BACKGROUND: The available evidence regarding the benefits of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) on patients receiving dialysis with coronary artery disease (CAD) is limited and inconsistent. This study aimed to evaluate the association between PCI and clinical outcomes as compared with medical therapy alone in patients undergoing dialysis with CAD in China. METHODS: This multicenter, retrospective study was conducted in 30 tertiary medical centers across 12 provinces in China from January 2015 to June 2021 to include patients on dialysis with CAD. The primary outcome was major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), defined as a composite of cardiovascular death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, and non-fatal stroke. Secondary outcomes included all-cause death, the individual components of MACE, and Bleeding Academic Research Consortium criteria types 2, 3, or 5 bleeding. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard models were used to assess the association between PCI and outcomes. Inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) and propensity score matching (PSM) were performed to account for potential between-group differences. RESULTS: Of the 1146 patients on dialysis with significant CAD, 821 (71.6%) underwent PCI. After a median follow-up of 23.0 months, PCI was associated with a 43.0% significantly lower risk for MACE (33.9% [ n  = 278] vs . 43.7% [ n  = 142]; adjusted hazards ratio 0.57, 95% confidence interval 0.45-0.71), along with a slightly increased risk for bleeding outcomes that did not reach statistical significance (11.1% vs . 8.3%; adjusted hazards ratio 1.31, 95% confidence interval, 0.82-2.11). Furthermore, PCI was associated with a significant reduction in all-cause and cardiovascular mortalities. Subgroup analysis did not modify the association of PCI with patient outcomes. These primary findings were consistent across IPTW, PSM, and competing risk analyses. CONCLUSION This study indicated that PCI in patients on dialysis with CAD was significantly associated with lower MACE and mortality when comparing with those with medical therapy alone, albeit with a slightly increased risk for bleeding events that did not reach statistical significance.
Humans ; Percutaneous Coronary Intervention/methods* ; Male ; Female ; Coronary Artery Disease/drug therapy* ; Retrospective Studies ; Renal Dialysis/methods* ; Middle Aged ; Aged ; China ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Treatment Outcome

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of single-port thoracoscopic surgery for elderly patients with non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC).Methods The clinical data of 93 patients with NSCLC who underwent thoracoscopic lobectomy or segmentectomy was collected,the patients were divided into uniportal operation group(40 cases,received single-port thoracoscopic surgery)and single-operation port operation group(53 cases,received single-operation port thoracoscopic surgery)according to the operation methods.The operation time,the amount of blood loss,the number of lymph node dissection,chest drainage volume 3 days after surgery,duration of indwelling drainage tube,postoperative hospital stay,visual analogue scale(VAS)score of postoperative pain,and incidence of postoperative complications of patients between the two groups were compared.The cumulative survival rate between the two groups was compared.Results The operation were successfully completed in both groups.There was no statistically significant difference in terms of operation time,the amount of blood loss,the number of lymph node dissection,chest drainage volume 3 days after surgery,duration of indwelling drainage tube,or postoperative hospital stay of patients between the two groups(P>0.05).There was significant difference in VAS score of postoperative pain of patients between the two groups(P<0.05).There was no early death within 1 months after surgery in both groups.There was no significant difference in the incidence of complications between the two groups(P>0.05).After 4 to 30 months of follow-up,there was no significant difference in the cumulative survival rate between the two groups(P>0.05).Conclusion Single-port thoracoscopic lobectomy or segmentectomy for elderly patients with NSCLC has high safety and feasibility,with less trauma,faster recovery and less postoperative pain.

Objective:To explore the material basis and mechanism of Sangjiang Ganmao injection （SG） in the treatment of common cold by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole/electrostatic field orbitrap high resolution mass spectrometry （UPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS） and network pharmacology. Method:UPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS was used to identify the chemical components of SG with mobile phase of acetonitrile （A）-0.1% formic acid aqueous solution （B） for gradient elution （0-10 min， 4%-15%A； 10-35 min， 15%-30%A； 35-45 min， 30%-33%A； 45-55 min， 33%-60%A； 55-58 min， 60%A）， flow rate of 0.2 mL·min^-1， electrospray ionization （ESI） and scanning range of m/z 100-1 500 under positive and negative ion modes. Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform （TCMSP） and GeneCards 5.0 database were used to screen and predict the potential targets of chemical components in SG， STRING 11.0 database and Cytoscape 3.7.2 software were used to construct protein-protein interaction （PPI） network model， gene ontology （GO） analysis and pathway analysis were performed on potential targets by Metascape 3.5， Reactome database and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes （KEGG）， Cytoscape 3.7.2 software was used to build the network of "herbs-ingredients-key targets". Result:A total of 54 components in SG were identified， and 80 potential targets of SG for treatment of common cold were predicted and screened based on this. SG exerted therapeutic effects by acting on targets such as interleukin （IL）-6， tumor necrosis factor （TNF） and IL-10， and signaling pathways such as IL-17 signaling pathway， TNF signaling pathway and interaction of cytokine receptors. Conclusion:SG may interfere with the expression of inflammatory cytokines by acting on related targets and pathways such as inflammation and immune system， and regulate the immune function of the body as a whole， thereby exerting a therapeutic effect.

To evaluate whether the polygenic profile modifies the development of sporadic Alzheimer's disease (sAD) and pathological biomarkers in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), 462 sAD patients and 463 age-matched cognitively normal (CN) controls were genotyped for 35 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that are significantly associated with sAD. Then, the alleles found to be associated with sAD were used to build polygenic risk score (PRS) models to represent the genetic risk. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses and the Cox proportional hazards model were used to evaluate the predictive value of PRS for the sAD risk and age at onset. We measured the CSF levels of Aβ42, Aβ42/Aβ40, total tau (T-tau), and phosphorylated tau (P-tau) in a subgroup (60 sAD and 200 CN participants), and analyzed their relationships with the PRSs. We found that 14 SNPs, including SNPs in the APOE, BIN1, CD33, EPHA1, SORL1, and TOMM40 genes, were associated with sAD risk in our cohort. The PRS models built with these SNPs showed potential for discriminating sAD patients from CN controls, and were able to predict the incidence rate of sAD and age at onset. Furthermore, the PRSs were correlated with the CSF levels of Aβ42, Aβ42/Aβ40, T-tau, and P-tau. Our study suggests that PRS models hold promise for assessing the genetic risk and development of AD. As genetic risk profiles vary among populations, large-scale genome-wide sequencing studies are urgently needed to identify the genetic risk loci of sAD in Chinese populations to build accurate PRS models for clinical practice.

BACKGROUND: Recent studies suggest that a healthy diet helps to prevent the development of Alzheimer disease (AD). This study aimed to investigate whether spicy food consumption is associated with cognition and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers of AD in the Chinese population. METHODS: We enrolled 55 AD patients and 55 age- and gender-matched cognitively normal (CN) subjects in a case-control study, as well as a cohort of 131 participants without subjective cognitive decline (non-AD) in a cross-sectional study. Spicy food consumption was assessed using the Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). Associations of FFQ scores with cognition and CSF biomarkers of AD were analyzed. RESULTS: In the case-control study, spicy food consumption was lower in AD patients than that in CNs (4.0 [4.0-8.0] vs. 8.0 [4.5-10.0], P < 0.001); FFQ scores were positively associated with Mini-Mental Status Examination scores in the total sample (r = 0.218, P = 0.014). In the cross-sectional study, the association between spicy food consumption and cognition levels was verified in non-AD subjects (r = 0.264, P = 0.0023). Moreover, higher FFQ scores were significantly associated with higher β-Amyloid (1-42) (Aβ42) levels and lower phospho-tau/Aβ42 and total tau/Aβ42 ratios in the CSF of non-AD subjects (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Spicy food consumption is closely related to higher cognition levels and reversed AD biomarkers in the CSF, suggesting that a capsaicin-rich diet might have the potential to modify the cognitive status and cerebral pathologies associated with AD.
Alzheimer Disease ; Amyloid beta-Peptides ; Biomarkers ; Case-Control Studies ; Cognition ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Humans ; Peptide Fragments ; tau Proteins

Objective:To study nephrotoxicity induced by long-term administration of different doses of aloe-emodin in mice, and explore its mechanism. Method:A total of 30 male and female Kunming mice were randomly divided into normal control group, and low-dose aloe-emodin group,high-dose aloe-emodin group (0.8,1.6 g·kg^-1). Every dose of group was administered intragastrically for 11 weeks,twice daily. effect of serum urea nitrogen (BUN),creatinine (SCr),superoxide dismutase (SOD),malondialdehyde (MDA),Glutathione (GSH/GSSG) and Glutathione Peroxidase (GSH-Px) levels were detected by biochemical kits according to manufacturer's instruction. Enzyme-linked immune assay was used to determine serum tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukins(IL)-6 levels. Hematoxylin eosin (HE) staining was used to detect renal pathological changes in kidney tissues, and cysteine aspartic acid specific protease(Caspase)-3 and transforming growth factor(TGF)-β₁ proteins were determined by immunohistochemistry. Result:According to results,compared with normal control group,the levels of BUN and SCr in serum with high-dose aloe-emodin were increased. The renal tubules in low-dose group were mildly injured,while renal tubules and glomeruli of high-dose group were moderately damaged. Compared with normal control group,the level of SOD was significant decreased (P<0.05), MDA was increased (P<0.05),the levels of GSH/GSSG in kidneys of high-dose groups were decreased (P<0.05). In high-dose group,the expression of Caspase-3 protein was increased in kidneys,especially in males (P<0.05). Compared with normal control group,the levels of TNF-α and IL-6 were increased,the expression of TGF-β₁ protein in kidneys was increased in low-dose and high-dose groups (P<0.05). Conclusion:results show that 1.6 g·kg^-1 aloe-emodin was administered intragastrically for 11 weeks,which had toxic effects on kidney in mice. The mechanism may be related to oxidative stress,apoptosis and TGF-β₁ protein expression.

Objective: To explore the features of imatinib mesylate (IM) plasma concentration during adjuvant therapy and clinical factors associated with IM plasma concentration in patients with high risk gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST), and to determine whether IM plasma concentration <1100 μg/L influences the efficacy of adjuvant therapy. Methods: A retrospective case control study method was used. Case inclusion criteria: (1) complete resection of lesion and GIST confirmed by pathology; (2) high risk classified according to modified National Institutes of Health classification system (2008); (3) administration of IM 400 mg/d for at least 1 month; (4) not taking the medication likely affecting IM pharmacokinetic, such as rifampicin, dilantin, and carbamazepine, within 1 month before blood collection. Data of GIST patients who visited GIST Disease - Oriented Outpatient, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology between January 2015 to December 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. After taking IM for 22-26 hours, 5 ml of peripheral venous blood was collected into EDTA anticoagulant tube. IM plasma concentration was detected by using high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). Patients were divided into <1100 μg/L group and ≥1100 μg/L group according to plasma concentration. Linear regression was used to analyze the relevance between clinical features and IM plasma concentration. Parameters with normal distribution were analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficient, and parameters with non-normal distribution were analyzed by Spearman correlation. Kaplan-Meier survival curves and COX regression model were used for survival analysis. Results: Among the 85 patients enrolled in the study, 49 patients (57.6%) were male and 36 (42.4%) were female, with mean age of (51.9±11.0) years. The body mass index was (22.5±2.9) kg/m² and body surface area was (1.6±0.2) m². Thirty patients received gene test, including 23 patients with c-Kit exon 11 mutation, 4 with c-Kit exon 9 mutation, 1 with c-Kit exon 11 and 17 mutation and 2 without c-Kit or PDGFRA gene mutation. The mean IM plasma concentration was (1391.4±631.3) μg/L, and there were 32 patients with plasma concentration <1100 μg/L and 53 patients with plasma concentration ≥1100 μg/L. There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in gender, age, body mass index, body surface area, hematological examination (white blood cells, albumin, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and serum creatinine), tumor location, tumor size, mitotic counts, duration of adjuvant therapy and methods of operation (all P>0.05). Positive correlation between IM plasma concentration and serum creatinine was observed in linear regression analysis (r=0.297, P=0.007), but there were no correlations between IM plasma concentration and age (r=0.044, P=0.686), body mass index (r=0.066, P=0.547), body surface area (r=-0.010, P=0.924), white blood cells (r=-0.080, P=0.478), albumin (r=-0.065, P=0.563), alanine aminotransferase (r=0.114, P=0.308), aspartate aminotransferase (r=0.170, P=0.127) and duration of adjuvant therapy (ρ=0.060, P=0.586). There was no statistically significant difference in IM plasma concentration between patients with different genders (t=0.336, P=0.738) and patients with different surgical methods (F=0.888, P=0.451). Up to March 1, 2019. the median follow-up time was 30 (range 4-49) months. Tumor recurrence was detected in two patients with plasma concentration <1100 μg/L and two with plasma concentration ≥1100 μg/L. One recurrent patient with plasma concentration <1100 μg/L was detected to harbor c-Kit exon 11 and exon 17 mutations, and the other did not receive gene detection. Two recurrent patients with plasma concentration ≥1100 μg/L were both detected to harbor c-Kit exon 9 mutation. The 3-year relapse-free survival rate was 96.4% in the cohort, 96.2% in patients with plasma concentration <1100 μg/L, and 96.6% in patients with plasma concentration ≥1100 μg/L. No significant difference in relapse-free survival was observed between the two groups (P=0.204). Univariate Cox analysis showed that IM plasma concentration <1100 μg/L was not a risk factor for patients with high risk GIST (HR=0.238, 95% CI: 0.022-2.637, P=0.242). Conclusions IM plasma concentration of adjuvant therapy in patients with high risk GIST varies with individual. Patients with higher level of serum creatinine are more likely to have a higher plasma concentration. A blood drug concentration standard of less than 1100 μg/L for advanced GIST patients may not influence the prognosis of patients with high risk GIST.

To establish the spectrum-effect relationship between HPLC fingerprint and free radicals activity scavenging in Guizhi Shaoyao Zhimu Decoction( GSZD),and provide a basis for the quality evaluation and modernization of classical prescriptions. Shimadsu GL-science C18 column( 4. 6 mm×250 mm,5 μm) was used with acetonitrile-0. 1% formic acid solution as the mobile phase for gradient elution. The detective wave length was 254 nm; the column temperature was set at 32 ℃; the injection volume was 20 μL; and the flow rate was 1. 0 m L·min-1.10 batches of primary standard samples of GSZD were detected,and their HPLC fingerprint was established by using the similarity evaluation system for chromatographic fingerprint of traditional Chinese medicine( TCM). The activity of scavenging free radicals was studied by 1,1-diphenyl-2-trinitrophenylhydrazine( DPPH) method,and the spectrum-effect relationship was studied by Pearson bivariate correlation analysis. The common mode of GSZD fingerprints was established,and 26 common peaks were marked,with similarities ranging from 0. 929 to 0. 998. Eight of the chromatographic peaks were identified by using the control comparison method: gallic acid,mangiferin,paeoniflorin,glycyrrhizin,asparagus,5-O-methylvisamicin,cinnamic acid,and ammonium glycyrrhetate. Among them,the content changes of No. 14( paeoniside),20,12( mangiferin),13 and 23( cinnamic acid) common peaks were negatively correlated with free radical scavenging activity. The fingerprint showed high precision,repeatability and stability,and the common peaks were well separated,so it can be used for the quality evaluation of GSZD,and could provide reference for further studies on the material basis of GSZD.
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Cinnamomum aromaticum ; chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Free Radical Scavengers ; chemistry ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional

Objective To explore the features of imatinib mesylate (IM) plasma concentration during adjuvant therapy and clinical factors associated with IM plasma concentration in patients with high risk gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST), and to determine whether IM plasma concentration<1100 μg/L influences the efficacy of adjuvant therapy. Methods A retrospective case control study method was used. Case inclusion criteria: (1) complete resection of lesion and GIST confirmed by pathology; (2) high risk classified according to modified National Institutes of Health classification system (2008); (3) administration of IM 400 mg/d for at least 1 month; (4) not taking the medication likely affecting IM pharmacokinetic, such as rifampicin, dilantin, and carbamazepine, within 1 month before blood collection. Data of GIST patients who visited GIST Disease?Oriented Outpatient, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology between January 2015 to December 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. After taking IM for 22?26 hours, 5 ml of peripheral venous blood was collected into EDTA anticoagulant tube. IM plasma concentration was detected by using high performance liquid chromatography?tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC?MS/MS). Patients were divided into<1100 μg/L group and ≥1100 μg/L group according to plasma concentration. Linear regression was used to analyze the relevance between clinical features and IM plasma concentration. Parameters with normal distribution were analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficient, and parameters with non?normal distribution were analyzed by Spearman correlation. Kaplan?Meier survival curves and COX regression model were used for survival analysis. Results Among the 85 patients enrolled in the study, 49 patients (57.6%) were male and 36 (42.4%) were female, with mean age of (51.9±11.0) years. The body mass index was (22.5±2.9) kg/m2 and body surface area was (1.6±0.2) m2. Thirty patients received gene test, including 23 patients with c?Kit exon 11 mutation, 4 with c?Kit exon 9 mutation, 1 with c?Kit exon 11 and 17 mutation and 2 without c?Kit or PDGFRA gene mutation. The mean IM plasma concentration was (1391.4±631.3) μg/L, and there were 32 patients with plasma concentration<1100 μg/L and 53 patients with plasma concentration≥1100 μg/L. There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in gender, age, body mass index, body surface area, hematological examination (white blood cells, albumin, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and serum creatinine), tumor location, tumor size, mitotic counts, duration of adjuvant therapy and methods of operation (all P>0.05). Positive correlation between IM plasma concentration and serum creatinine was observed in linear regression analysis (r=0.297, P=0.007), but there were no correlations between IM plasma concentration and age (r=0.044, P=0.686), body mass index (r=0.066, P=0.547), body surface area (r=-0.010, P=0.924), white blood cells (r=-0.080, P=0.478), albumin (r=-0.065, P=0.563), alanine aminotransferase (r=0.114, P=0.308), aspartate aminotransferase (r=0.170, P=0.127) and duration of adjuvant therapy (ρ=0.060, P=0.586). There was no statistically significant difference in IM plasma concentration between patients with different genders (t=0.336, P=0.738) and patients with different surgical methods (F=0.888, P=0.451). Up to March 1, 2019. the median follow?up time was 30 (range 4?49) months. Tumor recurrence was detected in two patients with plasma concentration <1100 μg/L and two with plasma concentration ≥1100 μg/L. One recurrent patient with plasma concentration <1100 μg/L was detected to harbor c?Kit exon 11 and exon 17 mutations, and the other did not receive gene detection. Two recurrent patients with plasma concentration ≥1100 μg/L were both detected to harbor c?Kit exon 9 mutation. The 3?year relapse?free survival rate was 96.4% in the cohort, 96.2% in patients with plasma concentration <1100 μg/L, and 96.6% in patients with plasma concentration≥1100 μg/L. No significant difference in relapse?free survival was observed between the two groups (P=0.204). Univariate Cox analysis showed that IM plasma concentration<1100 μg/L was not a risk factor for patients with high risk GIST (HR=0.238, 95% CI: 0.022?2.637, P=0.242). Conclusions IM plasma concentration of adjuvant therapy in patients with high risk GIST varies with individual. Patients with higher level of serum creatinine are more likely to have a higher plasma concentration. A blood drug concentration standard of less than 1100 μg/L for advanced GIST patients may not influence the prognosis of patients with high risk GIST.

Objective To explore the features of imatinib mesylate (IM) plasma concentration during adjuvant therapy and clinical factors associated with IM plasma concentration in patients with high risk gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST), and to determine whether IM plasma concentration<1100 μg/L influences the efficacy of adjuvant therapy. Methods A retrospective case control study method was used. Case inclusion criteria: (1) complete resection of lesion and GIST confirmed by pathology; (2) high risk classified according to modified National Institutes of Health classification system (2008); (3) administration of IM 400 mg/d for at least 1 month; (4) not taking the medication likely affecting IM pharmacokinetic, such as rifampicin, dilantin, and carbamazepine, within 1 month before blood collection. Data of GIST patients who visited GIST Disease?Oriented Outpatient, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology between January 2015 to December 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. After taking IM for 22?26 hours, 5 ml of peripheral venous blood was collected into EDTA anticoagulant tube. IM plasma concentration was detected by using high performance liquid chromatography?tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC?MS/MS). Patients were divided into<1100 μg/L group and ≥1100 μg/L group according to plasma concentration. Linear regression was used to analyze the relevance between clinical features and IM plasma concentration. Parameters with normal distribution were analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficient, and parameters with non?normal distribution were analyzed by Spearman correlation. Kaplan?Meier survival curves and COX regression model were used for survival analysis. Results Among the 85 patients enrolled in the study, 49 patients (57.6%) were male and 36 (42.4%) were female, with mean age of (51.9±11.0) years. The body mass index was (22.5±2.9) kg/m2 and body surface area was (1.6±0.2) m2. Thirty patients received gene test, including 23 patients with c?Kit exon 11 mutation, 4 with c?Kit exon 9 mutation, 1 with c?Kit exon 11 and 17 mutation and 2 without c?Kit or PDGFRA gene mutation. The mean IM plasma concentration was (1391.4±631.3) μg/L, and there were 32 patients with plasma concentration<1100 μg/L and 53 patients with plasma concentration≥1100 μg/L. There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in gender, age, body mass index, body surface area, hematological examination (white blood cells, albumin, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and serum creatinine), tumor location, tumor size, mitotic counts, duration of adjuvant therapy and methods of operation (all P>0.05). Positive correlation between IM plasma concentration and serum creatinine was observed in linear regression analysis (r=0.297, P=0.007), but there were no correlations between IM plasma concentration and age (r=0.044, P=0.686), body mass index (r=0.066, P=0.547), body surface area (r=-0.010, P=0.924), white blood cells (r=-0.080, P=0.478), albumin (r=-0.065, P=0.563), alanine aminotransferase (r=0.114, P=0.308), aspartate aminotransferase (r=0.170, P=0.127) and duration of adjuvant therapy (ρ=0.060, P=0.586). There was no statistically significant difference in IM plasma concentration between patients with different genders (t=0.336, P=0.738) and patients with different surgical methods (F=0.888, P=0.451). Up to March 1, 2019. the median follow?up time was 30 (range 4?49) months. Tumor recurrence was detected in two patients with plasma concentration <1100 μg/L and two with plasma concentration ≥1100 μg/L. One recurrent patient with plasma concentration <1100 μg/L was detected to harbor c?Kit exon 11 and exon 17 mutations, and the other did not receive gene detection. Two recurrent patients with plasma concentration ≥1100 μg/L were both detected to harbor c?Kit exon 9 mutation. The 3?year relapse?free survival rate was 96.4% in the cohort, 96.2% in patients with plasma concentration <1100 μg/L, and 96.6% in patients with plasma concentration≥1100 μg/L. No significant difference in relapse?free survival was observed between the two groups (P=0.204). Univariate Cox analysis showed that IM plasma concentration<1100 μg/L was not a risk factor for patients with high risk GIST (HR=0.238, 95% CI: 0.022?2.637, P=0.242). Conclusions IM plasma concentration of adjuvant therapy in patients with high risk GIST varies with individual. Patients with higher level of serum creatinine are more likely to have a higher plasma concentration. A blood drug concentration standard of less than 1100 μg/L for advanced GIST patients may not influence the prognosis of patients with high risk GIST.