Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease （MAFLD） has become one of the most prevalent chronic liver diseases worldwide， posing a serious challenge to public health. In this context， the integration of artificial intelligence （AI）， especially intelligent diagnosis and treatment and digital health interventions based on machine learning， can break through the limitations of traditional methods， realize efficient screening of multi-dimensional data such as key genes， biomarkers， and biochemical metabolites， and achieve revolutionary breakthroughs in risk prediction， subtype identification， and therapeutic effect assessment for MAFLD. This article systematically reviews the ground-breaking application of machine learning models in driving the innovation of clinical diagnosis and precise risk prediction of MAFLD， conducts a comprehensive comparative analysis of digital health practice cases of MAFLD in China and globally， and deeply analyzes their advantages and limitations in terms of research subjects， interventions， and management team. Studies have shown that the deep integration of digital health and long-term management of MAFLD is becoming the key engine driving the transformation of disease management modes towards an intelligent， individualized， and precise era， but there are various ethical and technical issues that need to be addressed urgently.

Objective To examine the effect and mechanism of Duhuo Jisheng Decoction on lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration.Methods In total,105 Sprague-Dawley(SD)rats were randomly assigned to seven groups:sham operation group,model group,Duhuo Jisheng Decoction 1,rapamycin group,rapamycin+Duhuo Jisheng Decoction group,MHY1485 group,and MHY1485+Duhuo Jisheng Decoction group.Except for the sham operation group,the other groups underwent annulus fibrosus puncture to establish a lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration(IDD)animal model.After successful model establishment,a six-week drug intervention was performed,followed by MRI evaluation of the degree of disc degeneration.Samples of the L5-6 intervertebral disc were collected for HE and Alcian blue-nuclear fast red staining,and the degeneration of the nucleus pulposus and changes in the extracellular matrix were observed using light microscopy.Simultaneously,the expression levels of the downstream proteins of the mTOR pathway,p70S6K and 4E-BP1,along with the autophagy-related genes Beclin-1 and LC3,were assessed at both the protein and mRNA levels.Autolysosomes in nucleus pulposus cells were visualized using transmission electron microscopy(TEM).Results ①MRI showed disc Pfirrmann grade I in the sham group,and disc Pfirrmann grade Ⅲ-Ⅳ in the remaining 6 groups in L5-6 segments.②The degree of lumbar disc degeneration with histomorphological observation:MHY1485 group>model group>MHY1485 group+Duhuo Jisheng Decoction group>rapamycin group>Duhuo Jisheng Decoction group>rapamycin+Duhuo Jisheng Decoction group>sham group.Allan-nuclear red staining extracellular matrix proteoglycan content:sham group>rapamycin+Duhuo Jisheng Decoction group>rapamycin group>MHY1485 group+Duhuo Jisheng Decoction group>model group>MHY1485 group.③Relative expression of p-mTOR,p70S6K and 4E-BP1 downstream of mTOR signaling pathway:MHY1485 group>MHY1485 group+Duhuo Jisheng Decoction group>model group>rapamycin group>Duhuo Jisheng Decoction group>rapamycin+Duhuo Jisheng Decoction group>sham group,each experimental group varied significantly from the model group(P<0.01).④Autophagy-related protein Beclin-1 and LC3 expression levels:rapamycin+Duhuo Jisheng Decoction group>Duhuo Jisheng Decoction group>rapamycin>MHY1485 group+Duhuo Jisheng Decoction group>model group>MHY1485>sham group,and the content of each group was significantly(P<0.01).⑤TEM observation of autophagy levels in the cells of each group showed the formation of autolysosomes in Duhuo Jisheng Decoction group,rapamycin group andrapamycin+Duhuo Jisheng Decoction group.Conclusion Duhuo Jisheng Decoction can slow down the degenerative process of lumbar intervertebral discs in rats,and its effect may be linked to the suppression of the mTOR signaling pathway and the promotion of autophagy in nucleus pulposus cells.

Objective To examine the effect and mechanism of Duhuo Jisheng Decoction on lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration.Methods In total,105 Sprague-Dawley(SD)rats were randomly assigned to seven groups:sham operation group,model group,Duhuo Jisheng Decoction 1,rapamycin group,rapamycin+Duhuo Jisheng Decoction group,MHY1485 group,and MHY1485+Duhuo Jisheng Decoction group.Except for the sham operation group,the other groups underwent annulus fibrosus puncture to establish a lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration(IDD)animal model.After successful model establishment,a six-week drug intervention was performed,followed by MRI evaluation of the degree of disc degeneration.Samples of the L5-6 intervertebral disc were collected for HE and Alcian blue-nuclear fast red staining,and the degeneration of the nucleus pulposus and changes in the extracellular matrix were observed using light microscopy.Simultaneously,the expression levels of the downstream proteins of the mTOR pathway,p70S6K and 4E-BP1,along with the autophagy-related genes Beclin-1 and LC3,were assessed at both the protein and mRNA levels.Autolysosomes in nucleus pulposus cells were visualized using transmission electron microscopy(TEM).Results ①MRI showed disc Pfirrmann grade I in the sham group,and disc Pfirrmann grade Ⅲ-Ⅳ in the remaining 6 groups in L5-6 segments.②The degree of lumbar disc degeneration with histomorphological observation:MHY1485 group>model group>MHY1485 group+Duhuo Jisheng Decoction group>rapamycin group>Duhuo Jisheng Decoction group>rapamycin+Duhuo Jisheng Decoction group>sham group.Allan-nuclear red staining extracellular matrix proteoglycan content:sham group>rapamycin+Duhuo Jisheng Decoction group>rapamycin group>MHY1485 group+Duhuo Jisheng Decoction group>model group>MHY1485 group.③Relative expression of p-mTOR,p70S6K and 4E-BP1 downstream of mTOR signaling pathway:MHY1485 group>MHY1485 group+Duhuo Jisheng Decoction group>model group>rapamycin group>Duhuo Jisheng Decoction group>rapamycin+Duhuo Jisheng Decoction group>sham group,each experimental group varied significantly from the model group(P<0.01).④Autophagy-related protein Beclin-1 and LC3 expression levels:rapamycin+Duhuo Jisheng Decoction group>Duhuo Jisheng Decoction group>rapamycin>MHY1485 group+Duhuo Jisheng Decoction group>model group>MHY1485>sham group,and the content of each group was significantly(P<0.01).⑤TEM observation of autophagy levels in the cells of each group showed the formation of autolysosomes in Duhuo Jisheng Decoction group,rapamycin group andrapamycin+Duhuo Jisheng Decoction group.Conclusion Duhuo Jisheng Decoction can slow down the degenerative process of lumbar intervertebral discs in rats,and its effect may be linked to the suppression of the mTOR signaling pathway and the promotion of autophagy in nucleus pulposus cells.