ObjectiveTo evaluate the effectiveness of exhalation-inhalation exercise on early pulmonary rehabi-litation for patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （AECOPD）. MethodsA total of 120 participants with AECOPD were randomly divided into a treatment group and a control group， with 60 participants in each group. The control group treated with conventional western medicine， while the treatment group received exhalation-inhalation exercise training on the basis of conventional western medicine treatment， with 30 minutes per session and 5 sessions per week. The course of treatment for both groups was 12 weeks. The primary outcome was the 6-minute walking distance （6MWD）. The secondary outcomes included pulmonary function indexes including forced expiratory volume in one second/forced vital capacity （FEV1/FVC）， percentage of predicted forced expiratory volume in one second （FEV1%） and percentage of predicted forced vital capacity （FVC%）， St.George's Respiratory Questionnaire （SGRQ） score， modified Medical Research Council （mMRC） dyspnea scale score， COPD assessment test （CAT） score， hospital anxiety and depression scale-anxiety subscale ［HADS（A）］ score， and hospital anxiety and depression scale-depression subscale ［HADS（D）］ score. Meanwhile， safety of all participants was recorded and assessed. ResultsDuring the treatment， 12 participants dropped out from both the treatment group and the control group， with 48 participants in each group finally included in the analysis. The 6MWD of both groups after treatment was higher than that before treatment， and the 6MWD of the treatment group was higher than that of the control group （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. After treatment， the SGRQ score， mMRC score and CAT score of the treatment group were lower than those before treatment， while FEV1%， FVC% and FEV1/FVC were higher than those before treatment （P＜0.05）. Moreover， after treatment， the FEV1/FVC of the treatment group was higher than that of the control group， while the SGRQ score， mMRC score and CAT score were lower than those of the control group （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. There was no statistically significant difference in pulmonary function indexes， SGRQ score， mMRC score and CAT score after treatment in the control group （P＞0.05）. No statistically significant difference was observed in HADS（A） score and HADS（D） score after treatment within and between groups （P＞0.05）. The incidence of adverse reactions in the treatment group was 6.25% （3/48）， and 0 in the control group， with no statistically significant difference between groups （P＞0.05）. ConclusionExhalation-inhalation exercise for patients with AECOPD in early pulmonary rehabilitation can improve patients' exercise tole-rance， quality of life， clinical symptoms and pulmonary function， with good safety.

BackgroundIndividuals with schizophrenia are prone to higher rates of hospital readmission， presenting significant clinical challenges and imposing considerable social burdens within the mental health domain. In recent years， various risk prediction models have been developed to forecast readmission in patients with schizophrenia and support clinical decision-making， but their predictive performance and clinical applicability require comprehensive evaluation. ObjectiveTo systematically evaluate the risk prediction models for readmission in patients with schizophrenia， so as to provide insights for the development of high-performance and highly applicable readmission risk prediction models for patients with schizophrenia. MethodsOn July 5， 2025， a systematic literature search was conducted across multiple electronic databases， including PubMed， Embase， Cochrane Library， Web of Science， CINAHL， CNKI， China Biomedical Literature Database， Wanfang Database， and VIP Database， to identify risk prediction models for readmission in patients with schizophrenia. The search period was from the establishment of the databases to July 1， 2025. Two researchers independently performed literature screening， data extraction， risk of bias assessment， and applicability assessment. ResultsA total of 9 studies were included in this review， encompassing 18 risk prediction models for readmission in patients with schizophrenia. Among them， 4 models reported the area under the receiver operating characteristic （ROC） curve （AUC）， ranging from 0.734 to 0.820， 16 models provided AUC values of 0.642–0.879 for internal validation， and 1 model demonstrated an AUC of 0.841 for external validation. Key predictors included disease duration and the concomitant therapy of antipsychotic medications. The risk of bias was assessed as "high" in all included studies. ConclusionThe development of risk prediction models for readmission in patients with schizophrenia remains in an exploratory stage. Although the model exhibits favorable predictive performance， it is associated with a high risk of bias and insufficient performance evaluation.

In recent years, the rising prevalence of obesity and its associated metabolic syndromes has emerged as a critical global public health concern. Sustained weight loss exceeding 10% of total body weight has been shown to ameliorate obesity-related comorbidities, including type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and hepatic steatosis. Recently, the potential of brown adipose tissue (BAT) to improve metabolism has garnered significant attention. However, evidence regarding weight loss therapies that promote BAT activation remains limited in preclinical models and is even scarcer in clinical studies, partly due to the paucity of appropriate BAT assessment techniques. This review aims to explore the potential impact of various weight loss therapies on BAT, with the goal of providing novel insights and strategies for the treatment of obesity.

Objective: To compare the in vitro quality differences of leukoreduced pooled concentrated platelets prepared from whole blood preserved at different temperatures and for various durations, determine the safe time window for refrigerated whole blood in platelet preparation, and provide experimental evidence for optimizing blood component preparation procedures and improving the comprehensive utilization rate of blood resources. Methods: A total of 324 units of 400 mL ACD-B anticoagulated whole blood were randomly divided into two groups and stored at 4℃ and 22℃, respectively. The buffy coat was separated at three time intervals: <6 h, 6-12 h, and >12 h (≤18 h) post-collection, and allowed to rest overnight at 22℃. On the following day, the buffy coats from each group were pooled to prepare leukoreduced pooled platelet concentrates (LPPCs). Cell counts were performed, and metabolic parameters including pH, glucose, and lactate levels were measured to evaluate metabolic status. Platelet in vitro function and activation were assessed by thromboelastography (TEG), platelet aggregation rate, and the expression of PAC-1 and CD62P. The differences between the two groups were compared. Results: For pooled concentrated platelets prepared from whole blood stored at 4℃ and 22℃ for <6 h and 6-12 h, there were no significant differences in platelet count, pH, glucose levels, lactic acid levels, thromboelastography (TEG), platelet aggregation rate, or platelet activation rate (P>0.05). With prolonged refrigeration time of whole blood, compared with pooled concentrated platelets prepared from whole blood stored at 22℃ for >12 h but ≤18 h, those prepared from whole blood stored at 4℃ for >12 h but ≤18 h showed a decreased platelet count (1 152.83±180.08 vs 1 368.83±134.86, P=0.040), a significantly increased ADP-induced aggregation rate (26.82±6.59 vs 13.88±10.21, P=0.030), and significantly elevated expression rates of PAC-1 and CD62P (72.64±6.74 vs 63.28±5.97, P=0.030). However, there were no significant differences in pH, glucose content, lactate content, or thromboelastography (P>0.05). Conclusion: There was no significant difference in the in vitro count, function, or activation of pooled concentrated platelets prepared from whole blood stored at 4℃ and 22℃ within 12 hours. However, statistically significant differences were observed between the mixed concentrated platelets prepared from whole blood stored at 4℃ and those stored at 22℃ for more than 12 hours but not exceeding 18 hours. These findings can provide a reference for the preparation methods and clinical application of refrigerated platelets.

Objective To investigate the biomechanical effects of implant-anchored retraction and intrusion of maxillary anterior teeth under different force systems using three-dimensional finite element analysis(3D-FEA),by constructing models simulating both normal periodontium and mild alveolar bone resorption.Methods Cone-beam computed tomography(CBCT)data from a patient with skeletal protrusion and gummy smile was utilized.3D finite element models integrating micro-implants anchorage(MIA)and a straight-wire ap-pliance for en-mass retraction of maxillary anterior teeth were established using Mimics,Geomagic,SolidWorks,and Ansys software.Six experimental groups were designed based on alveolar bone height and vertical positioning of posterior MIA.Groups A1,A2,A3:Normal alveolar bone height.Groups B1,B2,B3:Mild alveolar bone resorption.Posterior MIA were placed between the first molar and second premolar at vertical heights of 4,6,and 8 mm(relative to the cementoenamel junction),respectively,each loaded with 200 g retraction force.Anterior MIA between the central and lateral incisors delivered 50 g intrusion force.Stress distribution,anterior tooth displacement patterns,and torque changes were analyzed and compared across all groups.Results Under varying force conditions,greater torque loss was observed in the anterior teeth of the mild alveolar bone resorption group compared to the periodontally healthy group.Differential displacement patterns emerged among central incisors,lateral incisors,and canines when posterior MIA were placed at different vertical heights.The center of resistance in the resorption group shifted apically,resulting in undesirable extrusion and com-promised torque control during intrusion-retraction of maxillary anterior teeth.Conclusion Anterior torque control is more challenging in the alveolar bone resorption group than in the periodontally normal group.Elevating posterior MIA height promotes bodily movement of central incisors,thereby mitigating the ＂bowing effect＂ to a clinically relevant extent.

Objective To explore the impact of integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine on the overall survival(OS)of patients with biliary tract carcinoma(BTC),and to analyze the related factors affecting the OS of patients with BTC,so as to provide accurate prognosis assessment for clinical diagnosis and treatment.Methods The medical records of 198 patients with BTC in Henan Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from February 2018 to October 2023 were retrospectively analyzed.The Cox proportional hazards model was utilized to analyze the independent prognostic factors affecting the OS of BTC patients.Survival curves were constructed using the Kaplan-Meier method,and the Log-rank test was employed to compare median OS differences among various groups.Results A total of 116 patients with BTC were included.There were 59 cases(50.86％)in the Western medicine group,with a median OS of(14±2.77)months,and the 1-,2-and 3-year OS rates were 81.36％,61.02％and 46.11％,respectively.There were 57 cases(49.14％)in the integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine group,with a median OS of(29±3.91)months,and the 1-,2-and 3-year OS rates were 82.32％,67.64％and 58.00％,respectively.There was a statistically significant difference in survival time between the two groups(P=0.038).Univariate analysis indicated that age,clinical stage,surgical treatment,chemotherapy,targeted therapy,local therapy and integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine were significantly correlated with OS in BTC patients(all P＜0.05).Multivariate analysis revealed that age,clinical stage,surgical treatment,chemotherapy,targeted therapy,local therapy,and integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine had significant effects on the OS of patients with BTC(all P＜0.05).Conclusion The median OS of the traditional Chinese and Western medicine groups was significantly longer than that of the Western medicine group,and the long-term OS rate of the patients was significantly better than that of the Western medicine group.Age,clinical stage,surgery,chemotherapy,targeted therapy,local therapy,and integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine are independent prognostic factors affecting OS in patients with BTC.

Objective To observe the effect of specialist team-led walking-cognition dual-task train-ing combined with active self-disclosure on control and balance abilities in elderly patients with acute ischemic stroke(AIS).Methods A total of 90 elderly AIS patients treated in our hospital from January 2022 to January 2024 were enrolled and randomly assigned into the control group and the observation group,with 45 cases in each group.The control group received routine walk-ing training,while the observation group received specialist team-led walking-cognition dual-task training combined with active self-disclosure intervention.Control ability,balance ability,walking ability,cognitive function and psychological status were compared between the two groups.Results After intervention,the scores of Sheikh Trunk Control Scale and Fugl-Meyer Assessment(FMA),and the static balance score,dynamic balance score and total score of Berg Balance Scale(BBS)were significantly increased in both the observation and the control groups(P＜0.05),and all above scores were obviously higher in the former group than the latter one(P＜0.01).The two groups also obtained notably shorter single-and dual-task walking time after intervention,but there were no statistical difference in the single-task walking time in both groups before and after intervention(P＞0.05).After intervention,the observation group had significantly shorter dual-task walking time(22.87±7.36 s vs 27.52±8.71 s,P=0.008)and lower walking time cost of dual task[(11.16±4.07)％vs(25.61±7.82)％,P=0.000]when compared with the control group.After intervention,the scores of Mini-Mental Status Examination were increased,and the scores of Hamilton Depression Rating Scale and Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale were decreased in the two groups(P＜0.05).Conclusion Specialist team-led walking-cognition dual-task training com-bined with active self-disclosure intervention can effectively improve trunk control ability,balance ability,walking ability,cognitive function and psychological state in elderly AIS patients,has cer-tian clinical application value.

Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC),as the most common type of liver cancer,poses a significant threat to global public health due to its high incidence and mortality rates.This paper delves into the etiology,pathogenesis,and syndrome differentiation of liver cancer from the perspective of"dispersing qi and fortifying the body resistance",based on the clinical experience of renowned traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)practitioner,Prof.Changquan Ling.Prof.Ling believes that the development of liver cancer is closely related to the disruption of liver qi flow,the accumulation of blood stasis over time,and the generation of toxin from long-term stagnation,accompanied by pathological changes such as imbalance of yin and yang,deficiency of the body's vital qi and accumulation of pathogenic factors,and internal blazing of cancer toxins.In terms of treatment,he emphasizes the principles of dispersing qi and fortifying the body resistance,addressing both the root cause and symptoms.This is achieved by regulating the functions of viscera,improving the stagnation of qi flow,and supplemented by methods such as clearing heat and detoxifying,and softening and dispersing hard masses,aiming to break the vicious cycle of qi stagnation,deficiency of vital qi,and pathogenic factor generation,thereby promoting the recovery from the disease.Through detailed analysis of clinical cases,this paper demonstrates Prof.Ling's unique insights and significant efficacy in treating liver cancer through"dispersing qi"to"fortify the body resistance",ultimately achieving"tumor suppression".This provides new references and perspectives for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of liver cancer in TCM.

Jaws and alveolar defects present significant challenges in reconstructive surgery and implant restoration.Calcium phos-phate(CaP)bioceramics are commonly used as bone substitute and play a crucial role in repairing bone defects.Recent studies have shown that T cells play an important regulatory role in bone regeneration.The studies on CaP bioceramics and T cells,including their subpopulations,in bone regeneration,and the mechanisms through which CaP bioceramics regulate the behavior of T cells has been re-viewed.

Jaws and alveolar defects present significant challenges in reconstructive surgery and implant restoration.Calcium phos-phate(CaP)bioceramics are commonly used as bone substitute and play a crucial role in repairing bone defects.Recent studies have shown that T cells play an important regulatory role in bone regeneration.The studies on CaP bioceramics and T cells,including their subpopulations,in bone regeneration,and the mechanisms through which CaP bioceramics regulate the behavior of T cells has been re-viewed.