Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) is the pillar for the development of motherland medicine, and animal medicine has a long history of application in China, characterized by wide resources, strong activity, definite efficacy, and great benefits. It has significant potential and important status in the consumption market of raw materials of TCM. In the context of global climate change, farming system alterations, and low renewability, the depletion of wild medicinal animal resources has accelerated. Accordingly, the conservation and sustainable utilization of wild resources of animal medicinal materials has become a problem that garners increasing attention and urgently needs to be solved. This paper summarizes the current situation of domestic and foreign medicinal animal breeding and research progress in industrial application in recent years and points out the issues related to standardized breeding, germplasm selection and breeding, and quality evaluation standards for medicinal animals. Furthermore, this paper discusses standardized breeding, quality standards, resource protection and utilization, and the search for alternative resources for rare and endangered medicinal animals. It proposes that researchers should systematically carry out in-depth basic research on animal medicine, improve the breeding scale and level of medicinal animals, employ modern technology to enhance the quality standards of medicinal materials, and strengthen the research and development of alternative resources. This approach aims to effectively address the relationship between protection and utilization and make a significant contribution to the sustainable development of medicinal animal resources and the animal-based Chinese medicinal material industry.
Animals ; Breeding ; China ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Conservation of Natural Resources

Immunometabolism studies focus on the relationships between immune cell functions and cellular energy metabolism pathways.Immunometabolism plays an important regulatory role in immune-related diseases.Mycobacterium tuberculosis(M.tb),an important intracellular pathogenic bacterium,enters alveolar macrophages after infection.The confrontation between M.tb and the host is a complex and dynamic process involving multiple aspects and mechanisms,such as the immune response,granuloma formation,and immune evasion.M.tb effector proteins play key roles in maintaining bacterial virulence and regulating host cell metabolism.This article reviews the reprogramming process of glucose metabolism,lipid metabolism,and immunometabolism,as well as changes in mi-tochondrial function in M.tb-infected host cells,thereby revealing the relationship between M.tb pathogenicity and host metabolic regu-lation,which is important for understanding tuberculosis.

Objective To explore the changes of durability properties of reusable surgical gowns when used in dry and wet conditions.Methods Reusable surgical gowns made of single-layer polyester fiber or 3-layer composite material were selected as test samples,and a Martindale abrasion and pilling tester was used as the basic test platform and modified to form fixtures suitable for the wet state environment.The reusable surgical gowns underwent abrasion experiments in wet and dry conditions to observe the changes in their fiber structure,and were subjected to water penetration resistance and swelling strength tests.Results Visually the reusable surgical gowns had few changes of the microscopic textile fiber structure in dry and wet conditions,and the gowns made of single-layer polyster fiber gained advantages over the outer layers of those of 3-layer composite material in abrasion resistance with the same friction cycles.In dry and wet conditions,the hydrostatic pressure values of the gowns of single-layer polyster fiber gradually decreased with the increase of the degree of abrasion,which were always lower than those of the gowns of 3-layer composite material;the swelling strength of the gowns of single-layer polyster fiber was always greater than that of the gowns of 3-layer composite material,which decreased with the deterioration of the wear more significantly than that of the gowns of 3-layer composite material.Conclusion The reusable surgical gowns made of single-layer polyester fiber or 3-layer composite material have few differences in durability and protective properties at the early stages of ablation in dry and wet conditions.The durability of the gowns decreases as the degree of wear increases,while the trend of the decrease is slowing down until the fabric breaks down and completely loses its barrier effect.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2025,46(6):28-33]

The rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI), especially generative AI (GenAI), has already brought, and will continue to bring, revolutionary changes to our daily production and life, as well as create new opportunities and challenges for diagnostic and therapeutic practices in the medical field. Haihe Hospital of Tianjin University collaborates with the National Supercomputer Center in Tianjin, Tianjin University, and other institutions to carry out research in areas such as smart healthcare, smart services, and smart management. We have conducted research and development of a full-process disease diagnosis and treatment assistance system based on GenAI in the field of smart healthcare. The development of this project is of great significance. The first goal is to upgrade and transform the hospital's information center, organically integrate it with existing information systems, and provide the necessary computing power storage support for intelligent services within the hospital. We have implemented the localized deployment of three models: Tianhe "Tianyuan", WiNGPT, and DeepSeek. The second is to create a digital avatar of the chief physician/chief physician's voice and image by integrating multimodal intelligent interaction technology. With generative intelligence as the core, this solution provides patients with a visual medical interaction solution. The third is to achieve deep adaptation between generative intelligence and the entire process of patient medical treatment. In this project, we have developed assistant tools such as intelligent inquiry, intelligent diagnosis and recognition, intelligent treatment plan generation, and intelligent assisted medical record generation to improve the safety, quality, and efficiency of the diagnosis and treatment process. This study introduces the content of a full-process disease diagnosis and treatment assistance system, aiming to provide references and insights for the digital transformation of the healthcare industry.
Artificial Intelligence ; Humans ; Delivery of Health Care ; Generative Artificial Intelligence

Objective:To analyze the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) screening status and the resulting residual risk (RR) among blood donors across 17 provincial blood centers in China.Methods:This study used a cross-sectional study. Data on HIV infection markers per 100 000 first-time donors (FD) and repeat donors (RD) from January 2015 to December 2024 were extracted from the National Blood Establishment Performance Comparison Information Management System. Questionnaires were used to collect each center′s HIV screening strategy, algorithm, serological test (ST) kit manufacturers, gray-zone setting for ST, and nucleic acid test (NAT) modality, method, and platform. The incidence-window-period model was used to calculate the residual risk for first-time donors (RR FD), repeat donors (RR RD), and total donors (RR TD) at each center. Horizontal and vertical analysis of RR FD, RR RD, and RR TD across centers and years were performed. Results:All 17 centers applied the same HIV screening strategy which was two rounds of ST followed by one round of NAT. Eight of them operated a single screening algorithm, six employed two algorithms and three used three. Eleven centers used both imported and domestic ST kits, five relied on domestic ST kits only, and one used imported ST kits only, while four centers never set a grey zone for ST throughout the decade. For NAT modalities, eight centers adopted both individual nucleic acid test (ID-NAT) and minipool nucleic acid test (MP-NAT), eight used MP-NAT only and one used ID-NAT only. Seven centers combined transcription mediated amplification (TMA) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR), nine used PCR only and one used TMA only, and fourteen centers ran both imported and domestic NAT systems, two used imported systems only and one used a domestic system only. Over the ten-year period, the mean RR FD across the centers ranged from 2.22 to 12.33 per 10 6 person-years, RR RD from 0.83 to 3.29 per 10 6 person-years and RR TD from 1.59 to 9.29 per 10 6 person-years, with center Z4 consistently showing the lowest values for all three metrics and center U4 recording the highest RR FD and RR TD, while center D2 had the highest RR RD. In 2024 compared with 2015, eleven centers achieved a lower RR FD and ten centers achieved lower RR RD and RR TD. The RR FD and RR TD of centers W2 and U4 displayed pronounced fluctuations and an upward trend in recent years. Conclusions:The 17 provincial blood centers maintain consistent HIV screening strategies, while demonstrating variations in screening algorithm, ST kit manufacturers, NAT modalities, methods, and platform. And the RR FD, RR RD, and RR TD differ across centers. Although most centers show declining trend in RR over the ten-year period, some centers exhibite data fluctuations with a rising trend, suggesting potential for further optimization of HIV screening protocols.

Objective:To evaluate the clinical efficacy of a novel surgical approach of debridement, antibiotics, and implant retention (DAIR) with flap transfer, for treating chronic implant infections in bone tumor patients.Methods:A retrospective review was conducted on nine consecutive patients [6 males, 3 females; median age 35(27, 51) years, range 9-71] who underwent a modified procedure of DAIR plus flap transfer between November 2022 and January 2024. The cohort included six cases of chronic periprosthetic joint infection and three cases of chronic plate and screw infection. Tumor diagnoses included seven primary malignant tumors (osteosarcoma=5, undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma of bone=1, synovial sarcoma=1) and two bone metastasis of renal cell carcinoma. The procedure involved wide, radical debridement, meticulous removal of biofilm from implants and surrounding soft tissue, followed by the transfer of a well vascularized musculocutaneous flap to fully envelope the contaminated interface. Pre-operative clinicopathological data, surgical details, postoperative complications and infection recurrence were analyzed.Results:The median interval between initial implantation and debridement was 10.0(3.3, 14.8) months. Median follow-up after debridement was 15.9(15.4, 18.2) months. All nine surgeries were completed as planned: six musculocutaneous flaps, two fasciocutaneous flaps and one muscle-only flap. Implants were preserved in six patients; two required subsequent removal for recurrent infection, and one patient later underwent amputation for tumor recurrence. Infection-free implant survival at 3, 6 and 12 months was 88.9%, 87.5% and 87.5%, respectively. Major complications included one donor-site hematoma, one donor-site sensory deficit and one wound healing delay. All the complications were well management. Both reinfections occurred in proximal tibial prostheses, likely due to limited flap coverage options and local anatomical constraints.Conclusion:Although reinfections happened in two cases DAIR with flap transfer provides promising short-term infection control in patients with chronic implant-associated infections following bone tumor surgery.

Objective:To evaluate the clinical efficacy of a novel surgical approach of debridement, antibiotics, and implant retention (DAIR) with flap transfer, for treating chronic implant infections in bone tumor patients.Methods:A retrospective review was conducted on nine consecutive patients [6 males, 3 females; median age 35(27, 51) years, range 9-71] who underwent a modified procedure of DAIR plus flap transfer between November 2022 and January 2024. The cohort included six cases of chronic periprosthetic joint infection and three cases of chronic plate and screw infection. Tumor diagnoses included seven primary malignant tumors (osteosarcoma=5, undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma of bone=1, synovial sarcoma=1) and two bone metastasis of renal cell carcinoma. The procedure involved wide, radical debridement, meticulous removal of biofilm from implants and surrounding soft tissue, followed by the transfer of a well vascularized musculocutaneous flap to fully envelope the contaminated interface. Pre-operative clinicopathological data, surgical details, postoperative complications and infection recurrence were analyzed.Results:The median interval between initial implantation and debridement was 10.0(3.3, 14.8) months. Median follow-up after debridement was 15.9(15.4, 18.2) months. All nine surgeries were completed as planned: six musculocutaneous flaps, two fasciocutaneous flaps and one muscle-only flap. Implants were preserved in six patients; two required subsequent removal for recurrent infection, and one patient later underwent amputation for tumor recurrence. Infection-free implant survival at 3, 6 and 12 months was 88.9%, 87.5% and 87.5%, respectively. Major complications included one donor-site hematoma, one donor-site sensory deficit and one wound healing delay. All the complications were well management. Both reinfections occurred in proximal tibial prostheses, likely due to limited flap coverage options and local anatomical constraints.Conclusion:Although reinfections happened in two cases DAIR with flap transfer provides promising short-term infection control in patients with chronic implant-associated infections following bone tumor surgery.

Objective To explore the changes of durability properties of reusable surgical gowns when used in dry and wet conditions.Methods Reusable surgical gowns made of single-layer polyester fiber or 3-layer composite material were selected as test samples,and a Martindale abrasion and pilling tester was used as the basic test platform and modified to form fixtures suitable for the wet state environment.The reusable surgical gowns underwent abrasion experiments in wet and dry conditions to observe the changes in their fiber structure,and were subjected to water penetration resistance and swelling strength tests.Results Visually the reusable surgical gowns had few changes of the microscopic textile fiber structure in dry and wet conditions,and the gowns made of single-layer polyster fiber gained advantages over the outer layers of those of 3-layer composite material in abrasion resistance with the same friction cycles.In dry and wet conditions,the hydrostatic pressure values of the gowns of single-layer polyster fiber gradually decreased with the increase of the degree of abrasion,which were always lower than those of the gowns of 3-layer composite material;the swelling strength of the gowns of single-layer polyster fiber was always greater than that of the gowns of 3-layer composite material,which decreased with the deterioration of the wear more significantly than that of the gowns of 3-layer composite material.Conclusion The reusable surgical gowns made of single-layer polyester fiber or 3-layer composite material have few differences in durability and protective properties at the early stages of ablation in dry and wet conditions.The durability of the gowns decreases as the degree of wear increases,while the trend of the decrease is slowing down until the fabric breaks down and completely loses its barrier effect.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2025,46(6):28-33]

Immunometabolism studies focus on the relationships between immune cell functions and cellular energy metabolism pathways.Immunometabolism plays an important regulatory role in immune-related diseases.Mycobacterium tuberculosis(M.tb),an important intracellular pathogenic bacterium,enters alveolar macrophages after infection.The confrontation between M.tb and the host is a complex and dynamic process involving multiple aspects and mechanisms,such as the immune response,granuloma formation,and immune evasion.M.tb effector proteins play key roles in maintaining bacterial virulence and regulating host cell metabolism.This article reviews the reprogramming process of glucose metabolism,lipid metabolism,and immunometabolism,as well as changes in mi-tochondrial function in M.tb-infected host cells,thereby revealing the relationship between M.tb pathogenicity and host metabolic regu-lation,which is important for understanding tuberculosis.

Objective:To analyze the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) screening status and the resulting residual risk (RR) among blood donors across 17 provincial blood centers in China.Methods:This study used a cross-sectional study. Data on HIV infection markers per 100 000 first-time donors (FD) and repeat donors (RD) from January 2015 to December 2024 were extracted from the National Blood Establishment Performance Comparison Information Management System. Questionnaires were used to collect each center′s HIV screening strategy, algorithm, serological test (ST) kit manufacturers, gray-zone setting for ST, and nucleic acid test (NAT) modality, method, and platform. The incidence-window-period model was used to calculate the residual risk for first-time donors (RR FD), repeat donors (RR RD), and total donors (RR TD) at each center. Horizontal and vertical analysis of RR FD, RR RD, and RR TD across centers and years were performed. Results:All 17 centers applied the same HIV screening strategy which was two rounds of ST followed by one round of NAT. Eight of them operated a single screening algorithm, six employed two algorithms and three used three. Eleven centers used both imported and domestic ST kits, five relied on domestic ST kits only, and one used imported ST kits only, while four centers never set a grey zone for ST throughout the decade. For NAT modalities, eight centers adopted both individual nucleic acid test (ID-NAT) and minipool nucleic acid test (MP-NAT), eight used MP-NAT only and one used ID-NAT only. Seven centers combined transcription mediated amplification (TMA) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR), nine used PCR only and one used TMA only, and fourteen centers ran both imported and domestic NAT systems, two used imported systems only and one used a domestic system only. Over the ten-year period, the mean RR FD across the centers ranged from 2.22 to 12.33 per 10 6 person-years, RR RD from 0.83 to 3.29 per 10 6 person-years and RR TD from 1.59 to 9.29 per 10 6 person-years, with center Z4 consistently showing the lowest values for all three metrics and center U4 recording the highest RR FD and RR TD, while center D2 had the highest RR RD. In 2024 compared with 2015, eleven centers achieved a lower RR FD and ten centers achieved lower RR RD and RR TD. The RR FD and RR TD of centers W2 and U4 displayed pronounced fluctuations and an upward trend in recent years. Conclusions:The 17 provincial blood centers maintain consistent HIV screening strategies, while demonstrating variations in screening algorithm, ST kit manufacturers, NAT modalities, methods, and platform. And the RR FD, RR RD, and RR TD differ across centers. Although most centers show declining trend in RR over the ten-year period, some centers exhibite data fluctuations with a rising trend, suggesting potential for further optimization of HIV screening protocols.