Brain-computer interface (BCI) has high application value in the field of healthcare. However, in practical clinical applications, convenience and system performance should be considered in the use of BCI. Wearable BCIs are generally with high convenience, but their performance in real-life scenario needs to be evaluated. This study proposed a wearable steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP)-based BCI system equipped with a small-sized electroencephalogram (EEG) collector and a high-performance training-free decoding algorithm. Ten healthy subjects participated in the test of BCI system under simplified experimental preparation. The results showed that the average classification accuracy of this BCI was 94.10% for 40 targets, and there was no significant difference compared to the dataset collected under the laboratory condition. The system achieved a maximum information transfer rate (ITR) of 115.25 bit/min with 8-channel signal and 98.49 bit/min with 4-channel signal, indicating that the 4-channel solution can be used as an option for the few-channel BCI. Overall, this wearable SSVEP-BCI can achieve good performance in real-life scenario, which helps to promote BCI technology in clinical practice.
Brain-Computer Interfaces ; Humans ; Evoked Potentials, Visual/physiology* ; Electroencephalography ; Wearable Electronic Devices ; Algorithms ; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Adult ; Male

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) load in different lymphocyte subsets, as well as clinical characteristics and outcomes in patients with hematologic malignancies experiencing EBV reactivation. METHODS: Peripheral blood samples from patients were collected. B, T, and NK cells were isolated sorting with magnetic beads by flow cytometry. The EBV load in each subset was quantitated by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Clinical data were colleted from electronic medical records. Survival status was followed up through outpatient visits and telephone calls. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 25.0. RESULTS: A total of 39 patients with hematologic malignancies were included, among whom 35 patients had undergone allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). The median time to EBV reactivation was 4.8 months (range: 1.7-57.1 months) after allo-HSCT. EBV was detected in B, T, and NK cells in 20 patients, in B and T cells in 11 patients, and only in B cells in 4 patients. In the 35 patients, the median EBV load in B cells was 2.19×10⁴ copies/ml, significantly higher than that in T cells (4.00×10³ copies/ml, P <0.01) and NK cells (2.85×10² copies/ml, P <0.01). Rituximab (RTX) was administered for 32 patients, resulting in EBV negativity in 32 patients with a median time of 8 days (range: 2-39 days). Post-treatment analysis of 13 patients showed EBV were all negative in B, T, and NK cells. In the four non-transplant patients, the median time to EBV reactivation was 35 days (range: 1-328 days) after diagnosis of the primary disease. EBV was detected in one or two subsets of B, T, or NK cells, but not simultaneously in all three subsets. These patients received a combination chemotherapy targeting at the primary disease, with 3 patients achieving EBV negativity, and the median time to be negative was 40 days (range: 13-75 days). CONCLUSION In hematologic malignancy patients after allo-HSCT, EBV reactivation commonly involves B, T, and NK cells, with a significantly higher viral load in B cells compared to T and NK cells. Rituximab is effective for EBV clearance. In non-transplant patients, EBV reactivation is restricted to one or two lymphocyte subsets, and clearance is slower, highlighting the need for prompt anti-tumor therapy.
Humans ; Hematologic Neoplasms/virology* ; Herpesvirus 4, Human/physiology* ; Epstein-Barr Virus Infections ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; Virus Activation ; Lymphocyte Subsets/virology* ; Flow Cytometry ; Killer Cells, Natural/virology* ; Male ; Female ; B-Lymphocytes/virology* ; Viral Load ; Adult ; T-Lymphocytes/virology* ; Middle Aged

With the rapid development of generative artificial intelligence(GAI)technologies,their widespread application in academic research and writing is continuously expanding the boundaries of sci-entific inquiry.However,this trend has also raised a series of ethical and regulatory challenges,inclu-ding issues related to authorship,content authenticity,citation accuracy,and accountability.In light of the growing involvement of AI in generating academic content,establishing an open,controllable,and trustworthy ethical governance framework has become a key task for safeguarding research integrity and maintaining trust within the academic community.This expert consensus outlines ethical requirements across key stages of AI-assisted academic writing-including topic selection,data management,citation practices,and authorship attribution.It aims to clarify the boundaries and ethical obligations surrounding AI use in academic writing,ensuring that technological tools enhance efficiency without compromising in-tegrity.The goal is to provide guidance and institutional support for building a responsible and sustainable research ecosystem.

Huangqintang， with its accurate efficacy， is a classic formula specialized in treating dysentery recommended and promoted by medical experts from successive generations， and it was included in the Catalogue of Ancient Classic Prescriptions （the Second Batch， Han Chinese medicine prescriptions） published by the National Administration of Traditional Chinses Medicine （TCM） in 2023. The method of bibliometrics was applied in this study to conduct textual research on the classic formula Huangqintang and provide a literature reference for the development of modern preparations of Huangqintang. A total of 2 026 pieces of ancient literature were searched with "Huangqintang" as the key word， and 23 pieces of effective data were selected， involving 15 ancient TCM books. The historic evolution， composition， dosage， origin， processing methods， preparation and decocting methods， efficiency， and application of Huangqintang were carefully reviewed. The results showed that Huangqintang was first recorded in the Treatise on Febrile Diseases written by ZHANG Zhongjing. It has the effect of clearing heat， stopping dysentery， regulating the middle， and downbearing counterflow and has become one of the classic formulas widely used in clinical practice. Because of its accurate efficacy， medical experts from later generations have modified it from its original composition. Though many prescriptions have different names， it is the manifestation of physicians' inheritance and development of the thought of ZHANG Zhongjing. Ancient literature showed this prescription had wide indications yet centered on digestive system diseases such as dysentery and abdominal pain. Modern applications of Huangqintang involve digestive， respiratory， ophthalmology and otolaryngology， gynecological， skin， musculoskeletal system， and connective tissue， and this prescription has great potential in treating ulcerative colitis， diarrhea， acute enteritis， and damp-heat dysentery. Through a systematic textual excavation and review of the ancient literature about Huangqintang， the paper has confirmed its key information， so as to provide a scientific basis for the clinical application and new drug development of classic formulas.

The present study aimed to explore whether hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) improved hypoxic pulmonary hypertension (HPH) in rats by inhibiting aerobic glycolysis-pyroptosis. Male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into normal group, normal+NaHS group, hypoxia group, and hypoxia+NaHS group, with 6 rats in each group. The control group rats were placed in a normoxic (21% O₂) environment and received daily intraperitoneal injections of an equal volume of normal saline. The normal+NaHS group rats were placed in a normoxic environment and intraperitoneally injected with 14 μmol/kg NaHS daily. The hypoxia group rats were placed in a hypoxia chamber, and the oxygen controller inside the chamber maintained the oxygen concentration at 9% to 10% by controlling the N₂ flow rate. An equal volume of normal saline was injected intraperitoneally every day. The hypoxia+NaHS group rats were also placed in an hypoxia chamber and intraperitoneally injected with 14 μmol/kg NaHS daily. After the completion of the four-week modeling, the mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP) of each group was measured using right heart catheterization technique, and the right ventricular hypertrophy index (RVHI) was weighed and calculated. HE staining was used to observe pathological changes in lung tissue, Masson staining was used to observe fibrosis of lung tissue, and Western blot was used to detect protein expression levels of hexokinase 2 (HK2), pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH), pyruvate kinase isozyme type M2 (PKM2), nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3), GSDMD-N-terminal domain (GSDMD-N), Caspase-1, interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-18 in lung tissue. ELISA was used to detect contents of IL-1β and IL-18 in lung tissue. The results showed that, compared with the normal control group, there were no significant changes in all indexes in the normal+NaHS group, while the hypoxia group exhibited significantly increased mPAP and RVHI, thickened pulmonary vascular wall, narrowed lumen, increased collagen fibers, up-regulated expression levels of aerobic glycolysis-related proteins (HK2 and PKM2), up-regulated expression levels of pyroptosis-related proteins (NLRP3, GSDMD-N, Caspase-1, IL-1β, and IL-18), and increased contents of IL-1β and IL-18. These changes of the above indexes in the hypoxia group were significantly reversed by NaHS. These results suggest that H₂S can improve rat HPH by inhibiting aerobic glycolysis-pyroptosis.
Animals ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Male ; Hypertension, Pulmonary/metabolism* ; Glycolysis/drug effects* ; Hydrogen Sulfide/therapeutic use* ; Hypoxia/complications* ; Rats ; Pyroptosis/drug effects*

This study employed the "disease-medicine-dose" pattern to mine the medication rules of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) prescriptions containing Astragali Radix in ancient Chinese medical books, aiming to provide a scientific basis for the clinical application of Astragali Radix and the development of new medicines. The TCM prescriptions containing Astragali Radix were retrieved from databases such as Chinese Medical Dictionary and imported into Excel 2020 to construct the prescription library. Statical analysis were performed for the prescriptions regarding the indications, syndromes, medicine use frequency, herb effects, nature and taste, meridian tropism, dosage forms, and dose. SPSS statistics 26.0 and IBM SPSS Modeler 18.0 were used for association rules analysis and cluster analysis. A total of 2 297 prescriptions containing Astragali Radix were collected, involving 233 indications, among which sore and ulcer, consumptive disease, sweating disorder, and apoplexy had high frequency(>25), and their syndromes were mainly Qi and blood deficiency, Qi and blood deficiency, Yin and Yang deficiency, and Qi deficiency and collateral obstruction, respectively. In the prescriptions, 98 medicines were used with the frequency >25 and they mainly included Qi-tonifying medicines and blood-tonifying medicines. Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, Angelicae Sinensis Radix, Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma, Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma, and Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium were frequently used. The medicines with high frequency mainly have warm or cold nature, and sweet, pungent, or bitter taste, with tropism to spleen, lung, heart, liver, and kidney meridians. In the treatment of sore and ulcer, Astragali Radix was mainly used with the dose of 3.73 g and combined with Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma to promote granulation and heal up sores. In the treatment of consumptive disease, Astragali Radix was mainly used with the dose of 37.30 g and combined with Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma to tonify deficiency and replenish Qi. In the treatment of sweating disorder, Astragali Radix was mainly used with the dose of 3.73 g and combined with Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma to consolidate exterior and stop sweating. In the treatment of apoplexy, Astragali Radix was mainly used with the dose of 7.46 g and combined with Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma to dispell wind and stop convulsions. Astragali Radix can be used in the treatment of multiple system diseases, with the effects of tonifying Qi and ascending Yang, consolidating exterior and stopping sweating, and expressing toxin and promoting granulation. According to the manifestations of different diseases, when combined with other medicines, Astragali Radix was endowed with the effects of promoting granulation and healing up sores, tonifying deficiency and Qi, consolidating exterior and stopping sweating, and dispelling wind and replenishing Qi. The findings provide a theoretical reference and a scientific basis for the clinical application of Astragali Radix and the development of new medicines.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal/history* ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional/history* ; History, Ancient ; Astragalus Plant/chemistry* ; China ; Astragalus propinquus

Objective:To analyze the current situation and core issues of medical escort services in Shanghai through a two-side (supply and demand) survey, so as to provide references for formulating targeted strategies for the standardized management of this industry.Methods:From June to August 2024, a questionnaire survey on awareness of escort services was conducted among patients at 16 tertiary public hospitals in Shanghai. The survey covered patients′ basic information, their needs, concerns, and expectations regarding escort services. Concurrently, a specialized questionnaire was administered to trainees enrolled in Shanghai Open University′s " elderly care escort service provider" program. This survey covered the companions′ basic profiles, types of service recipients, relevant qualifications, training programs, and standardized service procedures. Data were organized and analyzed by using SPSS 26.0 software.Results:The survey on awareness of patient escort services yielded 855 valid responses, achieving a 92.13% response rate. Among these 855 patients, the primary demand for escort services was queue management for examinations (515 cases, 71.47%), followed by assistance with registration/payment/medication pickup (528 cases, 61.74%). 587 patients (68.66%) expressed willingness to use the service. The main concerns included lack of professional expertise among attendants (538 cases, 62.92%), trust issues (494 cases, 57.78%), and fee concerns (456 cases, 53.33%). Expectations for service supervision primarily focused on service quality and safety (618 cases, 72.28%) and pricing standards (609 cases, 71.23%). The specialized survey on medical escort services yielded 194 valid questionnaires, achieving a 100.00% response rate. Among the 194 medical escort service providers, 82.5% (160 individuals) were full-time practitioners, 31.96% (62 individuals) held relevant qualification certificates, and 72.68% (144 individuals) had participated in related training programs. Regarding standardized services, 74.74% (145 individuals) of medical escorts obtained patient information prior to service delivery, 56.70% (110 individuals) signed agreements with users, and 67.01% (130 individuals) maintained records of their medical escort services.Conclusions:Shanghai′s medical escort services had achieved some success, yet faced challenges including high patient demand coupled with low trust, insufficient certification and training for escorts, and an urgent need to improve service standardization. It is recommended that medical institutions further strengthen their primary role in managing escort services. By enhancing top-level design, establishing standardized training and certification mechanisms, implementing comprehensive quality monitoring and credit evaluation systems, and other measures, they could elevate the professional competence of practitioners, reinforce patient safety safeguards, and promote the high-quality, standardized development of escort services.

Body weight abnormalities, including overweight, obesity, and underweight, have become a dual public health challenge in Chinese adults: overweight and obesity lead to a variety of chronic complications, while underweight increases the risks of malnutrition, sarcopenia, and organ dysfunction. To systematically address these issues, multidisciplinary experts in endocrinology, sports science, nutrition, and psychiatry from various regions have held multiple weight management seminars. Based on the latest epidemiological data and clinical evidence, they expanded the guideline to include assessment and intervention strategies for underweight, in addition to the core content of obesity management. This guideline outlines the etiological mechanisms, evaluation methods, and multidimensional management strategies for overweight and obesity, covering key areas such as diagnosis and assessment, medical nutrition therapy, exercise prescription, pharmacological intervention, and psychological support. It is intended to provide a scientific and standardized approach to weight management across the adult population, aiming to curb the rising prevalence of obesity, mitigate complications associated with abnormal body weight, and improve nutritional status and overall quality of life.

Objective:To explore the value of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) and interleukin (IL)-33 in the early diagnosis of contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CIAKI).Methods:It was a prospective cohort study. The clinical data of patients who underwent coronary angiography (CAG) in Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University from December 2022 to December 2023 were collected. The main indicators of NETs included myeloperoxidase (MPO), neutrophil elastase (NE), citrullinated histone H3 (H3Cit) and antimicrobial peptide LL-37 amide (LL-37). Serum samples were collected before CAG, and 2 hours and 12 hours after CAG, and the levels of MPO, NE, H3Cit, LL-37, IL-33 and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) were detected. The differences of clinical data between CIAKI group and non-CIAKI group were compared. Multivariate logistic regression model was applied to analyze the risk factors of CIAKI. The receiver- operating characteristic curve was used to evaluate the predictive performance of biomarkers. Spearman correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlations among those biomarkers.Results:A total of 280 eligible patients with CAG were included in this study, with age of (65±13) years and 203 males (72.5%). The incidence rate of CIAKI was 11.8% (33/280). Compared with non-CIAKI group, the proportions of diabetes ( χ2=5.302, P=0.021), preoperative positive urine protein ( χ2=6.871, P=0.009), taking beta-blockers ( χ2=4.580, P=0.032), diuretics ( χ2=21.987, P<0.001) and calcium channel blocker ( χ2=10.424, P=0.001), preoperative blood glucose ( Z=2.807, P=0.005), preoperative blood urea nitrogen ( Z=2.504, P=0.012), neutrophil at 24 hours after CAG ( Z=2.173, P=0.030), serum creatinine at 24 hours after CAG ( Z=4.000, P<0.001), and blood urea nitrogen at 24 hours after CAG ( Z=4.459, P<0.001) were higher, while the preoperative hemoglobin ( Z=-2.380, P=0.017) and serum albumin ( Z=-2.556, P=0.011) were lower in CIAKI group. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that increasing neutrophil at 24 hours after CAG ( OR=1.180，95% CI 1.037-1.341), diuretics ( OR=5.615，95% CI 2.294-13.745) and calcium channel blockers ( OR=3.141，95% CI 1.374-7.182) were independent influencing factors of CIAKI. There were statistically significant differences in the levels of serum NE, MPO, H3Cit, LL-37, NGAL and IL-33 among before CAG, 2 hours after CAG and 12 hours after CAG in the overall population, CIAKI group and non-CIAKI group (all P<0.05). In addition, the changes of IL-33 before CAG and 12 hours after CAG was positively correlated with the changes of MPO, NE, H3Cit, LL-37, NGAL, serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen before CAG and 12 hours after CAG (all P<0.05). The levels of NE ( Z=3.435, P=0.001; Z=6.164， P<0.001), MPO ( Z=3.627, P<0.001; Z=4.729, P<0.001), H3Cit ( Z=5.174, P<0.001; Z=6.241, P<0.001), LL-37 ( Z=4.986, P<0.001; Z=6.346, P<0.001), NGAL ( Z=2.956, P=0.003; Z=4.263, P<0.001) and IL-33 ( Z=5.056, P<0.001; Z=6.240, P<0.001) in CIAKI group at 2 h and 12 h after CAG were significantly higher than those in non-CIAKI group. The receiver-operating characteristic curve indicated that the combined AUC of neutrophil 24 hours after CAG, diuretics and calcium channel blockers in predicting CIAKI was 0.791. NE ( AUC=0.701), MPO ( AUC=0.712), H3Cit ( AUC=0.777), LL-37 ( AUC=0.767) and IL-33 ( AUC=0.795) at 2 hours after CAG predicted CIAKI relatively well. NE ( AUC=0.865), MPO ( AUC=0.758), H3Cit ( AUC=0.834), LL-37 ( AUC=0.840) and IL-33 ( AUC=0.867) at 12 hours after CAG had better prediction effect for CIAKI. The AUC of NETs combined with IL-33 in predicting CIAKI at 2 hours and 12 hours after CAG was 0.874 and 0.956, respectively. Conclusions:CIAKI patients exhibit elevated levels of NETs and IL-33. Serum MPO, NE, H3Cit, LL-37 and IL-33 at 12 hours after CAG can predict the occurrence of CIAKI. The combination of NETs and IL-33 is more effective in predicting CIAKI.

Glioblastoma multiforme(GBM)is a grade 4 glioma with the highest malignancy and invasiveness in the central nervous system,accounting for approximately 30％of all tumors in the central nervous system.Due to the unclear pathogenesis of GBM,there is currently no specific target for the treatment of GBM.Temozolomide(TMZ)is the only first-line chemotherapeutic drug for the treatment of GBM,but suffers from a low drug response rate and high susceptibility to drug resistance.Therefore,the development of new targets and novel GBM therapeutic agents is an urgent clinical problem.Pentraxin 3(PTX3),a member of the pentameric protein superfamily,has been shown to have a promotive effect on a variety of tumors.Increasing evidences showed that PTX3 played a crucial role in the progression of GBM.PTX3 can promote the proliferation,migration and invasion ability of GBM cells,increase the angiogenesis ability in the GBM microenvironment and malignant progression of GBM.In the article,the structure,physiological function,expression regulation,role and mechanism of PTX3 in GBM were mainly reviewed,with a view to provide guidance for PTX3 as a potential drug target for the treatment of GBM.