Hypertension is a major factor leading to cardiovascular events and death, and accurate blood pressure measurement is a fundamental means of evaluating blood pressure levels, achieving hypertension diagnosis, and observing antihypertensive efficacy. Compared to traditional brachial pressure, central aortic pressure (CAP) exhibits a stronger correlation with cardiovascular events. However, its non-invasive detection technology has not yet been widely adopted in clinical practice. In order to promote the clinical application of CAP and optimize blood pressure management, this article systematically summarizes the research progress of CAP estimation algorithms. These algorithms were categorized into three types: direct substitution methods, generalized model-based methods and personalized estimation methods. The characteristics and clinical adaptability of each algorithm were analyzed. The findings highlight that CAP estimation algorithms are moving towards personalization and non-linearity.
Algorithms ; Humans ; Blood Pressure Determination/methods* ; Hypertension/physiopathology* ; Arterial Pressure/physiology* ; Blood Pressure/physiology* ; Aorta/physiology*

Objective To explore the effect of the ratio of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C)/total cholesterol(TC)on no-reflow after percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI)in elderly patients with acute coronary syndrome(ACS)complicated with diabetes mellitus(DM).Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 206 elderly ACS patients complicated with DM undergoing PCI in our hospital from January 2018 to August 2024.The HDL-C and TC levels were detected by cholesterol oxidase test,and the HDL-C/TC ratio was calculated.Coronary angi-ography(CAG)was applied to evaluate no-reflow phenomenon after PCI,and according to the re-sults,the patients were divided into a non-reflow group(41 cases)and a normal reflow group(165 cases).ROC curve was plotted to evaluate the predictive performance of HDL-C/TC ratio for no-reflow after PCI in patients with ACS complicated DM.Results The no-reflow group had signifi-cantly higher TC and glycated hemoglobin A1c(HbA1c)levels and more balloon dilatations,but lower HDL-C level and HDL-C/TC ratio than the normal flow group(P＜0.01).Multivariate lo-gistic regression analysis showed that HbA1c(OR=3.196,95％CI:1.619-6.310,P=0.001),number of balloon dilatations(OR=3.504,95％CI:1.807-6.797,P=0.000),and HDL-C/TC ra-tio(OR=3.927,95％CI:2.0 73-7.441,P=0.000)were influencing factors of no-reflow after PCI in patients with ACS and DM.The AUC value of HDLC,TC,and HDL-C/TC ratio in predicting no-reflow after PCI was 0.842,0.726,and 0.922,respectively.Conclusion HDL-C/TC ratio is an influencing factor for no-reflow in patients with ACS and DM after PCI.The ratio at a cut-off val-ue of ≤0.21 has a certain predictive value for no-reflow after PCI in these elderly patients.

Objective:To evaluate the effect of remimazolam tosilate on postoperative delirium (POD) in elderly patients undergoing urological surgery.Methods:In this randomized controlled trial, 220 American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status classification Ⅰ-Ⅲ elderly patients of either sex, aged≥65 yr, with body mass index of 18-28 kg/m 2, scheduled for elective urological surgery under general anesthesia, were divided into 2 groups ( n=110 each) using a random number table method: propofol group (group P) and remimazolam tosilate group (group R). Group P received propofol 1.0-1.5 mg/kg for induction and propofol 2-6 mg·kg -1·h -1 for maintenance, while group R received remimazolam tosilate 0.2-0.3 mg/kg for induction and remimazolam tosilate 0.5-1.2 mg·kg -1·h -1 for maintenance. The other drugs for induction and maintenance were the same in the two groups. POD was assessed using the Chinese version of the 3-minute diagnostic interview for Confusion Assessment Method within 3 days after surgery in the two groups. The intraoperative consumption of remifentanil and usage of vasoactive drugs, extubation time, 15-item Quality-of-Recovery scale scores at 24 h after operation, requirement for rescue analgesia within 24 h after operation, and postoperative adverse effects were recorded. Results:There were no significant differences in the incidence of POD within 3 days after operation, 15-item Quality-of-Recovery scale scores at 24 h after operation, or rate of rescue analgesia within 24 h after operation between two groups ( P>0.05). Compared with group P, the requirement for intraoperative vasoactive drugs was significantly reduced, the extubation time was shortened, and the incidence of hypoxemia was decreased within 24 h after operation in group R ( P<0.05 or 0.001). Conclusions:Remimazolam tosilate has no marked effect on the occurrence of POD in elderly patients undergoing urological surgery.

In the pathogenesis of many neurological diseases such as epilepsy,immune responses and neuroinflammation play a key role and provide new directions for treatment.In the era of personalized medicine,with the reduction of anti-epileptic treatment resources,there is an increasing focus on the application of neuroimmunomodulators or anti-inflammatory treatments in epilepsy patients.Therefore,this article reviews the latest progress in the epileptogenic mechanisms related to immune activation or neuroin-flammation,with particular attention to current and potential new treatments for epilepsy in the future.Neuroinflammation can lead to various types of epilepsy,including structural,infectious,post-traumatic,autoimmune and hereditary epilepsy.In recent years,some emerging studies have identified multiple major molecular pathways in the neuroinflammatory process,which may become future thera-peutic targets for epilepsy.A variety of drugs that are currently known or under development have been proven to have the ability to inhibit or regulate immune or neuroinflammatory molecules in epilepsy,and some of these drugs are expected to become new options for antiepileptic treatment.

Objective:To evaluate the effect of remimazolam tosilate on postoperative delirium (POD) in elderly patients undergoing urological surgery.Methods:In this randomized controlled trial, 220 American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status classification Ⅰ-Ⅲ elderly patients of either sex, aged≥65 yr, with body mass index of 18-28 kg/m 2, scheduled for elective urological surgery under general anesthesia, were divided into 2 groups ( n=110 each) using a random number table method: propofol group (group P) and remimazolam tosilate group (group R). Group P received propofol 1.0-1.5 mg/kg for induction and propofol 2-6 mg·kg -1·h -1 for maintenance, while group R received remimazolam tosilate 0.2-0.3 mg/kg for induction and remimazolam tosilate 0.5-1.2 mg·kg -1·h -1 for maintenance. The other drugs for induction and maintenance were the same in the two groups. POD was assessed using the Chinese version of the 3-minute diagnostic interview for Confusion Assessment Method within 3 days after surgery in the two groups. The intraoperative consumption of remifentanil and usage of vasoactive drugs, extubation time, 15-item Quality-of-Recovery scale scores at 24 h after operation, requirement for rescue analgesia within 24 h after operation, and postoperative adverse effects were recorded. Results:There were no significant differences in the incidence of POD within 3 days after operation, 15-item Quality-of-Recovery scale scores at 24 h after operation, or rate of rescue analgesia within 24 h after operation between two groups ( P>0.05). Compared with group P, the requirement for intraoperative vasoactive drugs was significantly reduced, the extubation time was shortened, and the incidence of hypoxemia was decreased within 24 h after operation in group R ( P<0.05 or 0.001). Conclusions:Remimazolam tosilate has no marked effect on the occurrence of POD in elderly patients undergoing urological surgery.

In the pathogenesis of many neurological diseases such as epilepsy,immune responses and neuroinflammation play a key role and provide new directions for treatment.In the era of personalized medicine,with the reduction of anti-epileptic treatment resources,there is an increasing focus on the application of neuroimmunomodulators or anti-inflammatory treatments in epilepsy patients.Therefore,this article reviews the latest progress in the epileptogenic mechanisms related to immune activation or neuroin-flammation,with particular attention to current and potential new treatments for epilepsy in the future.Neuroinflammation can lead to various types of epilepsy,including structural,infectious,post-traumatic,autoimmune and hereditary epilepsy.In recent years,some emerging studies have identified multiple major molecular pathways in the neuroinflammatory process,which may become future thera-peutic targets for epilepsy.A variety of drugs that are currently known or under development have been proven to have the ability to inhibit or regulate immune or neuroinflammatory molecules in epilepsy,and some of these drugs are expected to become new options for antiepileptic treatment.

Objective To explore the effect of the ratio of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C)/total cholesterol(TC)on no-reflow after percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI)in elderly patients with acute coronary syndrome(ACS)complicated with diabetes mellitus(DM).Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 206 elderly ACS patients complicated with DM undergoing PCI in our hospital from January 2018 to August 2024.The HDL-C and TC levels were detected by cholesterol oxidase test,and the HDL-C/TC ratio was calculated.Coronary angi-ography(CAG)was applied to evaluate no-reflow phenomenon after PCI,and according to the re-sults,the patients were divided into a non-reflow group(41 cases)and a normal reflow group(165 cases).ROC curve was plotted to evaluate the predictive performance of HDL-C/TC ratio for no-reflow after PCI in patients with ACS complicated DM.Results The no-reflow group had signifi-cantly higher TC and glycated hemoglobin A1c(HbA1c)levels and more balloon dilatations,but lower HDL-C level and HDL-C/TC ratio than the normal flow group(P＜0.01).Multivariate lo-gistic regression analysis showed that HbA1c(OR=3.196,95％CI:1.619-6.310,P=0.001),number of balloon dilatations(OR=3.504,95％CI:1.807-6.797,P=0.000),and HDL-C/TC ra-tio(OR=3.927,95％CI:2.0 73-7.441,P=0.000)were influencing factors of no-reflow after PCI in patients with ACS and DM.The AUC value of HDLC,TC,and HDL-C/TC ratio in predicting no-reflow after PCI was 0.842,0.726,and 0.922,respectively.Conclusion HDL-C/TC ratio is an influencing factor for no-reflow in patients with ACS and DM after PCI.The ratio at a cut-off val-ue of ≤0.21 has a certain predictive value for no-reflow after PCI in these elderly patients.

Abstract: Objective To express Mycobacterium tuberculosis Rv2626c protein in Escherichia coli (E. coli) and study the antigenicity of the purified recombinant Rv2626c protein. Methods The amino acid sequence of Rv2626c protein from Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv strain (accession number: CCP45424.1) in GenBank was retrieved and converted into the corresponding DNA sequence according to the codon preference of E. coli. This DNA sequence was synthesized and cloned into pET24a(+) plasmid to construct pET24a(+)-Rv2626c recombinant plasmid. This plasmid was transformed into E. coli BL21(DE3) cells, and the expression of Rv2626c protein was induced under various conditions of isopropyl β-D-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG) concentrations, temperature, and period. The recombinant Rv2626c protein was identified by SDS-PAGE and Western Blot. The recombinant Rv2626c protein was purified by nickel chelate affinity chromatography and used to immunize violet blue rabbits to prepare anti-Rv2626c anti-serum. The specificity and titer of the serum were respectively detected by Western Blot and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results The recombinant plasmid pET24a(+)-Rv2626c was successfully constructed. SDS-PAGE analysis showed that recombinant Rv2626c was expressed in the recombinant plasmid transformed E. coli with IPTG induction, with a molecular weight of about 14 500, and the size was consistent with the expectation. The optimal expression condition for recombinant Rv2626c protein was at 31 ℃ with 1.0 mmol/L IPTG for 6 hours. The target protein was mainly present in a soluble form, which was consistent with the results of Western blot. The hyperimmunized serum with recombinant Rv2626c protein vaccination showed good specificity, with a titer of 1∶ 256 000 detected by ELISA. Conclusions Mycobacterium tuberculosis Rv2626c protein is successfully expressed in E. coli, and the purified protein has good purity and antigenic activity, laying the foundation for further reveals of its biological functions.

Critical care medicine-related treatment is an interdisciplinary and multi-professional process,often leading to secondary or concomitant mental disorders in clinical practice.Currently,there is no consensus on the pharmacological treatment of related mental illnesses in China.The Chinese Society of Psychosomatic Medicine collaborated with the Critical Care Medicine expert group to form a consensus writing expert group.After a systematic review of relevant literature,summarizing published domestic and foreign literature,and extensive discussions,the consensus was developed.The consensus elaborates on the principles and processes of the standardized use of psychotropic drugs in critical care medicine,as well as the clinical indications,precautions,and specific drug selection of various psychiatric medications,providing feasible suggestions and guidance for the clinical application of psychiatric medications in the intensive care unit.

Objective To investigate the effect of dexmedetomidine combined with esketamine on the quality of postoperative recovery in patients undergoing laparoscopic gastric volume reduction surgery.Methods A total of 136 patients undergoing laparoscopic gastric volume reduction surgery,including 41 males and 95 females,aged 18-64 years,BMI 30-45 kg/m2,ASA physical status Ⅱ or Ⅲ,were random-ly divided into four groups:dexmedetomidine combined with esketamine group(group DE),esketamine group(group E),dexmedetomidine group(group D),and control group(group C),34 patients in each group.In groups DE and D,a loading dose of dexmedetomidine 0.5 μg/kg was infused intravenously over 10 minutes before induction,followed by a continuous infusion of 0.4 μg·kg-1·h-1 until 40 minutes before the end of surgery.In groups DE and E,a loading dose of esketamine 0.5 mg/kg was injected intra-venously at induction,followed by a continuous infusion of 0.1 mg·kg-1·h-1 until 40 minutes before the end of surgery.Equal volumes of normal saline were given to group C at the same time points.The 40-item quality of recovery scores(QoR-40)24 hours before surgery and 24 hours after surgery were recorded.The dosage of intraoperative propofol and remifentanil,the dosage of dezocine within 24 hours after surgery,ex-tubation time after surgery,the time of first getting out of bed and the time of first anal exhaust after surgery were recorded.The resting visual analogue scale(VAS)pain scores were recorded at the moment of extuba-tion,2,6,12,and 24 hours after surgery.The occurrence of postoperative adverse reactions such as nausea and vomiting,agitation,hypoxemia,and pneumonia were recorded.Results Compared with group C,the QoR-40 scores in groups DE,E,and D were significantly increased 24 hours after surgery(P<0.05),the dosage of intraoperative propofol and remifentanil,the dosage of dezocine within 24 hours after surgery were significantly reduced,the time of first getting out of bed and the time of first anal exhaust after surgery were significantly shortened in group DE(P<0.05),the resting VAS pain scores at the moment of extubation,2,6,and 12 hours after surgery were significantly decreased in groups DE and E(P<0.05),the resting VAS pain scores at the moment of extubation and 2 hours after surgery were significantly decreased in group D(P<0.05).Compared with group D,the QoR-40 scores were significantly increased 24 hours after sur-gery,the dosage of intraoperative propofol was significantly reduced,and the resting VAS pain scores 2,6,and 12 hours after surgery were significantly decreased in group DE(P<0.05).Compared with group E,the QoR-40 scores were significantly increased 24 hours after surgery,the dosage of intraoperative propofol was significantly reduced,and the resting VAS pain scores 2,6 hours after surgery were significantly de-creased in group DE(P<0.05).There were no statistically differences in resting VAS pain scores 24 hours after surgery,and the occurrence of postoperative adverse reactions among the four groups.Conclusion Dexmedetomidine combined with esketamine relieves postoperative pain,enhances the quality of postoper-ative recovery,and promotes rapid rehabilitation in patients undergoing laparoscopic gastric volume reduction surgery.