As a traditional Chinese medicinal material， Citri Sarcodactylis Fructus is often used as medicine after steaming to reduce its pungency and give full play to its medicinal effects. By consulting the relevant literature， this paper intends to sort out the related researches on the processing history， modern processing standard records， flavor and meridian tropism， efficacy， processing and taking methods， processing technology， chemical composition， pharmacological effects and quality analysis of Citri Sarcodactylis Fructus. It is found that the processing methods of Citri Sarcodactylis Fructus in the past dynasties are mainly roasting， distilled into dew， aging， frying， salting and steaming， of which steaming is the most common. In modern times， steaming is mainly used in Guangdong and Sichuan. The descriptions of flavor and meridian tropism and efficacy of Citri Sarcodactylis Fructus in the past dynasties are basically consistent with the modern descriptions. Its taste is pungent， bitter and acidic， and it is warm in nature. It belongs to the liver， spleen， stomach and lung meridians. Citri Sarcodactylis Fructus contains volatile oil， flavonoids and their glycosides， coumarins and limonins and other compounds. In recent years， high performance liquid chromatography （HPLC）， gas chromatography-mass spectrometry （GC-MS） and ultra performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry （UPLC-MS） and other methods are commonly used for the chemical composition analysis. Citri Sarcodactylis Fructus has the activities of relieving cough， reducing phlegm， relieving asthma， anti-inflammation， anti-bacteria and anti-oxidation， etc. After processing， its volatile and non-volatile components， and pharmacological effects all have a certain change. However， the current research on processing of Citri Sarcodactylis Fructus is not in-depth enough. It is necessary to further analyze the material basis of steaming to reduce dryness， explore its dryness medicinal substances and dryness-effect quantitative correlation， so as to clarify its processing mechanism， and provide basis for the subsequent processing research， resource development and comprehensive application of Citri Sarcodactylis Fructus in the future.

New threats posed by the emerging circulating variants of SARS-CoV-2 highlight the need to find conserved neutralizing epitopes for therapeutic antibodies and efficient vaccine design. Here, we identified a receptor-binding domain (RBD)-binding antibody, XG014, which potently neutralizes β-coronavirus lineage B (β-CoV-B), including SARS-CoV-2, its circulating variants, SARS-CoV and bat SARSr-CoV WIV1. Interestingly, antibody family members competing with XG014 binding show reduced levels of cross-reactivity and induce antibody-dependent SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein-mediated cell-cell fusion, suggesting a unique mode of recognition by XG014. Structural analyses reveal that XG014 recognizes a conserved epitope outside the ACE2 binding site and completely locks RBD in the non-functional "down" conformation, while its family member XG005 directly competes with ACE2 binding and position the RBD "up". Single administration of XG014 is effective in protection against and therapy of SARS-CoV-2 infection in vivo. Our findings suggest the potential to develop XG014 as pan-β-CoV-B therapeutics and the importance of the XG014 conserved antigenic epitope for designing broadly protective vaccines against β-CoV-B and newly emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern.
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 ; Antibodies, Neutralizing ; Antibodies, Viral ; COVID-19 ; Epitopes ; Humans ; SARS-CoV-2/genetics* ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/genetics*

The adjacent anatomy of the pelvis is complicated, with digestive, urinary, reproductive and other organs as well as important blood vessels and nerves. Therefore, accurate resection of pelvic tumors and precise reconstruction of defects after resection are extremely difficult. The development of medical 3D printing technology provides new ideas for precise resection and personalized reconstruction of pelvic tumors. The “triune” application of 3D printing personalized lesion model, osteotomy guide plate and reconstruction prosthesis in pelvic tumor limb salvage reconstruction treatment has achieved good clinical results. However, the current lack of normative guidance standards such as preparation and application of 3D printing personalized lesion model, osteotomy guide plate and reconstruction prosthesis restricts its promotion and application. The formulation of this consensus provides normative guidance for 3D printing personalized pelvic tumor limb salvage reconstruction treatment.

Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a common clinical acute abdominal disease, usually with local complications such as pancreatic necrosis, pseudocysts, and abdominal abscesses, as well as systemic inflammatory response syndrome and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. It is dangerous, difficult to treat, and the prognosis is poor. Although significant progress has been made on the pathogenesis of AP, its specific mechanism is still unclear. In the past few decades, many studies have emphasized the role of oxidative stress in acute inflammatory response. This article clarified the role of oxidative stress in the occurrence and development of AP by introducing oxidative stress to break the cellular Ca 2+ balance, participate in the stimulation of transcription factor activation and excessive release of inflammatory mediators and introduces the application of antioxidant adjuvant therapy in the treatment of AP.

PET serves as one of the most advanced imaging modalities,and its development depends on the improvement of radiotracers.Among numerous positron isotopes,18 F appears to be the best radionuclide candidate for PET radiotracers by virtue of its favorable physical characteristics.18 F-labeled aromatic radiotracers have been widely investigated by researchers due to its special metabolic stability.However, the development and application of 18 F-labeled aromatic radiotracers have been limited due to lacking of radiochemical methods to obtain products with high selectivity,high radioactivity and high purity.This review focuses on the new labeling methods of 18 F-labeled aromatic radiotracers from the aspects of electrophilic and nucleophilic substitution reactions.

OBJECTIVE： To investigate pharmaceutical care of cancer pain therapy in medical institutions from Beijing area， and to provide reference for improving the quality of pharmaceutical care for cancer pain in medical institutions and formulating cancer pain therapy decision by public health administration departments at different levels. METHODS： Inspection results of standardized diagnosis and treatment for cancer pain were analyzed retrospectively in Beijing Pain Therapy Quality Control and Improvement Center during Feb.-Mar. 2018. Scoring results of pharmaceutical care （20 points） and its 5 sub-items （personnel participation， drug supply， drug management， outpatient prescription comment and inpatient prescription comment， 4 points each item） were analyzed statistically and classified according to hospital level and pharmaceutical care inspection results. RESULTS： A total of 64 hospitals in Beijing participated in the inspection， including 27 tertiary A hospitals （42.19％）， 21 tertiary B hospitals （32.81％）， 16 secondary hospitals or first-level hospitals （25.00％）. Pharmaceutical care in all hospitals met the inspection requirements with qualified rate of 100％. 52 hospitals performed excellently （81.25％）， and 12 hospitals were qualified for pharmaceutical care （18.75％）. Among 5 sub-items of personnel participation， drug supply， drug management， outpatient prescription comment and inpatient prescription comment， the average score of drug supply item was the highest （3.83±0.05）； the lowest was the personnel participation item （2.93±0.13）. The results of pharmaceutical care inspection in tertiary A hospitals （17.80±0.28） and tertiary B hospitals （17.78±0.30） were significantly better than those in secondary hospitals or first-level hospitals（16.16±0.50）（P＜0.01 or P＜0.05）； there was statistical significance only in the score of outpatient prescription comment among 5 sub-items（P＝0.026）. Total scores of the hospitals with excellent pharmaceutical care were significantly higher than those of the hospitals with qualified pharmaceutical care in terms of personnel participation， outpatient prescription comment and inpatient prescription comment （P＜0.01 or P＜0.05）. There was significant difference in the inspection results of pharmaceutical care among the excellent group， the qualified group and the unqualified group classified by the results of personnel participation item （P＜0.01 or P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS： The quality of pharmaceutical care for cancer pain therapy in medical institutions from Beijing area has reached the qualified level， but the participation of clinical pharmacists in cancer pain therapy and outpatient prescription comment still need improvement in further. The training of clinical pharmacists and information construction of narcotic drug management should be strengthened so as to improve the overall quality of pharmaceutical care for cancer pain.

Objective To study the effect of noise pollution on serum hormone and heat shock protein-70(Hsp-70)levels in rats. Methods Forty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into control group(normal), experimental group(further divided into 35,65 and 85 dB three groups), each group 10 animals, stimulated for 30 min once a day, continually stimulated for consecutive 20 days. On the 21st day of experiment,the serum noradrenaline(NA),testosterone (T),dopamine(DA)and Hsp-70 levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). Results Compared with the control group, the body weight of experimental group(35, 65 and 85 dB groups)was reduced by 23.45%,30.13%, and 35.64%, respectively The serum T and DA levels were decreased by 9.12%, 20.06%, 37.99% and 15.49%, 8.31%, 24.88%, respectively; while the serum NA and Hsp-70 levels were increased by 35.08%, 171.52%,197.86%, and 39.34%, 195.09%, and 285.25%, respectively. All the result showed a significant difference(P<0.01). Conclusions Noise pollution can significantly affect the serum levels of hormone and heat shock protein-70 expression in rats.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of blood concentration monitoring of cylosporin A(CsA) in patients with nephrotic syndrome(NS)on efficacy and safety. METHODS:The medical records of 154 NS patients receiving CsA and blood concentration monitoring in nephrology department of China-Japan Friendship Hospital during Jan. 2014-Aug. 2017 were analyzed retrospectively. The results of blood concentration monitoring in 63 adult inpatients with refractory NS receiving CsA for the first time within 6 months of initial treatment were analyzed statistically. The relationship of blood concentration monitoring with efficacy and safety was analyzed. RESULTS:The blood concentration of CsA in 154 patients were monitored for 512 times with an average of 3.32 times/person,and average blood concentration was(125.98±105.13)ng/mL. The patients with blood concentration of CsA＜100 ng/mL accounted for 44.14%. There was no statistical significance in average monitoring times or average blood concentration between male and female,average blood concentration of CsA among different age groups (P＞0.05). The blood concentration was monitored for 237 times in 63 adult inpatients with refractory NS receiving CsA for the first time within 6 months of initial treatment(induction period). Average blood concentration of effective group were significantly higher than ineffective group;the proportion of effective group with blood concentration＜100 ng/mL was significantly lower than that of ineffective group,with statistical significance (P＜0.05). Among 63 patients,17 patients suffered from ADR (the incidence of ADR was 26.98%). The average blood concentrations of ADR patients were significantly higher than those without ADR;the monitoring times of ADR patients with blood concentration＞150 ng/mL was significantly higher than those without ADR,with statistical significance(P＜0.05). There was no statistical significance in the incidence of ADR between effective group and ineffective group (P＞0.05). Among effective group,there was no statistically significance in average blood concentration between ADR patients and patients without ADR(P＞0.05);the monitoring times of ADR patients with blood concentration＞150 ng/mL was significantly higher than patients without ADR,with statistical significance(P＜0.05). With the increase of monitoring times,the incidence of ADR decreased gradually. There was no statistical significance in the incidence of ADR among patients who were monitored for different times (P＞0.05). CONCLUSIONS:The pharmacokinetics of CsA varies in different patients and many factors affect its blood concentration. The changes of blood concentration affect the efficacy and safety of CsA. It is difficult to determine the dosage of CsA based on experience in the treatment of NS with CsA. Great importance should be attached to blood concentration monitoring of CsA and the implementation of individualized dosage regimen based monitoring results so as to improve therapeutic efficacy and reduce the occurrence of ADR.

Objective:To observe the analgesic effect of acupuncture and to explore its central analgesic mechanism in rheumatoid arthritis rabbits.Methods:A total of 60 flap-eared white rabbits were randomly assigned into a normal control group (n=6),a model group (n=6),a body-acupuncture group (n=24),and a buccal acupuncture group (n=24).The later 2 groups were further randomly assigned into 0,0.5,1,and 2 h subgroups,with 6 cases in each group.The rheumatoid arthritis model was established by induction of eggalbumin.In the body acupuncture group,bilateral Xiyan and Zusanli were punctured for 15 s while in the buccal acupuncture group,acupuncture was applied to Xi for 15 s,with the needle retaining for 30 min.The pain threshold was detected with PL-200,taking struggle movements of rabbits as a measurement index,response latency from irradiation to struggling movements as the rabbit's pain threshold.The contents of β-endorplhin (β-EP) and cholecystokinin-8 (CCK-8) in cerebrospinal fluid were examined by radioimmunoassay.Results:Compared with the control group,pain threshold and CCK-8 levels decreased significantly (P＜0.01) and the concentration of β-EP significantly increased (P＜0.05) in the model group.The pain threshold in the body-acupuncture group and the buccal acupuncture group at 0 and 1 h (P＜0.05 or P＜0.01) increased significantly,while the β-EP and CCK-8 contents in the bodyacupuncture group and the buccal acupuncture group were significantly higher than those in the model group (P＜0.01 or P＜0.05).Both β-EP and CCK-8 contents in the buccal acupuncture group at 0 h were significantly higher than those in the body-acupuncture group (P＜0.05).Conclusion:The analgesic effect of buccal acupuncture is superior to that of body-acupuncture.Both buccal acupuncture and body-acupuncture can effectively raise the pain threshold in acute arthritis rabbits,which is closely associated with their effects in the up-regulation of β-EP and CCK-8 contents in cerebrospinal fluid.

Objective To explore the clinical significance and gene mutation profiles of renal transplant patients with unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia (Gilbert's syndrome).Methods Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood samples of 8 renal transplant patients with Gilbert'S syndrome.UGT1A1 * 6 and UGT1A1 * 28 genotypes were identified through digital fluorescence molecular hybridization and DNA sequencing.Results There are 2 cases of UGT1A1 * 28 heterozygous mutant,3 cases of UGT1A1 * 6 homozygous mutant,2 case of UGT1A1 * 6 heterozygous mutant,1 case of UGT1A1 * 28 heterozygous mutant combined with UGT1A1 * 6 heterozygous mutant.Conclusion There is a higher heterozygous or homozygous gene mutation rate of UGT1A1 * 6 and UGT1A1 * 28 in renal transplant patients with Gilbert's syndrome.Genetic mutation of UGT1A1 * 6 and UGT1A1 * 28 may be the reason of Gilbert's syndrome after renal transplant.