Over the past two decades, genome-wide association study(GWAS) has identified numerous genetic variants and loci associated with heritable diseases. With the gradual maturation and saturation of GWAS methodologies, transcriptome-wide association study(TWAS) offers a novel perspective by linkinggenetic phenotypes to gene expression levels. By integrating TWAS with other multi-omics analyses, researchers can gain a deeper understanding of heritable diseases. This article provides an overview of recent groundbreaking and representative TWAS methods and tools, analyzes their strengths and limitations, and discusses future trends in TWAS development.

The occupational population in China faces increasingly complex health risks, with a growing burden of chronic diseases and multimorbidity. Based on data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS), this special column systematically analyzed trends in dietary structure, nutrient intake, and metabolic abnormalities among different occupational groups from 1989 to 2018, revealing the combined effects of occupational categories and dietary behaviors on multimorbidity risk. The findings highlight that rational dietary patterns and healthy behaviors are key modifiable factors. It is recommended to leverage workplaces as platforms for nutritional interventions and behavioral improvement, thereby improving health literacy among the occupational population. Furthermore, the establishment of a multi-sectoral health promotion mechanism is recommended to guide dietary optimization and lifestyle transformation, contributing to chronic disease prevention and occupational health protection.

Background With China's socio-economic development, the dietary structure of Chinese residents has gradually shifted from a traditional Eastern pattern characterized by high carbohydrate intake to a relatively high-fat Western dietary model, alongside a growing burden of chronic diseases. However, dietary changes may vary across different occupational groups. Objective To analyze the long-term trends in dietary energy and three major macronutrient intake among various occupational groups aged 18-59 years in nine provinces of China from 1989 to 2018, providing a scientific basis for developing occupation-specific dietary intervention strategies. Methods Based on 11 waves of data (1989–2018) from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS), 57458 employed individuals aged 18-59 years were selected as observation subjects after applying inclusion and exclusion criteria. Joinpoint regression was used to analyze temporal trends by calculating the annual percentage change (APC) and average annual percentage change (AAPC) with 95% confidence intervals. The analysis covered the energy supply ratio from the three major macronutrients and the proportion of the participants within the acceptable macronutrient distribution ranges (AMDR) for the total occupational population and specific occupational group. Results From 1989 to 2018, the dietary structure of the occupational population in the nine provinces gradually Westernized. The carbohydrate energy supply ratio showed a decreasing trend (AAPC=−0.77%, 95%CI: −1.00%, −0.55%, P<0.05), while the fat energy supply ratio increased (AAPC=1.42%, 95%CI: 1.07%, 1.77%, P<0.05). The protein energy supply ratio remained largely unchanged (AAPC=−0.19%, 95%CI: −0.08%, 0.46%, P>0.05), and the total energy intake declined (AAPC=−0.62%, 95%CI: −0.94%, −0.30%, P<0.05). Among the occupational groups studied, white-collar workers were the first to show characteristics of dietary Westernization. Using the AMDR as the criterion, their average fat energy supply ratio first exceeded the AMDR upper limit (30%) in 1993, and their average carbohydrate energy supply ratio first fell below the AMDR lower limit (50%) in 2006, both time points being earlier than other occupational groups. Agricultural workers lagged in this transition (their average fat energy supply ratio first reached ≥30% in 2011), but their rate of increase in the fat energy supply ratio was the fastest among all occupational groups (AAPC=1.59%, 95%CI: 0.90%, 2.30%, P<0.05; P for trend comparison between groups<0.05). The other three occupational groups (blue-collar workers, service workers, and others) generally fell between these two extremes. Taking the fat energy supply ratio as an example, their AAPCs of increase were 1.02% (95%CI: 0.73%, 1.32%, P<0.05) for blue-collar workers, 0.85% (95%CI: 0.61%, 1.09%, P<0.05) for service workers, and 0.88% (95%CI: 0.58%, 1.17%, P<0.05) for others. Conclusion From 1989 to 2018, the macronutrient structure of the occupational population aged 18-59 years in nine China provinces is gradually Westernized. The energy supply ratios of carbohydrates and proteins primarily face issues of potential inadequacy, while the fat energy supply ratio is excessively high. Furthermore, the patterns of change vary among different occupational groups. It is recommended to propose personalized dietary advice tailored to specific occupations.

Background With China's socioeconomic development, significant lifestyle changes have occurred among occupational groups, leading to alterations in cardiovascular metabolic risk factors. However, few studies have examined the secular trends of these risk factors in China's working population. Objective To analyze the trends in cardiovascular metabolic risk factors among the occupational population in nine provinces of China from 2009 to 2018, and to explore the associations between different occupational types and these risk factors, along with their clustering patterns, thereby providing evidence for targeted interventions. Methods This study utilized data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) in 2009, 2015, and 2018. The dataset covered 13274 employed individuals aged 18-59 years. Only participants with complete blood test results and physical measurement data were included in the final analysis. The average annual percentage change (AAPC) in the positive rates of risk factors was calculated using Joinpoint regression to analyze temporal trends. Multinomial logistic regression and binary logistic regression models were employed to examine the cross-sectional associations between occupational types (categorized as white-collar workers, agricultural workers, blue-collar workers, service workers, and others) and nine cardiovascular metabolic risk factors and their clustering (defined as having ≥2 risk factors) in 2018. Results A total of 8451 participants were included. From 2009 to 2018, significant increasing trends (AAPC>0, P<0.05) were observed for overweight, obesity, central obesity, borderline elevated triglycerides (TG), borderline elevated to elevated total cholesterol (TC), borderline elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), elevated blood pressure and hypertension, diabetes. The most rapid increases were found for obesity (AAPC=6.07%, 95%CI: 3.42%, 8.88%), hypertension (AAPC=4.10%, 95%CI: 0.62%, 7.77%), and central obesity (AAPC=3.27%, 95%CI: 1.24%, 5.36%). The clustering rate of risk factors increased from 62.3% in 2009 to 73.2% in 2018 (AAPC=1.87%, 95%CI: 1.02%, 2.73%). The cross-sectional analysis in 2018, after adjusting for confounders, showed that compared with white-collar workers, blue-collar workers had a significantly lower risk of overweight (OR=0.67, 95%CI: 0.48, 0.95), central obesity (OR=0.65, 95%CI: 0.45, 0.92), and borderline high TG (OR=0.54, 95%CI: 0.35, 0.82). In contrast, agricultural workers had a higher risk of hypertension (OR=1.76, 95%CI: 1.14, 2.72). Conclusion Between 2009 and 2015, the burden of most cardiometabolic risk factors increases significantly among the Chinese occupational population, with the rate of increase slowing by 2018. Risks vary across occupational types, among which blue- collar workers report lower target outcomes. Targeted interventions focusing on the rapidly increasing risk factors and high-risk occupational groups are recommended.

Background The global prevalence of obesity is on the rise and is closely associated with various chronic non-communicable diseases such as cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. There is a relative lack of long-term dynamic studies on compound obesity among occupational populations. Objective To explore the changing trends of compound obesity among different occupational groups aged 18–59 years in nine provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities) of China from 1993 to 2018, and to provide a scientific basis for formulating targeted weight management strategies for occupational populations. Methods A total of 34519 employed adults aged 18–59 years from nine waves of the China Health and Nutrition Survey in1993, 1997, 2000, 2004, 2006, 2009, 2011, 2015, and 2018 were included. Obesity types were determined according to the Chinese Adult Weight Management Guidelines. The Joinpoint regression model was used to calculate the average annual percentage change (AAPC) and annual percentage change (APC) of compound obesity rates. Results From 1993 to 2018, the age-standardized compound obesity rate among the occupational population aged 18–59 years showed an upward trend (AAPC=6.24%, 95%CI: 5.09%, 7.41%, P<0.05). The AAPCs (95%CI) for age-standardized compound obesity rates among agricultural workers, blue-collar workers, other occupational groups, service workers, and white-collar workers were 9.55% (7.51%, 11.64%), 6.18% (4.70%, 7.69%), 5.53% (2.27%, 8.90%), 4.07% (2.40%, 5.77%), and 3.89% (2.16%, 5.65%), respectively, with statistically significant differences (P<0.05). Among males, the AAPCs (95%CI) for age-standardized compound obesity rates among agricultural workers, blue-collar workers, other occupational groups, service workers, and white-collar workers were 11.52% (7.71%, 15.47%), 7.28% (6.18%, 8.40%), 5.92% (2.28%, 9.69%), 5.56% (2.11%, 9.12%), and 4.22% (2.33%, 6.15%), respectively, with statistically significant differences (P<0.05). Among females, the AAPCs (95%CI) for age-standardized compound obesity rates among agricultural workers, blue-collar workers, and white-collar workers were 7.45% (6.22%, 8.69%), 3.72% (0.84%, 6.67%), and 2.41% (0.17%, 4.70%), respectively, with statistically significant differences (P<0.05). A turning point was observed in the compound obesity rate among female white-collar workers in 2006, with an APC (95%CI) of 9.69% (5.24%, 14.33%) from 2006 to 2008, showing a statistically significant difference (P<0.05), while no significant trend was found from 1993 to 2006 (P>0.05). No significant trends were observed in the age-standardized compound obesity rates among females in other occupational groups and service workers (P>0.05). Conclusion The compound obesity rate among China's occupational population is increasing rapidly, with the growth rate among agricultural workers being particularly prominent. In 2018, male white-collar workers and female agricultural workers exhibit relatively high compound obesity rates, warranting focused attention. Although the overall growth rate among service workers is slower, the expanding workforce in this sector indicates that obesity remains a serious issue. Targeted occupational health and weight management interventions are needed in the future.

Background With rising obesity rates and earlier hypertension onset among occupational populations, there is an urgent need to elucidate the long-term cardiovascular impacts of dynamic body weight patterns. Current evidence lacks trajectory modeling studies examining occupation-specific prevention strategies. Objective To investigate the association between long-term body mass index (BMI) trajectories and incident hypertension risk in Chinese working adults, and to examine occupation-specific heterogeneity in this relationship. Methods A dynamic sub-cohort of 4 413 occupational participants was constructed from ten survey waves (1991–2018) of the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS). Eligible individuals had valid key BMI records at three or more independent follow-ups before the outcome event; the individual baseline was set as the year of their first participation in the survey. Group-based trajectory modeling (GBTM) was used to identify BMI change patterns. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for hypertension incidence across trajectory groups, with stratified analysis by occupational categories. Results Among 4413 occupational participants, 1441 incident hypertension cases were reported during the follow-up window. Three long-term BMI trajectories were identified: low-stable, moderate-slowly rising, and high-rising. In Model 3 with all selected confounders adjusted, compared with the low-stable group, the moderate-slowly rising group showed a significantly higher risk of incident hypertension (HR=1.28, 95%CI: 1.12, 1.45; P < 0.001), as did the high-increasing group (HR=1.80, 95%CI: 1.45, 2.23; P < 0.001). The stratified analyses revealed occupational differences in the association. Among agricultural workers, the moderate-slowly rising group (HR=1.35, 95%CI: 1.15, 1.57) and the high-rising group (HR=2.00, 95%CI: 1.50, 2.66) both exhibited significantly increased risks of hypertension (P<0.001). Conversely, among white-collar workers, an increased risk of hypertension was observed only in the high-rising group (HR=1.97, 95%CI: 1.23, 3.17; P<0.05). Conclusion Rapid BMI escalation constitutes a significant risk factor for incident hypertension in occupational populations. Targeted long-term weight monitoring and tailored interventions are recommended for high-risk occupations.

Objective: To analyze the independent and interaction effects of daytime outdoor light exposure and moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) duration on sleep quality of primary school students, so as to provide scientific evidence for interventions on children s sleep health. Methods: From April to June 2024, a total of 444 students from grades 3 and 4 in 2 primary schools in Jiading District, Shanghai were selected using stratified random cluster sampling method for continuous 7 day monitoring. Wearable devices "Clouclip" were used to monitor daytime outdoor activity time (represented by time with light intensity ≥ 1 000 lx ), and accelerometers were used to monitor MVPA time and sleep quality related indicators. Multiple linear regression was used to analyze the associations of daytime outdoor activity and MVPA with sleep quality. Results: Both daytime outdoor light exposure and MVPA duration(longer actual sleep duration per night,longer time in bed,fewer awakening and shorter post sleep awakening shic) were independently associated with multiple sleep indicators( β =0.52, 0.46, -0.83, -2.19, all P <0.05), with no significant interaction between the associations ( P >0.05). After controlling for MVPA, more daytime outdoor light exposure was significantly and independently associated with longer actual sleep time ( β =0.50, 95% CI =0.21-0.79, P <0.05). After controlling for light exposure, longer MVPA duration was independently associated with shorter post-sleep awakening duration ( β=-4.15, 95% CI = -6.33 to -1.96, P <0.05). Conclusion Increased daytime outdoor activity and MVPA are both associated with better sleep quality in primary school students.

With the rapid aging of the global population, the demand for prosthodontic rehabilitation of partial edentulism continues to increase. Among the available treatment options, removable partial dentures remain an essential clinical modality for restoring partially edentulous arches and masticatory function because of their broad indications, minimal invasiveness, and cost-effectiveness. However, unlike fixed prosthodontics, which have undergone substantial digitalization, removable partial denture therapy is characterized by dual tooth-tissue support, complex biomechanics, and highly variable anatomical morphology. As a result, the digital design and fabrication of removable partial dentures have long faced major bottlenecks, including limited standardization, steep learning curves, and heavy dependence on expert experience. In recent years, artificial intelligence (AI) has undergone a paradigm shift from early expert systems to machine learning and deep learning, creating new opportunities to address the complexity and precision demands of removable partial denture design. Based on a comprehensive literature review and our team's clinical experience, this article systematically elaborates on the specific applications and normative standards of AI throughout the entire removable partial denture fabrication workflow. In the data acquisition phase, we emphasize multimodal data fusion and digital pressure impression strategies. In the intelligent diagnosis and planning phase, deep learning is utilized to achieve the automatic identification of edentulous areas and undercuts, while machine learning and expert systems assist in abutment selection and treatment plan generation. Regarding automated design logic, the article analyzes the process from the intelligent planning of the common path of insertion to parametric design based on biomechanical optimization. At the clinical operation level, a standardized human-machine collaborative workflow of “AI generation-clinician review-local fine-tuning” is proposed. In terms of ethics and accountability, the principles of algorithmic transparency and “the clinician as the ultimate responsible subject” are emphasized. Furthermore, integrating clinical practice, this article innovatively proposes a “capability grading system for AI-assisted removable partial denture design (comprising the auxiliary analysis level, the rule-based design level, and the intelligent adaptive level)”. The aim is to offer practical recommendations for dental clinicians, dental technicians, and researchers, thereby facilitating the transition of removable partial denture prosthodontics toward greater precision, intelligence, and standardization.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of Sanjie Quban prescription （SJQB）-containing serum on the proliferation， apoptosis， migration， and invasion of human keloid fibroblasts （KFs） and to elucidate its underlying mechanism， with a focus on the aryl hydrocarbon receptor （AhR）/cytochrome P450 family 1 subfamily A member 1 （CYP1A1） signaling pathway. MethodsPrimary human KFs were cultured in vitro and assigned to the following groups： control （KFs+blank serum）， asiaticoside （KFs+asiaticoside-containing serum）， SJQB （KFs+SJQB-containing serum）， AhR agonist （KFs+β-naphthoflavone）， AhR inhibitor （KFs+CH223191）， and AhR inhibitor+SJQB （KFs+CH223191+SJQB-containing serum）. The optimal intervention concentrations were determined through the cell counting kit-8 （CCK-8） assay. Cell proliferation， apoptosis， migration， and invasion were evaluated by the EdU assay， flow cytometry， wound healing assay， and Transwell assay， respectively. The expression of transforming growth factor-β₁ （TGF-β₁） and α-smooth muscle actin （α-SMA） was visualized by immunofluorescence. The mRNA and protein levels of AhR， CYP1A1， TGF-β₁， and α-SMA were measured by Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） and Western blot， respectively. ResultsCompared with the control group， the SJQB， asiaticoside， and AhR agonist groups demonstrated inhibited cell proliferation， migration， and invasion， along with an increased apoptosis rate （P<0.01）. The AhR inhibitor group showed enhanced proliferation， migration， and invasion together with a reduced apoptosis rate in comparison with the AhR agonist group （P<0.01）. The AhR inhibitor+SJQB group exhibited increased proliferation， migration， and invasion as well as decreased apoptosis compared with the SJQB group （P<0.05， P<0.01）. At the molecular level， compared with the control group， the SJQB， asiaticoside， and AhR agonist groups presented upregulated protein and mRNA levels of AhR and CYP1A1 （P<0.05， P<0.01）， while the SJQB and AhR agonist groups showed downregulated TGF-β₁ and α-SMA expression at both protein and mRNA levels （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and the asiaticoside group displayed decreased protein level of TGF-β₁ and mRNA level of α-SMA （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Compared with both the AhR agonist and control groups， the AhR inhibitor group exhibited decreased AhR and CYP1A1 expression but increased TGF-β₁ and α-SMA expression at protein and mRNA levels （P<0.01）. In comparison with the SJQB group， the AhR inhibitor+SJQB group demonstrated reduced AhR and CYP1A1 expression （P<0.01） and elevated TGF-β₁ and α-SMA expression （P<0.05， P<0.01） at both protein and mRNA levels. ConclusionSJQB may activate the AhR/CYP1A1 signaling pathway to downregulate TGF-β₁ and α-SMA expression， thereby suppressing the proliferation， migration， and invasion and inducing the apoptosis of KFs.

Objective To explore the efficacy and safety of a zanubrutinib-based combination regimen as first-line treatment for patients with B-cell chronic lymphoproliferative disorder (B-CLPD). Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on 26 patients with B-CLPD, including indolent B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (B-iNHL), mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), and other unclassifiable B-CLPD, who were newly diagnosed and treated at the Department of Hematology, Zhongshan Hospital (Xiamen), Fudan University between January 2021 and January 2025. Patients were divided into two groups according to the treatment regimen: BR (bendamustine plus rituximab) and ZBR (zanubrutinib combined with BR regimen). Baseline characteristics, treatment responses, and the incidence of treatment-related adverse events (TRAE) were compared between the two groups. Results No statistically significant differences in baseline characteristics were observed between the two groups. All patients completed at least four cycles of treatment. There were no significant differences between the BR and ZBR groups in partial response rate (46.2% vs 53.8%), complete response rate (53.8% vs 15.4%), overall response rate (100.0% vs 84.6%), or TRAE incidence. After the first cycle, the lymphocyte count was higher in the ZBR group than in the BR group (P＝0.002); no other statistically significant differences in other hematologic parameters were observed at any treatment cycle. Conclusions In patients with B-iNHL, MCL, and other unclassifiable B-CLPD, the ZBR regimen demonstrates similar safety and response rates to the BR regimen. These findings support further investigation into the clinical value of ZBR as first-line treatment regimen in a limited course for indolent lymphoid malignancies.