Ribosomopathies encompass a spectrum of disorders arising from impaired ribosome biogenesis and reduced functionality.Mutation or dysexpression of the genes that disturb any finely regulated steps of ribosome biogenesis can result in different types of ribosomopathies in clinic,collectively known as ribosomopathy genes.Emerging data suggest that ribosomopathy patients exhibit a significantly heightened susceptibility to cancer.Abnormal ribosome biogenesis and dysregulation of some ribo-somopathy genes have also been found to be intimately associated with cancer development.The cor-relation between ribosome biogenesis or ribosomopathy and the development of malignancies has been well established.This work aims to review the recent advances in the research of ribosomopathy genes among human cancers and meanwhile,to excavate the potential role of these genes,which have not or rarely been reported in cancer,in the disease development across cancers.We plan to establish a theoretical framework between the ribosomopathy gene and cancer development,to further facilitate the potential of these genes as diagnostic biomarker as well as pharmaceutical targets for cancer treatment.

Objective To explore the optimal ratio of Baitong decoction based on efficacy,clarify its spectrum-effect relationship,and identify its potential quality markers.Methods An ulcerative colitis(UC)model in mice was established using dextran sulfate sodium.The efficacy of Baitong decoction with varying drug ratios was assessed by evaluating the apparent score,pathological score and inflammatory factor changes of UC in each group of experimental animals.The fingerprints of Baitong decoction with different ratios were established by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC),and the relationship between the content of each substance and its efficacy was analyzed by partial least squares regression to determine the potential quality markers of Baitong decoction.Results Baitong decoction was most effective in relieving ulcerative colitis when the mass ratio of Fuzi,Ganjiang and Congbai was 1∶2∶2.The fingerprinting identified 14 common peaks across 7 ratios,with 9 peaks were found to be associated with the remission of ulcerative colitis by partial least squares regression analysis.Conclusion The optimal ratio of Fuzi,Ganjiang and Congbai for treating UC is 1∶2∶2.The spectrum-effect relationship analysis suggested that the quality markers of Baitong decoction may be the substances represented by peak 2(benzoylaconine),3,5,6,8(mesaconine),9(aconitine),10(hypaconitine),13(10-gingerol)and 14.

OBJECTIVE To construct the simulated traditional Chinese medicine pharmacy based on virtual simulation technology， and assist in the development of the new mode of traditional Chinese medicine dispensing education training. METHODS The field research and questionnaire surveys were conducted to identify the needs of Chinese medicine students and practitioners for the content and presentation of knowledge on the construction of simulated traditional Chinese medicine pharmacy. Taking the laws and regulations on the construction of traditional Chinese medicine pharmacy and the related teaching materials and literature on traditional Chinese medicine preparation as the knowledge source， the virtual simulation technology was applied to build a simulated traditional Chinese medicine pharmacy so as to achieve the functions of browsing the traditional Chinese medicine pharmacy， learning the knowledge of traditional Chinese medicine preparation and practical skills training. A multi-site simulated traditional Chinese medicine pharmacy evaluation scale study was conducted based on platform operational testing. RESULTS A simulated traditional Chinese medicine pharmacy was constructed， consisting of four core modules： video teaching， animation video， simulated pharmacy， and simulated experience. The overall score of evaluation scale was 93.31， with all entries scoring above 80； the ones with evaluation scales above 90 accounted for 92.31% （60/65）. CONCLUSIONS Simulated traditional Chinese medicine pharmacy based on virtual simulation technology meets the learning needs of users and enhances the teaching effect of traditional Chinese medicine dispensing technology training.

Objective To explore the effect of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation(rTMS)on the symptom treatment of adolescent depressed patients and the regulatory effect of serum inflammatory factors and cranial nerve factors.Methods A total of 110 adolescent patients with depression were analyzed from May 1,2022 to May 30,2023,including 55 in the observation group and 55 in the control group.emotional intelligence scale(EIS),the Hamilton depression scale(HAMD)and World Health Organization quality of life bref(WHOQOL BREF)were used to evaluate the emotional intelligence,depression and quality of life before treatment and 1.5 and 3.0 months after treatment.Serum 5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT),glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP),brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF),interleukin(IL)-1β,IL-6 and transforming growth factor(TGF)-β1 were detected,and the protein expression levels of IL-1β,IL-6 and TGF-β1 in peripheral blood cells were detected by Western blot.Results After 1.5 and 3.0 months of intervention,the EIS score and WHOQOL-BREF scores in were increased,and the observation group was higher than that of the control group(P＜0.01),and the HAMD score was lower than that of the control group(P＜0.01).After treatment,the levels of BDNF,5-HT and GFAP in the observation group were higher than those in the control group(P＜0.01).The levels of IL-1β and IL-6 were lower in the observation group,and the levels of TGF-β1 were higher(P＜0.01).Conclusion rTMS stimulation can further down-regulate the expression of pro-inflammatory factors(IL-1β,IL-6)and anti-inflammatory factors(TGF-β1)and cranial nerve factors(BDNF,GFAP,5-HT)in patients on the basis of basic drug treatment,so the use of rTMS stimulation in the treatment of adolescent depression has certain clinical application value.

Objective To explore the mechanism of 3-methyladenine(3-MA)for alleviating early diabetic renal injury.Methods Mouse models of streptozotocin(STZ)-induced diabetes mellitus were randomized into model group and 3-MA treatment group for daily treatments with normal saline and 10 mg/kg 3-MA by gavage for 6 weeks,respectively.Body weight and fasting blood glucose of the mice were recorded every week.After the treatments,the kidneys of the mice were collected for measurement kidney/body weight ratio,examination of glomerular size with PAS staining,and detection of α-SMA and PCNA expressions using Western blotting and immunohistochemistry.SV40 MES 13 cells cultured in normal glucose(5.6 mmol/L)and high glucose(30 mmol/L)were treated with 24.4 mmol/L mannitol and 5 mmol/L 3-MA for 24 h,respectively,and the changes in cell viability and PCNA expression were examined using CCK8 assay and Western blotting.Bioinformatics analysis of the intersecting gene targets of diabetic kidney disease(DKD)and 3-MA was performed,and the results were verified by Western blotting both in vivo and in vitro.Results In the diabetic mice,treatment with 3-MA produced a short-term hypoglycemic effect,reduced the kidney/body weight ratio and glomerular hypertrophy,and decreased the expressions of α-SMA and PCNA in the renal cortex.In the in vitro study,3-MA significantly lowered the viability and reduced PCNA expression in SV40 MES 13 cells exposed to high glucose.The results of bioinformatic analysis identified AKT1 as the key gene in the therapeutic mechanism of 3-MA for DKD.Western blotting confirmed that 3-MA inhibited the phosphorylation of AKT and S6 in both the renal cortex of diabetic mice and high glucose-treated SV40 MES 13 cells.Conclusion 3-MA suppresses mesangial cell proliferation and alleviates early diabetic renal injury in mice possibly by inhibiting AKT signaling.

Objective To construct an intervention programme for breastfeeding among mothers of infants with congenital heart disease and to verify its effect.Methods Taking the capability-opportunity-motivation-behaviour model as the theoretical basis,the first draft of the intervention programme was formed through literature search and semi-structured interviews,and 8 experts in the relevant fields were selected to conduct expert validation and determine the content of the program.By the consecutive sampling method,infants and their mothers who attended the cardiothoracic disease clinic of a tertiary-level children's specialist hospital in Shanghai from 4 May to 24 June 2023,with a day-old age of≤14 d and a confirmed diagnosis of CHD,were selected as the study subjects.They were divided into an experimental group and a control group,with 16 cases in each group,by the method of randomized grouping by district.The experimental group received breastfeeding intervention for mothers of infants with CHD on the basis of routine care;the control group received routine care and basic disease education and breastfeeding counselling.At 1 and 3 months of the infants with CHD,the 2 groups were compared in terms of exclusive breastfeeding rate,daily human milk as a percentage of total feeds,weight for age Z-score and height for age Z-score.Results A total of 1 round of expert validation was conducted,with a valid questionnaire recovery rate of 100％and an expert authority coefficient of 0.94.The breastfeeding intervention programme for mothers of infants with CHD is a comprehensive approach that encompasses 3 key dimensions,including capability,opportunity,and motivation.The programme is designed to enhance mothers'ability to recognize feeding signals,master breastfeeding techniques,and maintain successful breastfeeding practices.It also addresses common breastfeeding challenges and provides effective solutions.Additionally,it includes strategies for breastmilk management and fosters family support for breastfeeding.The programme offers medical information support on breastfeeding and aims to elevate mothers'understanding of its benefits.It involves systematic monitoring and recording of breastfeeding volumes,as well as thorough assessments and guidance on infant growth and development,including but not limited to the 10 specific entries related to the infant's progress.The results of the generalized estimating equations and repeated measures analysis of variance revealed statistically significant between-group differences(P＜0.05)in the rates of exclusive breastfeeding,the proportion of daily human milk as a percentage of total feeds,and the weight-for-age(WAZ)and height-for-age(HAZ)z-scores of infants across the 2 groups at various time points.The results of simple effect analysis showed that the differences in exclusive breastfeeding rate,the proportion of daily human milk as a percentage of total feeds,WAZ and HAZ between the 2 groups before intervention were not statistically significant(P＞0.05).At the age of 3 months of the infants after the intervention,the rate of exclusive breastfeeding in the experimental group was higher than that in the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(P=0.003).The proportion of daily human milk as a percentage of total feeds for infants in the intervention group at 1 and 3 months of age was higher than that in the control group,with a statistically significant difference(P＜0.05).At 3 months of age,WAZ of the experimental group was higher than that of the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(P=0.037);HAZ of the experimental group was higher than that of the control group at 1 and 3 months of age after intervention,and the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).Conclusion The breastfeeding intervention programme for mothers of infants with CHD,constructed on the basis of the COM-B model in this study,was comprehensive,feasible and acceptable.Implementation of the programme has potential positive effects on increasing exclusive breastfeeding rates and the daily human milk as a percentage of total feeds,and may also have a positive impact on WAZ and HAZ of infants.

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) ranks the first among malignant tumors in China and even in the whole world. In recent years, the developement of genetic testing technology, particularly tumor gene sequencing, has provided a solid basis for the clinical molecular diagnosis of NSCLC, which has greatly increased the chances of patients benefiting from targeted therapy or immunotherapy, and ultimately extending their survival. Standardizing the use of tumor gene sequencing is crucial for the precision medicine in NSCLC. This paper discusses the normalization of tumor gene sequencing technology in the clinical molecular diagnostic pathway of NSCLC, which may promote the standardized use of tumor gene sequencing technology in targeted therapy or immunotherapy drug selection, toxicity and side effect prediction, efficacy monitoring, recurrence and prognosis evaluation of NSCLC patients. This article discusses the standardization of the application of tumor gene sequencing technology in the clinical molecular diagnosis pathway of NSCLC. Additionally, it offers a foundation for the uniform use of tumor gene sequencing technology in other solid tumors.

Objective To explore the mechanism of 3-methyladenine(3-MA)for alleviating early diabetic renal injury.Methods Mouse models of streptozotocin(STZ)-induced diabetes mellitus were randomized into model group and 3-MA treatment group for daily treatments with normal saline and 10 mg/kg 3-MA by gavage for 6 weeks,respectively.Body weight and fasting blood glucose of the mice were recorded every week.After the treatments,the kidneys of the mice were collected for measurement kidney/body weight ratio,examination of glomerular size with PAS staining,and detection of α-SMA and PCNA expressions using Western blotting and immunohistochemistry.SV40 MES 13 cells cultured in normal glucose(5.6 mmol/L)and high glucose(30 mmol/L)were treated with 24.4 mmol/L mannitol and 5 mmol/L 3-MA for 24 h,respectively,and the changes in cell viability and PCNA expression were examined using CCK8 assay and Western blotting.Bioinformatics analysis of the intersecting gene targets of diabetic kidney disease(DKD)and 3-MA was performed,and the results were verified by Western blotting both in vivo and in vitro.Results In the diabetic mice,treatment with 3-MA produced a short-term hypoglycemic effect,reduced the kidney/body weight ratio and glomerular hypertrophy,and decreased the expressions of α-SMA and PCNA in the renal cortex.In the in vitro study,3-MA significantly lowered the viability and reduced PCNA expression in SV40 MES 13 cells exposed to high glucose.The results of bioinformatic analysis identified AKT1 as the key gene in the therapeutic mechanism of 3-MA for DKD.Western blotting confirmed that 3-MA inhibited the phosphorylation of AKT and S6 in both the renal cortex of diabetic mice and high glucose-treated SV40 MES 13 cells.Conclusion 3-MA suppresses mesangial cell proliferation and alleviates early diabetic renal injury in mice possibly by inhibiting AKT signaling.

Objective To explore the association between iron metabolism indexes and the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM)in pregnant women with advanced age.Methods A total of 292 pregnant women,whose age were≥35 years old and gave birth in Taicang First People's Hospital from April 2021 to April 2023,were retrospectively included and divided into GDM group and non-GDM group.The differences of iron metabolism indexes[serum ferritin(SF),serum iron(SI)and hemoglobin(Hb)]measured from the 20 to 24 weeks of gestation were compared between the two groups.Multivariable Logistic regression model was used to explore the association of SF,SI and Hb with GDM.Based on the data of single nucleotide polymorphism from IEU OpenGWAS(http://gwas.mr-cieu.ac.uk/)and FinnGen datasets,two samples Mendelian randomization analysis were conducted to explore the causal relationship between iron metabolism indexes and GDM by using the methods of Inverse Variance Weighted(IVW).Results In the maximally ad-justed multi-factor logistic models,the statistically significant association between SF measured from 20 to 24 weeks of gestation and the risk of GDM was found[odds ratio(95％confident interval)=1.02(1.01-1.04),P=0.001].The association between Hb and GDM was marginally significant[odds ratio(95％confident interval)=1.04(1.00-1.07),P=0.044],but no association between SI and GDM reached statistical significance.However,Mendelian randomization analysis showed there was no significant evidence for causal association between SF,Hb and GDM.Conclusion SF examined at 20 to 24 weeks of gestation could be used as a biomarker of GDM in the pregnant women with advanced age,but no evidence supported the causal association between SF and GDM.

Objective To investigate the protective effect and molecular mechanism of bloodletting acupuncture at Jing-well points on acute high-altitude hypoxia brain injury through regulating PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway-mediated mitochondrial autophagy,and to provide an effective target and theoretical basis for the clinical use of bloodletting acupuncture at Jing-well points to prevent and treat acute high-altitude hypoxia brain injury.Methods Male SD rats were randomly divided into Control group(n=15)and experimental group,and the experimental group was divided into Model group(n=15),Bloodletting Acupuncture at Jing-well Points of hand group(BAJP group,n=15),Bloodletting Acupuncture at Non-Acupoint group(BANA group,n=15).The low pressure oxygen chamber was depressurized to 6000 m altitude,and the rats in each experimental group were treated with low-pressure hypoxia for 72 h to replicate the acute high-altitude hypoxia brain injury rat model.The rats in the BAJP group were bled according to the order of"Shaoshang"(LU11),"Shangyang"(LI1),"Zhongchong"(PC9),"Guanchong"(SJ1),"Shaochong"(HT9),"Shaoze"(SI1),once a day for 7 days.The rats in the BANA group were bled by cutting the tail tip daily,and the amount of blood bled was 15-20 μL in both groups.The expression levels of PI3K,AKT and mTOR in hippocampal tissues of rats were detected by Western blot;AKT and mTOR mRNA expression levels in hippocampal tissues of rats were detected by PCR.Results Compared with the Control group,the number of degenerative necrotic vertebral cells in CA1 area of hippocampal tissue,swelling of mitochondria,appearance of autophagosomes,and increase of apoptosis in hippocampal tissue of Acute High-altitude Hypoxia(AHH)rats were significantly increased;After bloodletting acupuncture at Jing-well points of hand treatment,various brain injury manifestations in AHH rats were alleviated;Bloodletting acupuncture at non-acupoint had no significant ameliorating effect on AHH rats′ brain injury.Western blot detected a significant decrease in the phosphorylation levels of PI3K,AKT,and mTOR in the hippocampal tissues of AHH rats compared to Control group rats(P<0.01),and the phosphorylation levels of the three molecules were further decreased after bloodletting acupuncture at Jing-well points of hand treatment(P<0.01),and bloodletting acupuncture at non-acupoint treatment did not have significantly affect on the phosphorylation levels of these molecules(P>0.05),and AKT,mTOR mRNA expression levels further demonstrated the above trend.Conclusion Bloodletting acupuncture at Jing-well points of hand can play a protective role against acute high-altitude hypoxia brain injury with points specificity,and the mechanism may be related to the inhibition of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway to promote the elevated level of mitochondrial autophagy,improve mitochondrial physiology,and enhance the body′s ability to resist apoptosis and hypoxia.