"Weibing" is a fundamental concept in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), representing a transitional state characterized by diminished self-regulatory abilities without overt physiological or social dysfunction. This perspective delves into the biological foundations and quantifiable markers of Weibing, aiming to establish a research framework for early disease intervention. Here, we propose the "Health Quadrant Classification" system, which divides the state of human body into health, sub-health, disease-susceptible state, and disease. We suggest the disease-susceptible stage emerges as a pivotal point for TCM interventions. To understand the intrinsic dynamics of this state, we propose laboratory and clinical studies utilizing time-series experiments and stress-induced disease susceptibility models. At the molecular level, bio-omics technologies and bioinformatics approaches are highlighted for uncovering intricate changes during disease progression. Furthermore, we discuss the application of mathematical models and artificial intelligence in developing early warning systems to anticipate and avert the transition from health to disease. This approach resonates with TCM's preventive philosophy, emphasizing proactive health maintenance and disease prevention. Ultimately, our perspective underscores the significance of integrating modern scientific methodologies with TCM principles to propel Weibing research and early intervention strategies forward.

B lymphocytes (B cells) play a complex and paradoxical role in tumorigenesis. They can recognize tumor-associated antigens, present these antigens to T cells, and produce antibodies that directly target and eliminate tumor cells. This makes B cells a potentially powerful ally in combating cancer. However, B cells also exhibit immunosuppressive functions, secreting cytokines like IL-10 or generating tumor-promoting antibodies that dampen the anti-tumor immune response, and some tumor cells have even been shown to exploit B cells to promote their growth and metastasis. This dual nature of B cells presents both opportunities and challenges for tumor immunotherapy. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms underlying the multifaceted functions of B cells and their current applications in cancer immunotherapy. Furthermore, we also explore the key issues and future directions in this field, emphasizing the need for further research to fully harness the anti-tumor potential of B cells in the fight against cancer.
Humans ; B-Lymphocytes/immunology* ; Neoplasms/therapy* ; Carcinogenesis/immunology* ; Immunotherapy/methods* ; Animals

Ferroptosis, an iron-dependent form of regulated cell death driven by lipid peroxidation, has been recently identified as a key role in Parkinson's disease (PD) pathogenesis. In particular, lipid peroxidation-mediated ferroptosis is considered a key event leading to the death of dopaminergic neurons. This article reviews the role of lipid peroxidation-mediated ferroptosis in PD and its involved key signaling pathways, and explores the related targeted therapeutic strategies, with the aim of providing new ideas for targeted treatment of PD.

Objective:To evaluate the value of ultrasound radiomics combined with machine learning for early diagnosis of seronegative Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (SN-HT) .Methods:This retrospective study included 164 patients from Liaoning Provincial People’s Hospital , Lixin County People’s Hospital, Linghai Dalinghe Hospital, Fengcheng Phoenix Hospital, who underwent thyroidectomy for solitary nodules with normal thyroid function between Nov. 2016 and Jan. 2024. Postoperative pathology confirmed Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) in some cases, who were further categorized into antibody-positive and antibody-negative groups based on serum antibody status. Patients without Hashimoto’s thyroiditis served as the control group. A total of 298 ultrasound images were analyzed. Radiomics features were extracted from hypoechoic non-nodular areas within 0.5 cm surrounding the tumor. Two senior pathologists and two senior ultrasound physicians independently assessed lymphocytic infiltration, eosinophilic changes of follicular epithelium, and the proportion of hypoechoic areas in pathology and ultrasound images, respectively. A machine learning model, CCH-NET, was developed using linear regression and t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (t-SNE) techniques. The dataset was divided into a training set (80%) and a validation set (20%) to compare the diagnostic accuracy of CCH-NET with that of senior ultrasound physicians. Results:In internal validation, CCH-NET achieved a diagnostic accuracy of 88.89% for both antibody-positive and antibody-negative groups, significantly higher than the 66.67% accuracy of senior ultrasound physicians ( P<0.01). In external validation, CCH-NET achieved 75.00% and 66.67% accuracy for the two groups, compared to 50.00% by senior ultrasound physicians. For the control group, both methods achieved 93.33% accuracy. The AUC of CCH-NET was 0.848, outperforming senior ultrasound physicians (0.681) ,demonstrating superior diagnostic performance. Conclusion:The radiomics-based CCH-NET model, using non-nodular hypoechoic areas as a specific indicator, can accurately identify early SN-HT in euthyroid patients. It significantly outperforms senior ultrasound physicians, improving diagnostic accuracy and reducing missed diagnoses.

Objective:To investigate the factors that affect pelvic floor muscle repair in postpartum women.Methods:The clinical data of 100 patients who gave birth at the Third Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University between January 2021 and January 2024 and underwent pelvic floor muscle repair were analyzed retrospectively. Based on whether they received the repair, the patients were divided into a repair group ( n = 70) and a non-repair group ( n = 30). The clinical data of both groups were compared. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to analyze the main factors that influence postpartum pelvic floor muscle repair. A predictive model was constructed, and its predictive value for the effectiveness of postpartum pelvic floor muscle repair was evaluated using the receiver operating characteristic curve. Results:After pelvic floor muscle repair, total effective rate was 70% (70/100). There were significant differences between the repair group and the non-repair group in terms of age, parity, number of pregnancies, prenatal body mass index (BMI), neonatal body weight, mode of pelvic floor muscle repair, delivery mode, relaxin level, elastin level, pelvic floor muscle strength classification, degree of stress urinary incontinence, and training compliance (all P < 0.05). Multivariate analysis results indicated that age, prenatal BMI, parity, number of pregnancies, neonatal body weight, pelvic floor muscle strength grading, training compliance, relaxin level, and elastin level were independent influential factors for the effectiveness of postpartum pelvic floor muscle repair. The model can be represented as: Y = 1.253 × age + 0.131 × prenatal BMI + 1.313 × parity + 2.603 × number of pregnancies + 0.559 × neonatal body weight -1.512 × pelvic floor muscle strength grading + 1.271 × training compliance + 0.404 × relaxin level -9.945 × elastin level -4.015. The receiver operating characteristic curve results showed that the area under the curve values for age, prenatal BMI, parity, number of pregnancies, neonatal body weight, pelvic floor muscle strength grading, training compliance, relaxin level, and elastin level in predicting the effectiveness of postpartum pelvic floor muscle repair were 0.650, 0.634, 0.657, 0.786, 0.610, 0.783, 0.645, 0.949, and 0.991, respectively. The area under the curve values for relaxin and elastin levels exceeded 0.9, with the corresponding sensitivity and specificity for relaxin level being 90.00% and 92.90%, respectively, and for elastin level being 100.00% and 95.70%, respectively. Conclusions:Age, prenatal BMI, parity, number of pregnancies, neonatal body weight, pelvic floor muscle strength grading, training compliance, relaxin level, and elastin level are factors that affect the effectiveness of postpartum pelvic floor muscle repair. These factors have certain predictive value for the effectiveness of pelvic floor muscle repair, with relaxin and elastin levels showing particularly high predictive value. Clinically, this information can be used to develop a reasonable pelvic floor muscle repair plan for postpartum women.

Objective:To evaluate the value of ultrasound radiomics combined with machine learning for early diagnosis of seronegative Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (SN-HT) .Methods:This retrospective study included 164 patients from Liaoning Provincial People’s Hospital , Lixin County People’s Hospital, Linghai Dalinghe Hospital, Fengcheng Phoenix Hospital, who underwent thyroidectomy for solitary nodules with normal thyroid function between Nov. 2016 and Jan. 2024. Postoperative pathology confirmed Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) in some cases, who were further categorized into antibody-positive and antibody-negative groups based on serum antibody status. Patients without Hashimoto’s thyroiditis served as the control group. A total of 298 ultrasound images were analyzed. Radiomics features were extracted from hypoechoic non-nodular areas within 0.5 cm surrounding the tumor. Two senior pathologists and two senior ultrasound physicians independently assessed lymphocytic infiltration, eosinophilic changes of follicular epithelium, and the proportion of hypoechoic areas in pathology and ultrasound images, respectively. A machine learning model, CCH-NET, was developed using linear regression and t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (t-SNE) techniques. The dataset was divided into a training set (80%) and a validation set (20%) to compare the diagnostic accuracy of CCH-NET with that of senior ultrasound physicians. Results:In internal validation, CCH-NET achieved a diagnostic accuracy of 88.89% for both antibody-positive and antibody-negative groups, significantly higher than the 66.67% accuracy of senior ultrasound physicians ( P<0.01). In external validation, CCH-NET achieved 75.00% and 66.67% accuracy for the two groups, compared to 50.00% by senior ultrasound physicians. For the control group, both methods achieved 93.33% accuracy. The AUC of CCH-NET was 0.848, outperforming senior ultrasound physicians (0.681) ,demonstrating superior diagnostic performance. Conclusion:The radiomics-based CCH-NET model, using non-nodular hypoechoic areas as a specific indicator, can accurately identify early SN-HT in euthyroid patients. It significantly outperforms senior ultrasound physicians, improving diagnostic accuracy and reducing missed diagnoses.

AIM:To explore the way and mecha-nism of cell death induced by Fructus Akebiae in non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)cells.METH-ODS:CCK-8,Hochest33342/PI staining,and colony formation experiments were used to detect cell via-bility and proliferation.Western blot was used to detect the expression of cell death-related proteins ATG5,HMGB1,GPX4,apoptosis-related proteins,and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway-related proteins.Flow cytometry was used to detect the apoptosis rate.DCFH-DA fluorescent probes were used to de-tect the levels of total intracellular ROS under a flu-orescence microscope.RESULTS:Fructus Akebiae significantly inhibited the cell viability and prolifera-tion of human NSCLC cells(P＜0.05).The expression of apoptosis-related proteins BAX,Cleaved cas-pase3,and Cleaved caspase9 in NSCLC cells was sig-nificantly increased(P＜0.05),while p-PI3K,p-Akt,and BCL2 were markedly decreased(P＜0.05).Fruc-tus Akebiae was found to clearly increase the apop-tosis rate and the levels of total intracellular ROS(P＜0.05).The antioxidant NAC significantly reversed apoptosis,ROS production and regulation of PI3K-Akt pathway related proteins induced by Fructus Akebiae(P＜0.05).CONCLUSION:Fructus Akebiae in-duces apoptosis via regulating ROS-mediated PI3K-Akt signaling pathway in non-small cell lung cancer cells.

AIM:To explore the way and mecha-nism of cell death induced by Fructus Akebiae in non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)cells.METH-ODS:CCK-8,Hochest33342/PI staining,and colony formation experiments were used to detect cell via-bility and proliferation.Western blot was used to detect the expression of cell death-related proteins ATG5,HMGB1,GPX4,apoptosis-related proteins,and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway-related proteins.Flow cytometry was used to detect the apoptosis rate.DCFH-DA fluorescent probes were used to de-tect the levels of total intracellular ROS under a flu-orescence microscope.RESULTS:Fructus Akebiae significantly inhibited the cell viability and prolifera-tion of human NSCLC cells(P＜0.05).The expression of apoptosis-related proteins BAX,Cleaved cas-pase3,and Cleaved caspase9 in NSCLC cells was sig-nificantly increased(P＜0.05),while p-PI3K,p-Akt,and BCL2 were markedly decreased(P＜0.05).Fruc-tus Akebiae was found to clearly increase the apop-tosis rate and the levels of total intracellular ROS(P＜0.05).The antioxidant NAC significantly reversed apoptosis,ROS production and regulation of PI3K-Akt pathway related proteins induced by Fructus Akebiae(P＜0.05).CONCLUSION:Fructus Akebiae in-duces apoptosis via regulating ROS-mediated PI3K-Akt signaling pathway in non-small cell lung cancer cells.

Objective:To investigate the factors that affect pelvic floor muscle repair in postpartum women.Methods:The clinical data of 100 patients who gave birth at the Third Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University between January 2021 and January 2024 and underwent pelvic floor muscle repair were analyzed retrospectively. Based on whether they received the repair, the patients were divided into a repair group ( n = 70) and a non-repair group ( n = 30). The clinical data of both groups were compared. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to analyze the main factors that influence postpartum pelvic floor muscle repair. A predictive model was constructed, and its predictive value for the effectiveness of postpartum pelvic floor muscle repair was evaluated using the receiver operating characteristic curve. Results:After pelvic floor muscle repair, total effective rate was 70% (70/100). There were significant differences between the repair group and the non-repair group in terms of age, parity, number of pregnancies, prenatal body mass index (BMI), neonatal body weight, mode of pelvic floor muscle repair, delivery mode, relaxin level, elastin level, pelvic floor muscle strength classification, degree of stress urinary incontinence, and training compliance (all P < 0.05). Multivariate analysis results indicated that age, prenatal BMI, parity, number of pregnancies, neonatal body weight, pelvic floor muscle strength grading, training compliance, relaxin level, and elastin level were independent influential factors for the effectiveness of postpartum pelvic floor muscle repair. The model can be represented as: Y = 1.253 × age + 0.131 × prenatal BMI + 1.313 × parity + 2.603 × number of pregnancies + 0.559 × neonatal body weight -1.512 × pelvic floor muscle strength grading + 1.271 × training compliance + 0.404 × relaxin level -9.945 × elastin level -4.015. The receiver operating characteristic curve results showed that the area under the curve values for age, prenatal BMI, parity, number of pregnancies, neonatal body weight, pelvic floor muscle strength grading, training compliance, relaxin level, and elastin level in predicting the effectiveness of postpartum pelvic floor muscle repair were 0.650, 0.634, 0.657, 0.786, 0.610, 0.783, 0.645, 0.949, and 0.991, respectively. The area under the curve values for relaxin and elastin levels exceeded 0.9, with the corresponding sensitivity and specificity for relaxin level being 90.00% and 92.90%, respectively, and for elastin level being 100.00% and 95.70%, respectively. Conclusions:Age, prenatal BMI, parity, number of pregnancies, neonatal body weight, pelvic floor muscle strength grading, training compliance, relaxin level, and elastin level are factors that affect the effectiveness of postpartum pelvic floor muscle repair. These factors have certain predictive value for the effectiveness of pelvic floor muscle repair, with relaxin and elastin levels showing particularly high predictive value. Clinically, this information can be used to develop a reasonable pelvic floor muscle repair plan for postpartum women.

Ferroptosis, an iron-dependent form of regulated cell death driven by lipid peroxidation, has been recently identified as a key role in Parkinson's disease (PD) pathogenesis. In particular, lipid peroxidation-mediated ferroptosis is considered a key event leading to the death of dopaminergic neurons. This article reviews the role of lipid peroxidation-mediated ferroptosis in PD and its involved key signaling pathways, and explores the related targeted therapeutic strategies, with the aim of providing new ideas for targeted treatment of PD.