The eutR gene deletion mutant of Salmonella enteritidis was successfully constructed by homologous recombination.Through the study of its biochemical characteristics,motility,resist-ance to stress in vitro and survival ability in RAW 264.7 cells,it was found that the biochemical characteristics and motility of the eutR gene deletion mutant of Salmonella enteritidis had no sig-nificant change compared with the wild type of Salmonella enteritidis.The ability of eutR gene de-letion strain of Salmonella enteritidis to resist acid,alkali and oxidation was significantly reduced,while the ability to resist heat was not significantly changed;the survival ability of eutR gene dele-tion strain in RAW 264.7 cells was significantly reduced compared with the wild type.In order to further analyze the effect of eutR gene on the expression of virulence factors of Salmonella enterit-idis,the relative expression levels of invH,ssav,ssrA,xthA,orf245,sodC,lrp,mrr1 and hflk virulence genes of the deletion strain and the wild strain were detected by SYBR Green PCR.It was found that the expression of the virulence factors mentioned above in the eutR gene deletion strain of Salmonella enteritidis was significantly down-regulated compared with that in the wild-type strain.The LD50 of the eutR gene-deleted strain of Salmonella enteritidis was determined by ani-mal experiments,and the results showed that the LD50 of the eutR gene-deleted strain was higher than that of the wild-type strain,indicating that the eutR gene could affect the virulence of Salmonella.This study clarified the effect of eutR gene on the survival ability,some biological characteristics and virulence of Salmonella enteritidis in macrophages,and provided a new gene knockout target for the development of attenuated Salmonella enteritidis genetic engineering vac-cine.

With the optimization of surgical technologies and postoperative management regimens, the number of lung transplantation has been significantly increased, which has become an important treatment for patients with end-stage lung disease. However, due to the impact of comprehensive factors, such as bronchial ischemia and immunosuppression, the incidence of airway stenosis after lung transplantation is relatively high, which severely affects postoperative survival and quality of life of lung transplant recipients. In recent years, with the improvement of perioperative management, organ preservation and surgical technologies, the incidence of airway stenosis after lung transplantation has been declined, but it remains at a high level. Early diagnosis and timely intervention play a significant role in enhancing clinical prognosis of patients with airway stenosis. In this article, the general conditions, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of airway stenosis after lung transplantation were reviewed, aiming to provide reference for comprehensive management of airway stenosis after lung transplantation and improving clinical prognosis of lung transplant recipients.

Objective:To evaluate the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of HEMO-FISS-QoL(HF-QoL) questionnaire (HF-QoL-C) in the Chinese population with hemorrhoids.Methods:From November 2021 to November 2022, a self-constructed general information questionnaire, HF-QoL-C, and the 36-item short form health survey (SF-36), Goligher classification, and Giordano severity of hemorrhoid symptom questionnaire (GSQ) were used to conduct a questionnaire survey on 760 hemorrhoid patients in the anorectal department of six hospitals. The data was analyzed for reliability and validity using SPSS 21.0 and AMOS 26.0 software.Results:The Cronbach's α coefficient of HF-QoL-C and its dimension ranged from 0.831 to 0.960, and the split coefficient was 0.832-0.915. Four common factors were extracted through principal component exploratory factor analysis. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated acceptable structural validity( χ2/ df=8.152, RSMEA=0.097, CFI=0.881, IFI=0.881, NFI=0.867). HF-QoL-C was correlated with SF36 and GSQ( r=-0.694, 0.501, both P<0.01). There were differences in the total score and dimensional scores of HF-QoL-C between surgical and drug treated patients, different grades of Goligher classification for hemorrhoidal disease, and different ranges of hemorrhoid prolapse (all P<0.001). No ceiling effect was found in the total score and the scores of each dimension(0.3%-2.0%). There was a floor effect in both psychological function and sexual activity dimensions (16.7%, 35.1%). Conclusion:HF-QoL-C has good reliability and validity, which can be used to measure the quality of life of Chinese hemorrhoid patients.

Objective: To explore the characteristics and related factors of adolescent executive function, so as to provide theoretical basis for promoting the development of adolescent executive function. Methods: A total of 5 018 adolescents aged 13-18 from Shanghai, Suzhou, Taiyuan, Wuyuan, Xingyi and Urumqi were selected by convenient cluster random sampling method from September to December 2022, and their basic information, family status, lifestyle behavior, physical fitness and executive function were investigated by questionnaire survey. Considering the heterogeneity between schools, a multilevel Logistic model was established to analyze the related factors of adolescent executive function. Results: The inhibitory function of high school students was better than that of middle school students (Z=-2.69). In terms of refreshment function, high school students were superior than middle school students (1-back:Z=-11.32; 2-back:Z=-11.36), and male students were superior than female students (2-back:Z=-2.18); in terms of shifting function, high school students were superior than middle school students (Z=-2.63), and boys were superior than girls (Z=-7.10)(P<0.05). The results of multilevel model analysis showed that the executive function of adolescents was clustered at the school level. At the individual level, junior high school refreshment function (1-back:β=56.94; 2-back:β=127.00), and shifting function (β=35.64) were worse than that of high school students; the refreshment function 2-back (β=-21.24) and shifting function (β=-28.42) of male students were better than those of female students; the refreshment function 2-back of nononly child was better than that of only child (β=-19.36); refreshment function of low fitness was worse than that of high fitness (β=37.35); the shifting function of the video screen time not up to standard was better than that of the standard (β=-14.30)(P<0.05). Conclusions The executive function of high school students is better than that of middle school students, the refreshment function and shifting function of boys are better than that of girls. Family environment, lifestyle and physical health are significant factors related to executive function of Chinese adolescents. By raising awareness of the major supporting and impeding factors for executive functioning in adolescents, it can help to develop effective intervention programs for adolescents.

Objective To explore the curative effect of indobufen combined with clopidogrel and its influences on platelet activity and coagulation function in patients with acute myocardial infarction(AMI)after percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI).Methods According to different treatment methods,patients with AMI were divided into treatment group and control group.The control group was given clopidogrel(75 mg,qd)and aspirin(0.1 g,qd),while treatment group was given clopidogrel(75 mg,qd)and indobufen tablets(0.1 g,bid).All were treated for 1 month.The curative effect,platelet count(PLT),mean platelet volume(MPV),prothrombin time(PT),fibrinogen(FIB)and D-dimer(D-D)before and after treatment,and adverse events within 1 month after medication were compared between the two groups.Results There were 38 cases in treatment group and 43 cases in control group.After treatment,curative effect in treatment group and control group were 97.37％and 86.05％,PLT were(167.89±43.62)× 109·L-1 and(183.73±49.81)× 109·L-1,MPV were(11.86±2.31)and(10.97±2.16)fl,FIB levels were(2.53±0.61)and(2.78±0.72)g·L-1,D-D levels were(0.20±0.06)and(0.22±0.07)mg·L-1,PT were(12.82±2.35)and(12.26±2.28)s,the difference was not statistically significant(all P＞0.05).The incidence of adverse drug reactions in treatment group and control group were 2.63％and 11.63％,and the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.001).Conclusion Indobufen combined with clopidogrel has the comparable curative effect and good anti-platelet aggregation effect as aspirin,and indobufen has higher safety.So it is recommended as the medication regimen for AMI patients after PCI.

Background/Aims: Low educational attainment is a well-established risk factor for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in developed areas. However, the association between educational attainment and the risk of NAFLD is less clear in China. Methods: A cross-sectional study including over 200,000 Chinese adults across mainland China was conducted. Information on education level and lifestyle factors were obtained through standard questionnaires, while NAFLD and advanced fibrosis were diagnosed using validated formulas. Outcomes included the risk of NAFLD in the general population and high probability of fibrosis among patients with NAFLD. Logistic regression analysis was employed to estimate the risk of NAFLD and fibrosis across education levels. A causal mediation model was used to explore the potential mediators. Results: Comparing with those receiving primary school education, the multi-adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) for NAFLD were 1.28 (1.16 to 1.41) for men and 0.94 (0.89 to 0.99) for women with college education after accounting for body mass index. When considering waist circumference, the odds ratios (95% CIs) were 0.94 (0.86 to 1.04) for men and 0.88 (0.80 to 0.97) for women, respectively. The proportions mediated by general and central obesity were 51.00% and 68.04% for men, while for women the proportions were 48.58% and 32.58%, respectively. Furthermore, NAFLD patients with lower educational attainment showed an incremental increased risk of advanced fibrosis in both genders. Conclusions In China, a low education level was associated with a higher risk of prevalent NAFLD in women, as well as high probability of fibrosis in both genders.

Objective:To investigate the effects of sclerostin (SOST) and WNT/CTNNB1 signaling pathway on the cell cycle, migration and invasion of human uveal melanoma (UM) cells and its related mechanism.Methods:UM tissues from 20 cases of epithelioid UM and 16 cases of spindle cell type UM were collected.The contents of SOST, Wnt-1 and Catenin beta-1 proteins in the collected tissues were detected by immunohistochemical staining.Three human UM tissue derived cell lines OCM-1 (primary spindle cell type), Mum-2B (metastatic epithelioid) and Mum-2C (metastatic spindle cell type) were selected and divided into three groups, blank control group not transfected, empty vector group transfected with SOST negative control vector and SOST siRNA group transfected with SOST siRNA.After 24-hour transfection, the mRNA and protein expression levels of SOST, CTNNB1, WNT protein family 1 (WNT1), CCND1, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)2 and MMP9 were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR and Western blot, respectively.The invasion and migration ability of the transfected cells were measured by transwell method, and the cell cycle distribution was detected by flow cytometry.Another 9 female BALB/c nude mice were selected and randomized into OCM-1 group, OCM-1 empty vector group and SOST shRNA group, inoculated with OCM-1 without lentivirus infection, OCM-1 with blank lentivirus infection and OCM-1 with SOST shRNA lentivirus infection, respectively.Six weeks after inoculation, the in situ formation of tumor was observed.The interaction between SOST and low density lipoprotein receptor related protein(LRP)-5/6 in OCM-1 cells was explored by co-immunoprecipitation assay.The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital (2018KY[L]-20).Results:Immunohistochemical staining results showed that the SOST expression level was higher and the expression levels of Wnt-1 and Catenin beta-1 were lower in spindle cell type UM tissues than in epithelioid UM tissues, and the differences were all statistically significant (all at P<0.01). The real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR results showed that the relative expression of SOST mRNA was significantly lower and the relative expressions of CCND1, WNT1 and MMP9 mRNA were significantly higher in SOST siRNA groups than in corresponding empty vector groups in the three cell lines (all at P<0.05). In OCM-1 and Mum-2C cell lines, the relative expressions of CTNNB1 mRNA were significantly higher in SOST siRNA groups than in empty vector groups (all at P<0.01). Western blot results showed that the relative expression of SOST protein was significantly lower and the relative expressions of Wnt-1, Catenin beta-1, cyclin-D1, MMP2 and MMP9 proteins were significantly higher in SOST siRNA groups than in empty vector groups (all at P<0.01). Transwell assay showed that the cell invasion and migration ability of SOST siRNA group was significantly higher than that of blank control group and empty vector group in the three cell lines (all at P<0.01). Flow cytometry showed that the proportion of G1-phase cells and the G1/S-phase ratio were significantly lower in SOST siRNA group than in blank control groups and empty vector groups (all at P<0.01). The eyeball volume of OCM-1 group, OCM-1 empty vector group and SOST shRNA group was (42.7±4.6), (49.0±22.9) and (135.2±32.7)mm 3, respectively, showing a significant overall difference ( F=19.963, P<0.01). The eyeball volume of SOST shRNA group was larger than that of OCM-1 group and OCM-1 empty vector group, and the differences were statistically significant (both at P<0.05). Co-immunoprecipitation results showed that SOST could interact with LRP-5 and LRP-6 by binding to them, respectively. Conclusions:Silencing SOST can promote the invasion and migration of UM cells, and increase the proportion of UM cells in the division phase.Silencing SOST can promote tumor growth in eyes of nude mice.SOST may play this function by interacting with the membrane receptor LRP-5/LRP-6 and then regulating the WNT/CTNNB1 signal pathway.

Platelets are reprogrammed by cancer via a process called education, which favors cancer development. The transcriptional profile of tumor-educated platelets (TEPs) is skewed and therefore practicable for cancer detection. This intercontinental, hospital-based, diagnostic study included 761 treatment-naïve inpatients with histologically confirmed adnexal masses and 167 healthy controls from nine medical centers (China, n = 3; Netherlands, n = 5; Poland, n = 1) between September 2016 and May 2019. The main outcomes were the performance of TEPs and their combination with CA125 in two Chinese (VC1 and VC2) and the European (VC3) validation cohorts collectively and independently. Exploratory outcome was the value of TEPs in public pan-cancer platelet transcriptome datasets. The AUCs for TEPs in the combined validation cohort, VC1, VC2, and VC3 were 0.918 (95% CI 0.889-0.948), 0.923 (0.855-0.990), 0.918 (0.872-0.963), and 0.887 (0.813-0.960), respectively. Combination of TEPs and CA125 demonstrated an AUC of 0.922 (0.889-0.955) in the combined validation cohort; 0.955 (0.912-0.997) in VC1; 0.939 (0.901-0.977) in VC2; 0.917 (0.824-1.000) in VC3. For subgroup analysis, TEPs exhibited an AUC of 0.858, 0.859, and 0.920 to detect early-stage, borderline, non-epithelial diseases and 0.899 to discriminate ovarian cancer from endometriosis. TEPs had robustness, compatibility, and universality for preoperative diagnosis of ovarian cancer since it withstood validations in populations of different ethnicities, heterogeneous histological subtypes, and early-stage ovarian cancer. However, these observations warrant prospective validations in a larger population before clinical utilities.
Humans ; Female ; Blood Platelets/pathology* ; Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics* ; Ovarian Neoplasms/pathology* ; China

Objective:To analyze the endoscopic characteristics of early gastric cancer and precancerous lesions after Helicobacter pylori ( H. pylori) eradication. Methods:From May 2019 to June 2022, at Shanghai Sixth People′s Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, the medical data of patients diagnosed with differentiated early gastric cancer and precancerous lesions were collected. A total of 93 patients with early gastric cancer and precancerous lesions who had previous history of H. pylori infection and had undergone standardized eradication treatment were selected, and their endoscopic characteristics were retrospectively analyzed. Independent sample t-test, chi-square test, and Fisher′s exact test were used for statistical analysis. Results:Among 93 patients with early gastric cancer and precancerous lesions after H. pylori eradication, there were 56 males and 37 females, with an average age of (66.9±8.2) years old. The time after H. pylori eradication was 3.4 years (range 1.0 to 7.0 years). A total of 109 early gastric cancer and precancerous lesions were found, including 79 patients with single lesion and 14 patients with multiple lesions (30 lesions). There were 60 cases with 73 lesions in the early gastric cancer group and 33 cases with 36 lesions in the precancerous group. Among 93 patients, 89 cases (95.7%) were diagnosed with atrophy level above C-2 according to Kimura-Takemoto classification under endoscopy. The long diameter of 109 lesions was (1.38±0.70) cm and the short diameter was (1.04±0.53) cm. A total of 80 lesions (73.4%) were located in the lower 1/3 part of the stomach, and 53 lesions (48.6%) were located in the lesser curvature. A total of 106 lesions (97.2%) were superficial type (0-Ⅱ) under the endoscopy. The long diameter and short diameter in the early gastric cancer group after H. pylori eradication were both greater than those in the precancerous lesion group ((1.54±0.78) cm vs. (1.06±0.35) cm, (1.16±0.58) cm vs. (0.78±0.33) cm), and the differences were statistically significant ( t=3.53 and 3.73, both P<0.001). There was statistically significant difference in the morphological types between early gastric cancer group after H. pylori eradication and precancerous lesion group ( χ2=11.01, P=0.012). The main morphological type of early gastric cancer after H. pylori eradication was superficial depression type (0-Ⅱc), accounting for 45.2% (33/73), while the precancerous lesions were mainly superficial protruded and flat type, both accounting for 38.9% (14/36). Conclusions:After H. pylori eradication, the endoscopic atrophy range of early gastric cancer and precancerous lesions is mostly above C-2. And the lesions are mostly located in the middle and lower 1/3 part of the stomach, long diameter of lesions <20 mm. The main morphological type is superficial type, especially superficial depression type.