Background: and Purpose Accurately predicting long-term functional outcomes of basilar artery occlusion (BAO) remains challenging. We compared the predictive performance of the baseline, 24-hour, and 72-hour National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores for 90-day BAO functional outcomes using the Acute Basilar Artery Occlusion: Endovascular Thrombectomy versus Standard Medical Treatment (ATTENTION) trial data. We identified the optimal assessment time point, determined treatment-specific NIHSS cutoff values, and explored the role of early neurological function in treatment effects. Methods: This retrospective post hoc analysis included 324 patients with acute BAO with baseline NIHSS scores ≥10 and complete NIHSS assessments at each time point. The primary outcome was a favorable 90-day functional outcome (modified Rankin Scale score, 0–3). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to assess the predictive ability of NIHSS scores. The optimal 72-hour NIHSS predictive cutoff values were determined for the endovascular treatment (EVT) and best medical management (BMM) subgroups. Results: The 72-hour NIHSS score showed the highest predictive accuracy for the primary outcome (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUC]: 0.954), outperforming the 24-hour (AUC: 0.903) and baseline (AUC: 0.688) scores; its optimal predictive cut-off value was ≤11 in the EVT group (sensitivity: 85.6%, specificity: 92.9%, positive predictive value [PPV]: 91.8%, negative predictive value [NPV]: 87.4%) and ≤9 in the BMM group (sensitivity: 84.6%, specificity: 95.1%, PPV: 84.6%, NPV: 95.1%). Conclusions The 72-hour NIHSS score outperformed the baseline and 24-hour scores in predicting 90-day functional outcomes and mediating the effects of EVT. Treatment-specific 72-hour NIHSS cut-off values may guide early risk stratification and prognostic assessments.

Rapid developments in biotechnology have led researchers to seek new method to improve the efficiency and accuracy of biomedical research and drug development,promoting interdisciplinary integration.Recent advancements in artificial intelligence(AI)technologies have brought unprecedented opportunities to this field.The integration of various AI models allows researchers to better utilize multi-omics data,identify disease phenotypes,interpret animal behavior,assess treatment effects,improve experimental designs,reduce the use of experimental animals,enhance animal facility management,and improve animal welfare.This article reviews the advancements in AI biomedical research over the past decade and discusses its contributions to disease phenotype identification,the selection and design of experimental animal models,animal behavior analysis,and animal facility management.It also points out the challenges related to data standardization,AI model selection and interpretability,the extrapolation process from AI models to animal experiments and clinical practice,as well as ethical considerations in using AI in sensitive areas involving human genetics and personalized medicine.This review aims to help researchers and practitioners in relevant fields understand the current state and opportunities of AI development,thus providing support for its broader application.

OBJECTIVE T o explore the value of targeted next-generation sequencing(t-NGS)in diagnosis of respir-atory tract pathogens through meta-analysis so as to provide reference for clinical application.METHODS PubMed database,Web of Science database,Wanfang database,CNKI database and Sinomed database were retrieved,and the time period of retrieval ranged from Jan.2010 to May 2024.The literatures were screened out based on the es-tablished standards.The quality was assessed by QU ADAS-2,the risk of bias graph was drawn by Revman 5.4,and the statistical analysis was performed by Stata 16.0.RESULTS A total of 9 literatures were included in the study.The result of meta-analysis showed that the heterogeneity test Q for sensitivity was 268.21,P＜0.01,I2=97.02％,with the heterogeneity test Q for specificity 210.04,P＜0.01,I2=96.19％,the combined sensitivity 0.88(95％CI:0.62 to 0.97),combined specificity 0.68(95％CI:0.41 to 0.86),combined positive likelihood ratio 2.72(95％CI:1.44 to 5.15),combined negative likelihood ratio 0.18(95％CI:0.06 to 0.53),combined diagno-sis score 2.74(95％CI:1.68 to 3.80),and combined diagnostic odds ratio 15.44(95％CI:5.34 to 44.66).The area under synthesize receiver operating characteristic(SROC)curve(AUC)was 0.85(95％CI:0.82 to 0.88).The result of Deeks funnel plot showed that P was 0.99,indicating that there was no obvious publication bias.CONCLUSIONS The sensitivity of tNGS is high in detection of the pathogens causing acute respiratory tract infection,the specificity needs to be improved,but its comprehensive ability is satisfactory.It has certain val-ue in early clinical diagnosis.

Rapid developments in biotechnology have led researchers to seek new method to improve the efficiency and accuracy of biomedical research and drug development,promoting interdisciplinary integration.Recent advancements in artificial intelligence(AI)technologies have brought unprecedented opportunities to this field.The integration of various AI models allows researchers to better utilize multi-omics data,identify disease phenotypes,interpret animal behavior,assess treatment effects,improve experimental designs,reduce the use of experimental animals,enhance animal facility management,and improve animal welfare.This article reviews the advancements in AI biomedical research over the past decade and discusses its contributions to disease phenotype identification,the selection and design of experimental animal models,animal behavior analysis,and animal facility management.It also points out the challenges related to data standardization,AI model selection and interpretability,the extrapolation process from AI models to animal experiments and clinical practice,as well as ethical considerations in using AI in sensitive areas involving human genetics and personalized medicine.This review aims to help researchers and practitioners in relevant fields understand the current state and opportunities of AI development,thus providing support for its broader application.

Objective:To analyze the genetic characteristics of varicella-zoster virus（VZV）in Anhui province from 2022 to 2023.Methods:Vesicle fluid and throat swab samples were collected from suspected varicella patients in Anhui province during 2022—2023. Fresh vesicle fluid samples were selected for VZV isolation，and real-time PCR was used for VZV nucleic acid detection. For positive samples，the region containing five single nucleotide polymorphism（SNP）sites in the open reading frame 22（ORF22）fragment was amplified，and PCR products were sequenced to identify viral genotypes. Reference sequences of VZV genotypes were downloaded from GenBank，sequence alignment and phylogenetic tree analysis were performed using Sequencher and MEGA5.0 software. Additionally，four SNP sites in ORF38 and ORF62 fragments were detected to distinguish vaccine strains from wild strains.Results:Among 96 samples from suspected varicella cases，55 of 61 vesicle fluid samples and 21 of 35 throat swab samples were positive for VZV nucleic acid. The virus isolation rate for vesicle fluid samples was 14.75%. Genetic sequencing was successful for 51 strains，all of which were wild strains belonging to the clade 2 genetic branch. Compared with the reference strain of clade 2，the nucleotide and amino acid homologies of the ORF22 fragment were 99.46%~100% and 98.39%~100%，respectively. One strain（2023VZVCZ45）exhibited an A→G mutation at site 37916.Conclusion:The prevalent VZV strains detected in Anhui province during 2022—2023 were all wild strains of clade 2，with no vaccine-associated cases identified.

OBJECTIVE T o explore the value of targeted next-generation sequencing(t-NGS)in diagnosis of respir-atory tract pathogens through meta-analysis so as to provide reference for clinical application.METHODS PubMed database,Web of Science database,Wanfang database,CNKI database and Sinomed database were retrieved,and the time period of retrieval ranged from Jan.2010 to May 2024.The literatures were screened out based on the es-tablished standards.The quality was assessed by QU ADAS-2,the risk of bias graph was drawn by Revman 5.4,and the statistical analysis was performed by Stata 16.0.RESULTS A total of 9 literatures were included in the study.The result of meta-analysis showed that the heterogeneity test Q for sensitivity was 268.21,P＜0.01,I2=97.02％,with the heterogeneity test Q for specificity 210.04,P＜0.01,I2=96.19％,the combined sensitivity 0.88(95％CI:0.62 to 0.97),combined specificity 0.68(95％CI:0.41 to 0.86),combined positive likelihood ratio 2.72(95％CI:1.44 to 5.15),combined negative likelihood ratio 0.18(95％CI:0.06 to 0.53),combined diagno-sis score 2.74(95％CI:1.68 to 3.80),and combined diagnostic odds ratio 15.44(95％CI:5.34 to 44.66).The area under synthesize receiver operating characteristic(SROC)curve(AUC)was 0.85(95％CI:0.82 to 0.88).The result of Deeks funnel plot showed that P was 0.99,indicating that there was no obvious publication bias.CONCLUSIONS The sensitivity of tNGS is high in detection of the pathogens causing acute respiratory tract infection,the specificity needs to be improved,but its comprehensive ability is satisfactory.It has certain val-ue in early clinical diagnosis.

Objective To investigate the underlying mechanism of Hongyu Decoction in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)based on serum amino acid metabolism.Methods A total of 50 male C57BL/6J mice were divided into control group,model group,sulfasalazine(SASP)group and Hongyu Decoction low-and high-dosage groups,with 10 mice in each group.Except for the control group,the rest groups were treated with 3%dextran sulfate sodium freely for seven consecutive days to establish the IBD model.The SASP group was given SASP solution at a dosage of 200 mg/kg by gavage,while the Hongyu Decoction low-and high-dosage groups were given Hongyu Decoction freeze-dried powder solution at dosages of 0.5 and 2.0 g/kg respectively by gavage for 11 consecutive days.The general condition was monitored and DAI score were calculated.After the mice were sacrificed,the length of colons was measured,ELISA was used to detect serum TNF-α,IL-1β,IL-17 contents,HE staining was used to observe the morphology of colon tissue,and Alizarin blue staining was used to evaluate the secretion of mucin levels by intestinal epithelial goblet cells,UPLC-MS and multivariate statistical methods were used to analyze the serum amino acid metabolism profiles of mice in the control group,model group and Hongyu Decoction high-dosage group,and differential amino acids were screened.Pathway enrichment analysis was performed on differential amino acids using MetaboAnalyst 5.0.Results Compared with the control group,the DAI score of the model group mice significantly increased(P<0.001),the colon length was significantly shortened(P<0.001),and the serum contents of TNF-α,IL-1β and IL-17 significantly increased(P<0.001);with widespread ulceration of colon tissue,disappearance of mucosal epithelium and intestinal crypt structure,infiltration of lymphocytes and neutrophils,congestion and edema of intestinal mucosa,proliferation of submucosal connective tissue,reduced number of colonic goblet cells and mucin secretion.Compared with the model group,the Hongyu Decoction high-dosage group showed a significant decrease in DAI score(P<0.001),while the SASP group and the Hongyu Decoction low-and high-dosage groups showed a significant increase in colon length(P<0.05,P<0.001),and the serum contents of TNF-α,IL-1β and IL-17 were significantly reduced(P<0.001);the colonic villi were relatively intact,the glands were clear and arranged neatly,the branches of the intestinal crypts were obvious,no obvious edema was observed,and the number of colonic goblet cells and mucin secretion increased.Seven potential biomarkers for IBD in mice were identified through serum metabolomics screening,including tryptophan,serine,glutamate,valine,histidine,methionine and phenylalanine;two potential biomarkers for the treatment of IBD with Hongyu Decoction were identified,namely valine and tyrosine.The results of pathway enrichment analysis showed that the differential amino acids in the model group mainly involved the biosynthesis of phenylalanine,tyrosine and tryptophan,histidine metabolism,cysteine and methionine metabolism,phenylalanine metabolism and arginine biosynthesis;the differential amino acids in Hongyu Decoction high-dosage group mainly involved the biosynthesis of phenylalanine,tyrosine and tryptophan,as well as the metabolism of alanine,aspartate and glutamate,and the biosynthesis of arginine.Conclusion Hongyu Decoction can improve intestinal epithelial damage and inflammatory cell infiltration in IBD mice,protect the integrity of the intestinal mucosal barrier,and may be related to regulating amino acid metabolism in the body.

Objective: To assess the association between the metabolic score for insulin resistance index (METS-IR) and overactive bladder (OAB) in the US population，so as to explore the potential of METS-IR as a predictive tool for OAB risk and to provide insights for early screening and intervention strategies. Methods: Based on the data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2005-2018，a cross-sectional design was employed，and multivariate logistic regression models were used to analyze the association between METS-IR and OAB. METS-IR was analyzed both as a continuous variable and categorized into quartiles. To further validate the association between METS-IR and OAB across diverse populations，subgroup analyses were conducted in participants stratified by clinical characteristics. Smooth curve fitting was employed to test the linearity of the METS-IR-OAB relationship. Results: Elevated METS-IR was associated with an increased risk of OAB (P<0.001)，and this positive correlation remained stable when METS-IR was categorized into quartiles (P<0.001). Subgroup analyses revealed that the association between METS-IR and OAB was more pronounced in females，participants younger than 55 years，and non-diabetic individuals (P<0.05). Furthermore，smooth curve fitting confirmed a linear positive correlation between METS-IR and OAB，with this linear relationship observed in both diabetic and non-diabetic groups. Conclusion: This study，based on the NHANES 2005-2018 database，found a linear positive correlation between METS-IR and OAB.

Rodent models play a crucial role in research on human periodontal diseases,providing key evidence for investigation into the pathological mechanisms of periodontal bone defects.Relevant research in the field involves gene expression,inflammatory regulation mechanisms,host-microbial interactions,as well as disease resolution and healing processes.Research methodology in the field falls under 2 categories-periodontal inflammation models and surgical defect models.The former simulates periodontal defects by inducing periodontal diseases,while the latter constructs clinically simulated periodontal defects through surgical removal of periodontal tissue.However,the currently available animal models of periodontitis face challenges in simultaneously capturing the disease complexity,tracking dynamic repair processes,and meeting translational needs.Herein,we reviewed and summarized the methods and characteristics of periodontal disease modeling in recent years.We proposed the establishment of a multimodal assessment framework integrating technologies such as spatial transcriptomics,single-cell sequencing,and in vivo fluorescence imaging,which may serve as a critical pathway for overcoming existing research challenges.

Thyroid hormone receptors (THRs), a crucial nuclear receptor protein family, primarily consist of two categories: α receptors and β receptors. Among them, THRβ is the primary subtype of thyroid hormone that confers benefits to the liver. In the last two decades, there have been efforts to develop THRβ agonists that selectively yield beneficial effects on the liver, such as lowering triglycerides and cholesterol, while reducing adverse effects on the heart, muscle, and bone. This paper systematically reviews strategies to enhance the safety of THRβ agonists for the treatment of MASH, with a focus on improving the selectivity of THRα and increasing the distribution of the drug in the liver. Additionally, we explore the potential application of this target in addressing other medical indications.