) level in patients after lung transplantation. Methods Clinical data of patients undergoing lung transplantation in our hospital from December 2016 to December 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. The relationship between postoperative serum cTnI level and clinical characteristics were explored. Results Finally 20 patients were collected, including 15 males and 5 females with an average age of (51.65±12.79) years. The serum cTnI level was significantly increased after lung transplantation. The serum cTnI reached the highest level on the first day after transplantation, and significantly decreased from the third day after transplantation. The serum cTnI levels in patients with obstructive pulmonary disease and bilateral lung transplantation were significantly higher than those in patients with restrictive pulmonary disease and unilateral lung transplantation on the day after surgery and on the first day after transplantation. Conclusion Transient myocardial injury can occur after lung transplantation, which is characterized by an abnormal increase in serum cTnI level.

BACKGROUND:The development of steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head is a complex process involving multiple mechanisms.There is still no standard therapeutic drug for early intervention of this disease.Current studies have shown that baicalein has various pharmacological activities such as regulating lipid metabolism,bone metabolism,apoptosis and anti-oxidative stress,which provides an idea for the prevention and treatment of steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head. OBJECTIVE:To observe the preventive effect of baicalein against steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head and to investigate its possible mechanism. METHODS:Thirty-six 10-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups(n=12 per group):blank control group,model group,and baicalein intervention group.In the model group and baicalein intervention group,intraperitoneal lipopolysaccharide and intramuscular injection of methylprednisolone sodium succinate were performed for modeling,while normal saline was used as a substitute for the modeling drug in the blank control group.Baicalein 300 mg/kg was administered by gavage(once a day for 6 weeks)at the time of initial intramuscular glucocorticoid injection in the baicalein intervention group,and baicalein was replaced by normal saline in the other two groups.The serum level of malondialdehyde in rats was detected at 2 weeks of the experiment.Blood lipid indicators and bone formation metabolic markers were detected at 6 weeks of the experiment,the histomorphometric changes of the femoral head were analyzed by hematoxylin-eosin staining,anti-tartaric acid phosphatase staining and TUNEL staining,and the femoral head was subjected to Micro-CT scanning and three-dimensional reconstruction of the bone in order to analyze the alterations of bone tissue structure and parameters. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The serum levels of malondialdehyde,triglyceride,β-collagen type Ⅰ carboxy-terminal peptide were increased and the serum levels of bone specific alkaline phosphatase and pre-collagen type Ⅰ amino-terminal peptide were decreased in the model group compared with the blank control group(P＜0.05).The serum level of malondialdehyde decreased in the baicalein intervention group compared with the model group(P＜0.05),but there was no significant difference between the baicalein intervention group and blank control group(P＞0.05).The serum level of triglyceride was higher in the baicalein intervention group than the blank control group(P＜0.05),but had no significant difference between the baicalein intervention group and model group(P＞0.05).There were also no significant differences in the levels of bone specific alkaline phosphatase and β-collagen type Ⅰ carboxy-terminal peptide between the baicalein intervention group and the other two groups(P＞0.05).The serum level of the baicalein intervention group was lower in the baicalein intervention group than the blank control group(P＜0.05)but had no significant difference between the baicalein intervention group and model group(P＞0.05).Histomorphological analysis of the femoral head showed that the rate of bone empty lacuna,osteoclast counting and cell apoptosis rate in the femoral head of model group rats were significantly higher than those of the other two groups(P＜0.05).There was a significant increase in the number of adipocytes in the bone marrow cavity of the femoral head,bone trabeculae were thinned and sparsely arranged with more disruptions in the continuity.The incidence of osteonecrosis was higher in the model group(75%)than in the baicalein intervention group(25%;bilateral and unilateral exact significance results were both 0.05).There was also an increase in the number of adipocytes in the bone marrow cavity of the femoral head in the baicalein intervention group,and the trabecular changes were roughly similar to those in the model group.Micro-CT results showed that bone volume fraction,trabecular thickness,trabecular number,and bone mineral density decreased and trabecular separation increased in the model group compared with the blank control group(P＜0.05).Overall significant bone mass loss was observed in the model group.Bone tissue parameters in the baicalein intervention group were significantly improved than those in the model group,which were reflected in bone volume fraction,trabecular thickness and trabecular separation(P＜0.05),and trabecular number and bone mineral density had no significant difference between the baicalein intervention group and blank control group(P＞0.05).Although baicalein failed to significantly ameliorate dyslipidemia and promote bone formation in rats with steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head,it could reduce the incidence of steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head by reducing oxidative stress damage,decreasing cell apoptosis,inhibiting osteoclasts,suggesting its effectiveness in the early prevention of steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head.

Objective To observe the effect of different muscle relaxation depth on optic nerve sheath diameter(ONSD)in obese patients undergoing laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy.Methods A total of 56 obese patients undergoing elective laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy under general anesthesia in this hospital from March to June 2023 were selected and randomly divided into the deep muscle relaxation group(group D)and moderate muscle relaxation group(group M),28 cases in each group.According to the TOF-Watch muscle re-laxation monitor,group D maintained the train of four(TOF)stimulation count as 0,moreover the post-tetan-ic count(PTC)count was 1-2,and group M maintained TOF count as 1-2.The operation time,anesthesia time and rocuronium bromide dosage were recorded.ONSD,MAP and HR at 5 min after induction intubation(T0),5 min after pneumoperitoneum establishment(T1),30 min after pneumoperitoneum establishment(T2),90 min after pneumoperitoneum establishment(T3),and 5 min after the end of pneumoperitoneum(T4)were recorded,and the occurrence of postoperative adverse reactions such as dizziness and vomiting were recorded.Results There were statistical differences in ONSD at T2 and T3 between the two groups(P＜0.05),ONSD in the group D was significantly reduced and the anesthetic time was significantly prolonged compared with the group M(P＜0.05),the dosage of rocuronium bromide in the group D was significantly increased compared with that in the group M(P＜0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in MAP and HR at T0-T4 between the two groups(P＞0.05).One case developed severe hypoxemia after sur-gery.Conclusion Compared with moderate muscle relaxation,deep muscle relaxation could alleviate the intra-operative enlargement of ONSD in obese patients undergoing laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy.

Radix Bupleuri has been used in traditional Chinese medicine for over 2000 years with functions of relieving exterior syndrome,clearing heat,regulating liver-qi,and lifting yang-qi.Its medicinal properties have been widely used in Eurasia and North Africa.As the main bioactive compounds in Radix Bupleuri,saikosaponins(especially saikosaponin A and saikosaponin D)have anti-inflammatory,anti-tumor,antioxidant,antivirus,immune regulatory,and liver protective effects.This article reviews the pharmacological activity,mechanism of action,and current applica-tion status of saikosaponins,in order to provide new insights for further research and development of Radix Bupleuri.

Objective    To investigate the short-term therapeutic effect of neoadjuvant immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy in the locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Methods    The clinical data of patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma treated with neoadjuvant treatment in Gaozhou People's Hospital from August 2019 to October 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. According to the different treatments, the patients were divided into two groups: a neoadjuvant immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy group (NIC group) and a neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy group (NC group). The baseline data, incidence of adverse events during treatment, perioperative indicators, postoperative pathological remission rate and incidence of postoperative complications were compared between the two groups. Results    Totally 33 patients were enrolled, including 15 males and 18 females, with an average age of 62.37±7.99 years. There were 17 patients in the NIC group and 16 patients in the NC group. In the NIC group, the carcinoma was mainly located in the middle and lower esophagus, with 5 paitents in stage Ⅱ, 9 patients in stage Ⅲ, and 3 patients in stage Ⅳa. In the NC group, the carcinoma was mainly located in the upper-middle esophagus, with 1 patient in stage Ⅱ and 15 patients in stage Ⅲ. During the neoadjuvant treatment, there was no significant difference in the occurrence of bone marrow suppression or gastrointestinal reactions between the two groups (P>0.05). There were 4 immune-related rashes in the NIC group and 1 esophageal perforation in the NC group. Fourteen (82.35%) patients in the NIC group and 12 (75.00%) patients in the NC group completed the operation on schedule. The postoperative ICU stay time and chest tube indwelling time in the NIC group were shorter than those in the NC group (P<0.05). There were 5 patients of complete remission in the NIC group, and 6 patients in the NC group. There was no significant difference in the pathological regression grade or residual tumor cells between the two groups (P>0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of anastomotic fistula, thoracic gastric fistula, bronchial mediastinal fistula, abdominal distension, pulmonary infection, stroke, or hoarseness during the perioperative period between the two groups of patients who completed the operation (P>0.05). In the NC group, 2 patients died during the perioperative period because of thoracic gastric fistula complicated by severe infection. Conclusion    Neoadjuvant immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy dose not significantly increase the occurrence of adverse events and shows a good rate of pathological remission, which indicates that the neoadjuvant immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy is a safe, feasible and potential new treatment model.

Seed quality plays an important role in the agricultural and animal husbandry production, the effective utilization of genetic resources, the conservation of biodiversity and the restoration and reconstruction of plant communities. Seed aging is a common physiological phenomenon during storage. It is a natural irreversible process that occurs and develops along with the extension of seed storage time. It is not only related to the growth, yield and quality of seed and seedling establishment, but also has an important effect on the conservation, utilization and development of plant germplasm resources. The physiological mechanisms of seed aging are complex and diverse. Most studies focus on conventional physiological characterization, while systematic and comprehensive in-depth studies are lacking. Here we review the recent advances in understanding the physiology of seed aging process, including the methods of seed aging, the effect of aging on seed germination, and the physiological and molecular mechanisms of seed aging. The change of multiple physiological parameters, including seed vigor, electrical conductivity, malondialdehyde content and storage material in the seed, antioxidant enzyme activity and mitochondrial structure, were summarized. Moreover, insights into the mechanism of seed aging from the aspects of transcriptome, proteome and aging related gene function were summarized. This study may facilitate the research of seed biology and the conservation and utilization of germplasm resources.
Germination ; Plants ; Proteome ; Seedlings ; Seeds/genetics*

Objective:To explore the incidence, clinical characteristics and prognosis of invasive pulmonary fungal infection(IPFI)in recipients of lung transplantation(LT)in southern China.Methods:From January 2003 to August 2019, retrospective analysis was performed for 300 recipients of lung transplantation at three hospitals in southern China. There were 254 males and 46 females with an average age of (54.98±14.2)years. Clinical data were collected from medical records, including symptoms and signs, imaging studies, bronchoscopy examination, pathogen separation and culture from deep sputum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF), fungal-related laboratory tests and tissue pathology.Results:Among 300 cases, 93(31.0%)had at least one episode of IPFI. The most common pathogen was aspergillosis(60.2%), followed by candida(15 cases, 16.1%)and Pneumocystis jeroveci (13 cases, 14.0%). Kaplan Meier analysis indicated that all-cause mortality was significantly higher in IPFI group than that in non-IPFI(nIPFI)group with one-year mortality of 45.2% vs. 26.7% in IPFI and nIPFI groups respectively( P<0.05). Conclusions:IPFI is prevalent after LT in southern China. And aspergillosis is the most common pathogen and Candida comes the next. The median occurring time for aspergillosis is 6 months after LT. Candida infection occurs earlier at airway anastomosis. A higher incidence of invasive fungal disease(IFD)associated with a lower survival indicates that IPFI has a substantial mortality among recipients after LT. Prophylactic agents should be optimized based upon an epidemiologically likely pathogen.