Objective To explore the incidence rate and related factors of dyslipidemia in children with simple obesity and overweight. Methods From October 2018 to December 2023, 254 children with simple obesity and overweight who received physical examination in the pediatric outpatient department of Beijing Jishuitan Hospital were selected as the observation group, and 46 healthy children during the same period were included in the control group. According to whether dyslipidemia occurred, children with simple obesity and overweight were classified into the dyslipidemia group (n=97) and the normal blood lipid group (n=157). Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the related factors affecting dyslipidemia in children with simple obesity and overweight. Results The concentrations of total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) of children in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.05), while the level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) showed the opposite trend and was significantly lower than that in the control group (P<0.05). After logistic regression analysis, it was found that body mass index (BMI), fasting insulin level, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity, uric acid level, and daily sedentary time were related factors influencing dyslipidemia in children with simple obesity and overweight (P<0.05). Conclusion The incidence rate of dyslipidemia is high in children with simple obesity and overweight. BMI, fasting insulin level, ALT, uric acid level, and daily sedentary time are related factors of dyslipidemia in children with simple obesity and overweight.

ObjectiveTo analyze the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of the 21 confirmed monkeypox cases in a district of Chengdu City, and to provide scientific guidance for the prevention and control of subsequent monkeypox epidemics. MethodsData of confirmed monkeypox cases residing in this district were collected from the Disease Control and Prevention Information System of China. A retrospective descriptive epidemiological analysis was used to analyze the demographic, distributional and behavioral characteristics of the cases. ResultsThe first confirmed case of monkeypox was reported on July 5, 2023. Up to April 30, 2025, a total of 21 confirmed cases of monkeypox have been reported. All cases were male, with a mean age of (30.9±6.2) years. The highest proportion of cases(47.62%) was in the 30‒40 years age group. The majority were men who have sex with men (MSM) population (90.48%, 19/21). The results showed that 19.05% of cases were co-infected with HIV, and 19.05% had a history of syphilis infection. Within 21 days prior to symptom onset, 19 cases (90.48%) self-reported engaging in male-to-male sexual contact, among whom 10 cases (52.63%) reported having taken protective measures, while 9 cases (47.37%) did not take safety precautions. Thirteen cases (61.90%) had no travel history to areas with reported monkeypox cases during the 21 days before symptom onset. The predominant manifestation was exanthem (100%, 21/21), followed by fever (57.14%, 12/21) and lymphadenectasis (47.62%, 10/21). Among febrile cases, 50.00% (6/12) had low-grade fever (37.3‒38.0 ℃). All cases were identified through active medical consultation. The median interval from symptom onset to the first medical visit was 3 (2, 6) days, with a maximum interval of 14 days. The median interval from symptom onset to laboratory confirmation was 7 (5, 9) days. Six cases (28.57%) had two or more visits to the hospital, with bacterial infection being the primary initial diagnosis. ConclusionMonkeypox prevention and control efforts in a district of Chengdu City should prioritize MSM population and young and middle-aged adults aged 30 to <40 years. It is recommended to establish an integrated monkeypox epidemic prevention and control network by leveraging existing HIV/AIDS prevention and control network. Concurrently, accelerating the deployment of the national intelligent infectious disease monitoring and early warning front-end software will strengthen early detection capabilities and be beneficial for the overall effectiveness of epidemic prevention and control efforts.

Objective To measure the urethral meatus circumference in middle-aged and elderly males to undergo surgery for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), and to collect data for developing endoscopic equipment suitable for the male urethra in China. Methods Clinical data were collected from patients (aged ≥50 years) who underwent transurethral resection of prostate in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University during Jan. and Dec. 2024. All patients had the urethral meatus circumference measured with a metal urethral probe before surgery, followed by the use of a F26.5 endoscopic sheath for surgery. The passage of urethral meatus using different types of metal urethral probes were observed. Results For the 183 patients, the types of endoscopic sheath smoothly passing through the urethral meatus were distributed as follows:42 cases (22.95%) with F26 or above, 66 cases (36.07%) with F25-26, 27 cases (14.75%) with F23-24, 26 cases (14.21%) with F21-22, 22 cases (12.02%) with F20 or below, and the smallest was F17 (1 case). Of all patients, 59.02% (108/183) were able to insert the F26.5 endoscopic sheath smoothly into the urethral meatus (≥F25), 28.96% (53/183) required force or urethral dilation before inserting (F21-F24), and 12.02% (22/183) needed to open the urethral meatus before inserting the endoscopic sheath (≤F20). Conclusion When the most common F26.5 endoscopic sheath is used, 40.98% of the patients have the possibility of urethral injury, which is significantly too big for male transurethral surgery. For patients undergoing transurethral BPH surgery, a thinner sheath should be used to reduce the possibility of urethral injury and secondary iatrogenic urethral stricture.

Huangqintang， with its accurate efficacy， is a classic formula specialized in treating dysentery recommended and promoted by medical experts from successive generations， and it was included in the Catalogue of Ancient Classic Prescriptions （the Second Batch， Han Chinese medicine prescriptions） published by the National Administration of Traditional Chinses Medicine （TCM） in 2023. The method of bibliometrics was applied in this study to conduct textual research on the classic formula Huangqintang and provide a literature reference for the development of modern preparations of Huangqintang. A total of 2 026 pieces of ancient literature were searched with "Huangqintang" as the key word， and 23 pieces of effective data were selected， involving 15 ancient TCM books. The historic evolution， composition， dosage， origin， processing methods， preparation and decocting methods， efficiency， and application of Huangqintang were carefully reviewed. The results showed that Huangqintang was first recorded in the Treatise on Febrile Diseases written by ZHANG Zhongjing. It has the effect of clearing heat， stopping dysentery， regulating the middle， and downbearing counterflow and has become one of the classic formulas widely used in clinical practice. Because of its accurate efficacy， medical experts from later generations have modified it from its original composition. Though many prescriptions have different names， it is the manifestation of physicians' inheritance and development of the thought of ZHANG Zhongjing. Ancient literature showed this prescription had wide indications yet centered on digestive system diseases such as dysentery and abdominal pain. Modern applications of Huangqintang involve digestive， respiratory， ophthalmology and otolaryngology， gynecological， skin， musculoskeletal system， and connective tissue， and this prescription has great potential in treating ulcerative colitis， diarrhea， acute enteritis， and damp-heat dysentery. Through a systematic textual excavation and review of the ancient literature about Huangqintang， the paper has confirmed its key information， so as to provide a scientific basis for the clinical application and new drug development of classic formulas.

ObjectiveTo construct an intelligent model for literature screening， retrieval， and data extraction with a systematic review of coronary heart disease syndromes as an example， so as to improve the efficiency of evidence-based Chinese medicine research. MethodsBased on China National Knowledge Infrastructure （CNKI）， VIP and Wanfang Data Resource System， the articles related to coronary heart disease syndrome research published from January 1， 2000 to December 31， 2023 were retrieved. Automated tools were used to batch retrieve paper metadata. Using text similarity algorithms， papers were merged， deduplicated， and subjected to preliminary screening based on titles and abstracts. Further screening was performed using object detection and image processing technologies on the full texts and statistical tables. Natural language processing （NLP） techniques and pre-trained models were applied to extract information. ResultsThe initial search retrieved 56 255 coronary heart disease syndrome-related articles. By artificial intelligence-assisted preliminary and secondary screening， the manual verification scope was narrowed to 1075 articles. Ultimately， 646 coronary heart disease syndrome related studies were included manually. With accuracy verification showing over 90% consistency in semantic recognition and element decomposition processes， we achieved data extraction and standardization processing for both basic literature information and 38 syndrome element statistics. ConclusionBy incorporating natural language processing， pre-trained models， artificial intelligence image processing and other technologies， this study enabled efficient retrieval， screening and standardized data extraction of Chinese medicine research literature.

ObjectiveTo establish a geographical origin identification model for Foeniculi Fructus from Haiyuan， providing a new technical reference for the protection of Haiyuan's geo-authentic medicinal materials and its designation as a national geographical indication agricultural product. MethodsSamples of Foeniculi Fructus were collected from eight producing areas， including Minqin （Gansu）， Bozhou （Anhui）， Qingdao （Shandong）， Dezhou （Shandong）， Urumqi （Xinjiang）， Nujiang （Yunnan）， Gutuo （Inner Mongolia）， and Haiyuan （Ningxia）. Gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry （GC-IMS） was used to detect the volatile organic compounds （VOCs） in samples from these geographic origins. VOCs were qualitatively analyzed through dual matching with the National Institute of Standards and Technology （NIST） mass spectral database and the IMS drift time database. Using the Reporter module and Gallery Plot visualization tools within the LAV analytical platform， VOC fingerprint profiles characterizing geographic origins were constructed. A non-targeted analytical strategy was adopted， and 97 VOCs detected via GC-IMS were subjected to principal component analysis （PCA） and partial least squares discriminant analysis （PLS-DA） based on their differential distribution patterns to construct an origin identification model for Foeniculi Fructus from Haiyuan region. Key discriminative markers were screened using variable importance in projection （VIP） values greater than 1. ResultsA total of 97 VOCs were identified， including alcohols， aldehydes， ketones， esters， organic acids， terpenoids， ethers， alkenes， and benzenes. The PLS-DA model， based on VOCs data obtained by GC-IMS， effectively distinguished Foeniculi Fructus in Haiyuan region from those of other origins. During cross-validation， the model achieved a prediction parameter （Q²） of 0.976 and a goodness-of-fit parameter （R²） of 0.936， with no overfitting observed in permutation testing. Twelve key flavor markers with VIP > 1 were identified as characteristic indicators of Haiyuan origin. ConclusionA stable and highly predictive origin identification model for Foeniculi Fructus from Haiyuan was successfully established using GC-IMS technology， PLS-DA， and VIP-based marker screening. This model provides a novel technical strategy for accurately distinguishing Foeniculi Fructus in Haiyuan region from other regional varieties and offers new technical support for its protection as a geo-authentic medicinal material and a nationally designated geographical indication agricultural product in China.

ObjectiveTo establish a geographical origin identification model for Foeniculi Fructus from Haiyuan， providing a new technical reference for the protection of Haiyuan's geo-authentic medicinal materials and its designation as a national geographical indication agricultural product. MethodsSamples of Foeniculi Fructus were collected from eight producing areas， including Minqin （Gansu）， Bozhou （Anhui）， Qingdao （Shandong）， Dezhou （Shandong）， Urumqi （Xinjiang）， Nujiang （Yunnan）， Gutuo （Inner Mongolia）， and Haiyuan （Ningxia）. Gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry （GC-IMS） was used to detect the volatile organic compounds （VOCs） in samples from these geographic origins. VOCs were qualitatively analyzed through dual matching with the National Institute of Standards and Technology （NIST） mass spectral database and the IMS drift time database. Using the Reporter module and Gallery Plot visualization tools within the LAV analytical platform， VOC fingerprint profiles characterizing geographic origins were constructed. A non-targeted analytical strategy was adopted， and 97 VOCs detected via GC-IMS were subjected to principal component analysis （PCA） and partial least squares discriminant analysis （PLS-DA） based on their differential distribution patterns to construct an origin identification model for Foeniculi Fructus from Haiyuan region. Key discriminative markers were screened using variable importance in projection （VIP） values greater than 1. ResultsA total of 97 VOCs were identified， including alcohols， aldehydes， ketones， esters， organic acids， terpenoids， ethers， alkenes， and benzenes. The PLS-DA model， based on VOCs data obtained by GC-IMS， effectively distinguished Foeniculi Fructus in Haiyuan region from those of other origins. During cross-validation， the model achieved a prediction parameter （Q²） of 0.976 and a goodness-of-fit parameter （R²） of 0.936， with no overfitting observed in permutation testing. Twelve key flavor markers with VIP > 1 were identified as characteristic indicators of Haiyuan origin. ConclusionA stable and highly predictive origin identification model for Foeniculi Fructus from Haiyuan was successfully established using GC-IMS technology， PLS-DA， and VIP-based marker screening. This model provides a novel technical strategy for accurately distinguishing Foeniculi Fructus in Haiyuan region from other regional varieties and offers new technical support for its protection as a geo-authentic medicinal material and a nationally designated geographical indication agricultural product in China.

Thyroid cancer is the most common malignancy of the endocrine system, with an incidence that has been steadily rising over recent years. Over the past decade, through the implementation of standardized and homogenized diagnostic and therapeutic protocols, the five-year survival rate for thyroid cancer in China has significantly improved, increasing from 67.5% in 2003 to 92.9% in 2021. Nevertheless, due to the marked heterogeneity of thyroid cancer—ranging from low-risk papillary microcarcinomas to highly aggressive undifferentiated carcinomas—there exists considerable variation in tumor biology and clinical outcomes. This article provides a systematic review of the global epidemiological trends and current treatment practices for thyroid cancer. It offers an in-depth analysis of recent updates to both domestic and international clinical guidelines, and, based on a stratified treatment approach, elaborates on key aspects of precision medicine, including preoperative risk stratification, intraoperative functional preservation, postoperative dynamic risk assessment, and long-term follow-up strategies. Furthermore, the article proposes the establishment of a multidisciplinary, thyroid surgeon-led comprehensive management system across the entire treatment continuum.

Objective To investigate the influencing factors of bone mineral density(BMD)in school-stage children with different degrees of obesity and their relationship with body composition.Methods A total of 271 obese children aged 6-12 years who underwent pediatric health checkups in our hospital between October 2018 and December 2023 were selected.The children were divided into two groups according to their degree of obesity:a simple obesity group(n=171)and an extreme obesity group(n=100).All children were examined for metabolic indicators,body composition,BMD,and abdominal ultrasonography.Comparisons of various indicators between the two groups were made using the independent samplesttest,Mann-Whitney Utest,or chi-square test.The relationship between BMD and body composition was analyzed using multiple linear regression and Spearman correlation analyses.Results Compared with simple obesity group,the body weight,body mass index(BMI)z-score,body fat index,muscle mass index,fat-free body mass index,body fat percentage,waist-to-hip ratio,fasting insulin level,insulin resistance index,uric acid,and fatty liver incidence were significantly higher in extreme obesity group(all P<0.05).No statistically significant differences in height,BMD,BMD z-score,25-hydroxy-vitamin D,blood sugar,calcium,phosphorus,alkaline phosphatase,or rate of puberty development were observed between the two groups(all P>0.05).The results of the Spearman correlation analysis showed that the BMI z-score,body fat index,muscle mass index,and fat-free BMI were pos-itively correlated with the BMD z-scores of all participants and in girls(all P<0.05).In boys,the BMD z-score was positively correlated with muscle mass index and fat-free mass index(both P<0.05).The results of multiple linear regression analysis of BMD z-scores and body composition showed that in boys and the simple obesity group,body fat percentage and body fat index were independent influencing factors of BMD z-scores(both P<0.05).Conclusion Higher body fat percentage and body fat index may be adverse factors influencing BMD in school-stage children with obesity.Meanwhile,the BMD of school-age children with obesity increased with an increase in fat-free mass index.

Objective To explore changes of blood cell counts and hepatic and splenic fibrosis rates in rat models of liver cirrhosis and portal hypertension after partial splenic artery embolization(PSE).Methods Fifteen rat models of liver cirrhosis and portal hypertension were successfully established.Red blood cell(RBC),white blood cell(WBC)and platelet(PLT)counts were measured.Splenic artery angiography and PSE were performed in 10 rats(PSE group),while only splenic artery angiography was performed in the rest 5 rats(control group).1 week after interventions,RBC,WBC and PLT counts were remeasured,and then the rats were euthanized to obtain liver and spleen specimens for pathological examination and evaluation of fibrosis rate.The changes of blood cell count within 1 week and the hepatic and splenic fibrosis rates 1 week after intervention were compared between groups.Results Rats in both groups exhibited good general condition within 1 week after intervention.One week after intervention,RBC,WBC and PLT counts in PSE group were all significantly higher than those before intervention(all P＜0.05),and the increasing rate of RBC,WBC and PLT counts in PSE group were larger than those in control group(all P＜0.05).WBC and PLT counts in PSE group 1 week after intervention were all higher than those in control group(both P＜0.05),but no significant difference of RBC count was observed between groups(P＞0.05).One week after intervention,hepatic fibrosis rate was higher,while splenic fibrosis rate was lower in PSE group than that in control group(both P＜0.05).Conclusion PSE might be used to improve decrease of blood cell count caused by hypersplenism in rat with liver cirrhosis and portal hypertension,hence reverse or slow down progression of splenic fibrosis.