INTRODUCTION: Pregnancy-associated breast cancer (PABC) is described as breast cancer diagnosed within pregnancy or within 1 year postpartum. PABC is becoming more common due to delayed childbearing, with older maternal age increasing the likelihood of tumorigenesis coinciding with pregnancy. Our review aims to outline the important principles of managing PABC, and discusses future fertility implications, genetic testing and postnatal considera-tions that are not often considered in other existing reviews. METHOD: A literature search was conducted using PubMed, Cochrane and Google Scholar databases. RESULTS: A persistent breast mass in pregnant women should be evaluated with a breast ultrasound. Total mastectomy is the standard treatment in the first trimester. Chemotherapy is contraindicated in the first trimesters, but can be given in the second and third trimester, and stopped before 35 weeks. Radiotherapy should be delayed until delivery, and hormone receptor therapy is contraindicated in pregnancy. A multidisciplinary team involving an obstetrician, medical oncologist and other allied health professionals is crucial. Delivery should be planned as close to 37 weeks as possible, and at least 3 weeks after the last chemotherapy cycle. Vaginal delivery is preferred, and breastfeeding can resume 14 days after the last chemotherapy regime. CONCLUSION A breast mass in a pregnant woman should not be dismissed. PABC must be managed by multidisciplinary teams at tertiary medical centres with access to surgery and chemoradiation therapies. Management strategies must include safe manage-ment and delivery of the fetus, contraception and future fertility planning.
Humans ; Female ; Pregnancy ; Breast Neoplasms/diagnosis* ; Pregnancy Complications, Neoplastic/diagnosis* ; Mastectomy ; Delivery, Obstetric

With Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma-Gypsum Fibrosum drug pair as the research object, supramolecular chemistry of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) was used to study differences between the compatibility of herbal medicine Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma with mineral medicine Gypsum Fibrosum and its main component CaSO_4·2H_2O, so as to preliminarily discuss the scientific connotation of compatibility of Gypsum Fibrosum in clinical application. A Malvern particle sizer, a scanning electron microscope(SEM), and a conductivity meter were used to observe and determine the physical properties such as microscopic morphology, particle size, and conductivity of Gypsum Fibrosum, CaSO_4·2H_2O, and water decoctions of them with Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma. An inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer(ICP-OES) was employed to detect the inorganic metal elements in Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma-Gypsum Fibrosum and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma-CaSO_4·2H_2O. Isothermal titration calorimetry(ITC) was conducted to quantify the interactions of Gypsum Fibrosum and CaSO_4·2H_2O with Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma. A Fourier transform infrared spectrometer(FTIR) was used to analyze the characteristic absorption peak change of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma-Gypsum Fibrosum and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma-CaSO_4·2H_2O. X-ray diffraction(XRD) was performed to determine the crystal structure and phase composition of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma-Gypsum Fibrosum and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma-CaSO_4·2H_2O. Further, glycyrrhizic acid(GA) was substituted for Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma to co-decoct with Gypsum Fibrosum, CaSO_4·2H_2O, and freeze-dried powder of their respective water decoctions. The results of XRD were used for verification analysis. The results showed that although CaSO_4·2H_2O is the main component of Gypsum Fibrosum, there were significant differences between their decoctions and between the decoctions of them with Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma. Specifically,(1) Both CaSO_4·2H_2O and Gypsum Fibrosum were amorphous fibrous. However, the particle size and conductivity were significantly different between the decoctions of CaSO_4·2H_2O and Gypsum Fibrosum alone.(2) Under SEM, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma-CaSO_4·2H_2O was a hybrid system with various morphologies, while Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma-Gypsum Fibrosum presented uniform nanoparticles.(3) The particle sizes and conductivities of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma-CaSO_4·2H_2O and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma-Gypsum Fibrosum were significantly different and did not follow the same tendency as those of the decoctions of CaSO_4·2H_2O and Gypsum Fibrosum alone.(4) Compared with Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma-CaSO_4·2H_2O, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma-Gypsum Fibrosum had stronger molecular binding ability and functional group structure change.(5) The crystal form was largely different between the freeze-dried powder of CaSO_4·2H_2O decoction and Gypsum Fibrosum decoction, and their crystal forms were also significantly different from those of the freeze-dried powder of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma-CaSO_4·2H_2O and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma-Gypsum Fibrosum decoctions. The reason for the series of differences is that Gypsum Fibrosum is richer in trace elements than CaSO_4·2H_2O. The XRD results of GA-Gypsum Fibrosum and GA-CaSO_4·2H_2O decoctions further prove the importance of trace elements in Gypsum Fibrosum for supramolecule formation. This research preliminarily reveals the influence of compatibility of Gypsum Fibrosum or CaSO_4·2H_2O on decoction phase state, material form, and crystal form, providing a basis for the rational clinical application of Gypsum Fibrosum.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal/chemistry* ; Calcium Sulfate/chemistry* ; Glycyrrhiza/chemistry* ; Crystallization ; Particle Size ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Rhizome/chemistry*

Metal ion-promoted chemodynamic therapy(CDT) combined with photodynamic therapy(PDT) offers broad application prospects for enhancing anti-tumor effects. In this study, glycyrrhizic acid(GA), copper ions(Cu~(2+)), and norcantharidin(NCTD) were co-assembled to successfully prepare a natural small-molecule, carrier-free hydrogel(NCTD Gel) with excellent material properties. Under 808 nm laser irradiation, NCTD Gel responded to the tumor microenvironment(TME) and acted as an efficient Fenton reagent and photosensitizer, catalyzing the conversion of endogenous hydrogen peroxide(H_2O_2) within the tumor into oxygen(O_2), and hydroxyl radicals(·OH, type Ⅰ reactive oxygen species) and singlet oxygen(~1O_2, type Ⅱ reactive oxygen species), while depleting glutathione(GSH) to stabilize reactive oxygen species and alleviate tumor hypoxia. In vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated that NCTD Gel exhibited significant CDT/PDT synergistic therapeutic effects. Further safety evaluation and metabolic testing confirmed its good biocompatibility and safety. This novel hydrogel is not only simple to prepare, safe, and cost-effective but also holds great potential for clinical transformation, providing insights and references for the research and development of metal ion-mediated hydrogel-based anti-tumor therapies.
Hydrogels/chemistry* ; Animals ; Photochemotherapy ; Humans ; Mice ; Antineoplastic Agents/administration & dosage* ; Photosensitizing Agents/chemistry* ; Neoplasms/metabolism* ; Female ; Copper/chemistry* ; Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism* ; Tumor Microenvironment/drug effects* ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Male

AIM: To investigate how angles kappa and alpha affect postoperative visual quality in patients with multifocal intraocular lens(mIOLs)implantation.METHODS: Retrospective cases series. A total of 46 patients(46 eyes)who underwent phacoemulsification were subsumed. The correlation between Preoperative angles kappa and alpha, wave-front aberrations and objective visual quality of cornea, internal, and total eye after surgery were analyzed using iTrace.RESULTS: The magnitude of angle kappa was negatively correlated with internal and total modulation transfer function(MTF)at 3 mm; the magnitude of angle kappa was positively correlated with astigmatism, trefoil, higher-order aberrations(HOAs)of both internal and total eye at 3 mm. The magnitude of angle alpha was negatively correlated with total MTF and total Strehl ratio at 3 mm. The magnitude of angle alpha was positively correlated with corneal coma at 5 mm, internal astigmatism at both 3 mm and 5 mm, and total spherical aberration(SA)at 3 mm. Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that, among candidate independent variables(kappa, alpha, astigmatism, SA, coma, trefoil, and HOAs), astigmatism is the only independent factor for altering corneal MTF at 3 mm and 5 mm; astigmatism and HOAs emerged as independent factors for altering internal MTF at 3 mm and 5 mm, and total MTF at 3 mm; astigmatism, SA and HOAs emerged as independent factors for altering total MTF at 5 mm.CONCLUSION: With greater preoperative angle kappa or angle alpha, patients who accept mIOL implantation tend to have larger internal astigmatism and HOAs, which resulting in poor visual quality, especially those with small pupil size.

Objective:To investigate the effect of polystyrene microplastics(PS-MPs)combined with high-fat treatment on vascular endothelial cells.Methods:Human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVECs)were cultured in the DMEM medium containing 5%fe-tal bovine serum.HUVECs were treated with conventional culture,high-fat treatment,and PS-MPs combined with high-fat treatment.The experiment was conducted in the three groups of control group,high-fat treatment group and PS-MPs+high-fat treatment group.CCK-8 assay was used to measure cell viability,F-actin staining was used to observe cell morphological changes,and flow cytometry,scratch assay,and tube formation assay were used to measure the apoptosis,migration,and tube-forming ability of cells.Results:After HUVECs were exposed to the high-fat environment,there was a significant reduction in cell viability,shrinkage of cells,a signifi-cant increase in cell apoptosis,and significant reductions in cell migration and tube-forming ability.Compared with the high-fat treat-ment group,there were no significant changes in cell viability,cell morphology,cell apoptosis,and cell migration ability after PS-MPs combined with high-fat treatment,but the tube-forming ability of cells was further impaired.Conclusion:High-fat treatment will affect cell viability,change cell morphology,and damage vascular endothelial cell function,and PS-MPs combined with high-fat treat-ment can aggravate the damage of vascular endothelial cell function.

Objective:To investigate the influence of the complexity metrics of the multi-leaf collimator (MLC) on the γ-pass rate of volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) plans for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).Methods:A total of 60 VMAT plans for NPC were selected to measure the γ-pass rate. The MLC data across all control points (CPs) in each VMAT plan were analyzed to calculate the mean field area (MFA), average leaf gap (ALG), small aperture score (SAS), and their corresponding weighted metrics including MFAW, ALGW, and SASW, considering dose weight (W). Pearson′s bivariate correlation analysis was conducted to examine the correlations between MLC complexity metrics and the γ-pass rate. Moreover, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was employed to assess the predictive efficacy of MLC complexity metrics on dose verification result.Results:Under the 3%/3 mm, 3%/2 mm, and 2%/2 mm criteria, the MFA in the 60 VMAT plans exhibited a positive correlation with the γ-pass rate ( r=0.82, 0.79, 0.72, P<0.05), and the MFAW was also positively correlated with the γ-pass rate ( r=0.83, 0.81, 0.75, P<0.05). The ALG manifested a positive correlation with the γ-pass rate ( r=0.82, 0.79, 0.74, P<0.05), as did the ALGW ( r=0.83, 0.81, 0.77, P<0.05). The SAS(0-1 cm), SAS(1-2 cm), SAS(2-3 cm), and SAS(3-4 cm) displayed negative correlations with the γ-pass rate ( r= -0.86, -0.82, -0.71, -0.84, -0.82, -0.72, -0.79, -0.79, -0.73, -0.30, -0.35, -0.42, P<0.05), whereas the SAS(4-5 cm), SAS(5-6 cm), and SAS(6-40 cm) showed positive correlations with the γ-pass rate ( r=0.49, 0.45, 0.33, 0.73, 0.71, 0.59, 0.79, 0.79, 0.76, P<0.05). The outcomes of SASW reveal slightly stronger correlations than those of SAS. In terms of correlations among complexity metrics, a positive correlation was observed between MFA and ALG ( r=0.98, P<0.05). ALG was negatively correlated with SAS(0-1 cm), SAS(1-2 cm), SAS(2-3 cm), and SAS(3-4 cm) ( r= -0.95, -0.94, -0.89, -0.39, P<0.05), and positively correlated with SAS(4-5 cm), SAS(5-6 cm), and SAS(6-40 cm) ( r=0.51, 0.77, 0.92, P<0.05). The weighted result mirrored these correlations. The ROC-derived analytical result indicate that MFA, MFAW, ALG, ALGW, SAS(0-1 cm), SAS(1-2 cm), SAS(2-3 cm), SAS(6-40 cm), SASW(0-1 cm), SASW(1-2 cm), SASW(2-3 cm), and SASW(6-40 cm) demonstrated exceptional predictive efficacy for dose verification result [Area under the curve (AUC) > 0.9, P<0.05]. Conclusions:The γ-pass rate of VMAT plans for NPC is strongly correlated with MLC complexity metrics, which demonstrate excellent predictive efficacy for dose verification result. The increased uncertainty in dose calculations and measurements caused by narrow fields generated by the MLC is a significant factor contributing to the reduced γ-pass rate of VMAT plans. This finding is associated with discrepancies in the precision of treatment planning system (TPS) modeling and the accuracy of dose verification tools, providing a reference for similar challenges.

Objective:To investigate the differences in dosimetric parameters for target volumes and organs at risk (OARs), radiation doses to reconstructed tissues, and beam-on time in radiotherapy among helical tomotherapy (HT), volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT), and fixed-field intensity-modulated radiotherapy (F_IMRT) following immediate breast reconstruction for breast cancer, thereby providing a reference for the selection of clinical radiotherapy techniques.Methods:This study retrospectively investigated 15 breast cancer patients who underwent radiotherapy following modified radical mastectomy and immediate breast reconstruction at the Liuzhou Worker′s Hospital from August 2018 to July 2023. During target volume delineation, precautions were taken to avoid the reconstructed tissues, which were delineated separately. Customized HT, VMAT, and F_IMRT treatment plans were designed for each patient. The plans were categorized into the HT, VMAT, and F_IMRT groups based on different radiotherapy techniques employed. They were comparatively analyzed through one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), with multiple comparisons further conducted in the case of significant differences.Results:Statistical analyses reveal significant differences in various parameters of target volumes among the three groups of plans ( F = 38.73, 14.95, 37.01, 48.05, 35.55, 22.56, 34.30, P < 0.05). Pairwise comparisons indicate that the maximum dose ( D2%), minimum dose ( D98%), mean dose ( Dmean), and the proportion of high-dose volumes within the target volume ( V107%and V110%) in both the HT and VMAT groups were significantly better than those in the F_IMRT group. The HT group demonstrated the optimal conformity index (CI), while the VMAT group displayed the superior homogeneity index (HI) compared to the other two groups. In terms of OAR, the V20 of the ipsilateral lung was the lowest in the HT group ( F = 14.31, P < 0.05) and the highest in the F_IMRT group ( F = 14.31, P < 0.05). However, the V5 and Dmean for both the ipsilateral and contralateral lungs in the HT group significantly surpassed those of the other groups ( F = 39.16, 31.91, P < 0.05). The mean dose Dmean ( F = 5.57, P < 0.05) of the contralateral breast was significantly reduced in the VMAT group compared to the other two groups. No statistically significant differences were observed for other OARs, including the heart, spinal cord PRV, thyroid, and humeral head ( P > 0.05). The radiation doses to reconstructed tissues ( Dmax, V53.5, Dmean) ascended in the order of HT, VMAT, and F_IMRT groups ( F = 17.69, 17.53, 15.11, P < 0.05). The HT and F_IMRT groups showed similar beam-on times ( P > 0.05), both exceeding that of the VMAT group by several folds ( F = 28.72, P < 0.05). Conclusions:The comparative analysis indicates that the three radiotherapy techniques exhibit distinct advantages and limitations, with F_IMRT demonstrating the least comprehensive advantage. HT can enhance the conformity of target volumes while reducing the overall radiation doses to reconstructed tissues and the crucial indicator V20 in the ipsilateral lung. VMAT demonstrates the highest treatment efficiency, yielding improved dose uniformity in the target volume and reduced radiation doses to the contralateral breast. It is advisable to prioritize HT or VMAT based on actual clinical conditions.

Objective:This study aims to explore the predictive value of the ratio of caliceal pelvic height to infundibular length（CPH/IL）for the stone-free rate（SFR）in the treatment of lower calyx stones using flexible ureteroscopic lithotripsy（FURL）combined with a distally bendable negative pressure suction sheath.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data and anatomical parameters of 312 patients with lower calyx stones or combined lower calyx stones admitted to the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University from September 2022 to December 2023，all of whom were treated with FURL combined with a distally bendable negative pressure suction sheath. Stone clearance was defined as no residual stones or residual stones with a diameter of ≤3 mm without any symptoms. Patients were divided into the clearance group（265 cases，84.90%）and the non-clearance group（47 cases，15.10%）. There were no significant differences in gender（male/female：173/92 cases vs. 29/18 cases），age［（44.69 ± 13.14）years vs.（42.60 ± 10.93）years］，degree of hydronephrosis（no hydronephrosis/mild hydronephrosis/moderate to severe hydronephrosis：122/85/58 cases vs. 21/12/14 cases），side of lower calyx stones（left/right：157/108 cases vs. 31/16 cases），maximum diameter of stones（MDS）［（19.23 ± 6.41）mm vs.（17.77 ± 6.18）mm］，and CT value of stones［（993.46 ± 249.12）Hu vs.（1013.43 ± 300.90）Hu］between the two groups（ P > 0.05），indicating comparability between groups. There was no significant difference in the distance from the midpoint of the lower lip of the renal pelvis to the ureter at the lowest plane of the lower calyx（K-A line）between the clearance and non-clearance groups［（26.16 ± 5.18）mm vs.（25.70 ± 8.66）mm， P > 0.05］. However，significant differences were observed in the infundibulopelvic angle（IPA）［（53.97 ± 15.72）° vs.（37.43 ± 15.39）°］，infundibular length（IL）［（27.26 ± 5.11）mm vs.（33.04 ± 7.38）mm］，infundibular width（IW）［（8.27 ± 2.82）mm vs.（7.09 ± 3.20）mm］，caliceal pelvic height（CPH）［（19.96 ± 4.63）mm vs.（30.32 ± 7.56）mm］，ureter-lower calyx distance（ULD）［（23.00 ± 5.59）mm vs.（18.78 ± 6.31）mm］，CPH/IL ratio［（0.73 ± 0.11）vs.（0.92 ± 0.09）］，and curvature of the lower calyx of the renal pelvis［（0.06 ± 0.01）mm -1 vs.（0.08 ± 0.03）mm -1］between the two groups（ P <0.05）. Univariate and logistic multivariate regression analyses were used to identify the independent risk factors affecting the postoperative SFR of FURL-treated lower calyx stones and to assess the value of CPH/IL for SFR in the treatment of lower calyx stones using FURL combined with a distally bendable negative pressure suction sheath. A logistic multivariate regression model and a corresponding nomogram were constructed，and the predictive ability of the model for SFR was evaluated using the receiver operating characteristic（ROC）curve. The calibration curve and the Hosmer -Lemeshow test were used to assess the consistency and accuracy of the model. The clinical utility of the model was evaluated using decision curve analysis（DCA）. Results:Univariate analysis revealed that seven anatomical parameters differed significantly between the clearance and non-clearance groups（all P < 0.05）：infundibulopelvic angle（IPA， OR = 0.27，95% CI 0.17-0.42， P < 0.01），infundibular length（IL， OR = 2.52，95% CI 1.83-3.47， P < 0.01），infundibular width（IW， OR = 0.64，95% CI 0.45-0.90， P = 0.011），caliceal pelvic height（CPH， OR = 5.78，95% CI 3.67-9.10， P < 0.01），ureter-lower calyx distance（ULD， OR = 0.43，95% CI 0.30-0.63， P < 0.01），CPH/IL ratio（ OR = 13.62，95% CI 6.86-27.03， P < 0.01），and curvature of the lower calyx of the renal pelvis（ O = 3.15，95% CI 2.08-4.78， P < 0.01）. Multivariate logistic regression further identified CPH/IL（ OR = 9.87，95% CI 4.92-19.79， P < 0.01），IPA（ OR = 0.41，95% CI 0.23-0.71， P = 0.001），and ULD（ OR = 0.50，95% CI 0.29-0.87， P = 0.014）as independent risk factors influencing the stone-free rate after flexible ureteroscopic lithotripsy combined with a distally bendable negative-pressure suction sheath. The area under the ROC curve（AUC）of the univariate regression model showed that for IPA，the AUC was 0.788（95% CI 0.711-0.864）；for IL，it was 0.731（95% CI 0.643-0.819）；for ULD，it was 0.677（95% CI 0.586-0.767）；for CPH，it was 0.867（95% CI 0.804-0.929）；for IW，it was 0.628（95% CI 0.535-0.721）；for CPH/IL，it was 0.906（95% CI 0.850-0.961）with an optimal cutoff value of 0.882，corresponding to a sensitivity of 83.02% and a specificity of 92.08%；and for curvature of the lower calyx of the renal pelvis，it was 0.744（95% CI 0.662-0.827）. The AUC of the multivariate regression model was 0.929（95% CI 0.884-0.974）with an optimal cutoff value of 0.364，corresponding to a sensitivity of 82.98% and a specificity of 95.09%. Calibration curves demonstrated close agreement between the predicted and actual stone-free rates after FURL（C-index = 0.921）. The Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test indicated no significant discrepancy between predicted and observed probabilities（ P = 0.135，>0.05）. Decision-curve analysis further revealed that basing clinical decisions on the model ，s predicted probability yields a higher net clinical benefit than either withholding FURL for all patients or treating all patients regardless of risk，and it also outperforms strategies guided by any single independent predictor alone. Conclusions:IPA，IL，IW，CPH，ULD，CPH/IL ratio，and curvature of the lower calyx of the renal pelvis can all predict the postoperative SFR of FURL combined with a distally bendable negative pressure suction sheath for the treatment of lower calyx stones to varying degrees. Among them，CPH/IL has the highest predictive value. When CPH/IL >0.88，it may be difficult to use FURL to treat lower calyx stones.

Osteoporosis is a systemic disease characterized by imbalanced bone metabolism and destruction of bone microstructure, with reduced bone density, decreased bone quality, and significantly increased risk of fracture as its hallmarks. At present, osteoporosis is primarily diagnosed through bone density measurement. However, this method has low sensitivity and is challenging for the early diagnosis of osteoporosis. We analyzed osteoporosis-related metabolomics studies based on blood, urine, and fecal samples, as well as the application of multi-omics approaches in elucidating its pathogenesis. Evidence suggests that metabolomics can detect metabolic alterations prior to measurable changes in bone mineral density, offering promising avenues for early osteoporosis detection. Blood-based metabolomics studies indicate that amino acid metabolism dysregulation is a key feature of osteoporosis. Specifically, glycine, glutamine, lysine, and hydroxyproline exhibit negative correlations with bone mineral density, whereas tryptophan, branched-chain amino acids, and arginine show positive associations. Lipid metabolism disturbances are characterized by increased levels of phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, and triglycerides, alongside decreased levels of sphingomyelin and carnitine. Fecal metabolomics studies highlight the significance of the "gut-bone axis" in osteoporosis, where gut microbiota dysbiosis influences bone metabolism through modulation of arginine and proline metabolism and aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis pathways. Multi-omics approaches integrate metabolomics, genomics, proteomics, and other omics data to provide a more comprehensive understanding of osteoporosis' molecular mechanisms, enabling the identification of key biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Metabolomics holds considerable potential for early diagnosis, while multi-omics integration offers novel insights into the complex pathophysiological mechanisms underlying osteoporosis. As detection technologies and analytical methods continue to advance, omics-based strategies are expected to play a pivotal role in the development of precision medicine for osteoporosis.

In this work,four salicylhydrazone compounds(L1?L4)were designed and synthesized by using vanillin derivatives as raw material.The structures were confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)and high-resolution mass spectrometry(HRMS).The optical experiments showed that probe L1 and probe L3 could be used as aluminium ion(Al3+)fluorescence probes.The fluorescence color of probe L1 solution changed from colorless to blue after adding Al3+,and the limit of detection was 25.1 nmol/L.Compared with probe L1,the fluorescence color of probe L3 solution changed from colorless to green after complexing with Al3+,and the limit of detection was 17.3 nmol/L.Probe L1 and probe L3 showed the advantages of fast response speed,high selectivity and good anti-interference.The mechanism of Al3+recognition was further demonstrated by HRMS and 1H NMR.Cell imaging experiments showed that probe L1 and L3 had low cytotoxicity and had great application potential in detection of Al3+in vivo.