Hongsheng Dan, historically referred to as the "surgical sacred medicine", is at risk of losing its refining technology in contemporary times. This study aimed to preserve and innovate this traditional non-heritage refining technology. By utilizing the analytic hierarchy process(AHP) combined with the entropy weight method, this study established the hierarchical structure model of refining process of Hongsheng Dan and conducted a single factor experiment and an L_9(3~4) orthogonal experiment to optimize the refining method of Hongsheng Dan. Additionally, the study employed infrared thermal imaging to monitor temperature variations of Hongsheng Dan during the refining process. The optimized refining parameters for Hongsheng Dan were established as follows: a slow fire temperature of 175 ℃ with a duration of 30 minutes, a strong fire temperature of 270 ℃ with a duration of 60 minutes, and a tail fire temperature of 180 ℃ with a duration of 15 minutes. The stability and feasibility of this optimized process were confirmed through validation tests. The research focused on the material transformation of Hongsheng Dan, starting from the material changes during the refining process of Hongsheng Dan and the synthesis of mercuric oxide from nitric acid. The study investigated elemental transformations, physical phase changes, and alterations in thermal properties. 78.98% of the mercury in Hongsheng Dan and 80.21% of the mercury in mercuric oxide from nitric acid were retained. The diffraction peak intensity of the(011) crystal plane of Hongsheng Dan was highest at approximately 30.07°, indicating that the(011) crystal plane had a preferred crystalline orientation. Furthermore, the temperature range for the alteration in thermal properties during the refining process of Hongsheng Dan was found to be between 80 ℃ and 130 ℃. This research not only optimized the refining technology of Hongsheng Dan but also pioneered the application of infrared thermal imaging to study temperature changes throughout the refining process. By exploring the material transformation patterns of Hongsheng Dan and the synthesis of mercuric oxide from nitric acid, the study provided technical support for the preservation and innovation of Hongsheng Dan.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal/standards* ; Temperature

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a common respiratory emergency, but current clinical treatment remains at the level of symptomatic support and there is a lack of effective targeted treatment measures. Our previous study confirmed that inhalation of hydrogen gas can reduce the acute lung injury of ARDS, but the application of hydrogen has flammable and explosive safety concerns. Drinking hydrogen-rich liquid or inhaling hydrogen gas has been shown to play an important role in scavenging reactive oxygen species and maintaining mitochondrial quality control balance, thus improving ARDS in patients and animal models. Coral calcium hydrogenation (CCH) is a new solid molecular hydrogen carrier prepared from coral calcium (CC). Whether and how CCH affects acute lung injury in ARDS remains unstudied. In this study, we observed the therapeutic effect of CCH on lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced acute lung injury in ARDS mice. The survival rate of mice treated with CCH and hydrogen inhalation was found to be comparable, demonstrating a significant improvement compared to the untreated ARDS model group. CCH treatment significantly reduced pulmonary hemorrhage and edema, and improved pulmonary function and local microcirculation in ARDS mice. CCH promoted mitochondrial peripheral division in the early course of ARDS by activating mitochondrial thioredoxin 2 (Trx2), improved lung mitochondrial dysfunction induced by LPS, and reduced oxidative stress damage. The results indicate that CCH is a highly efficient hydrogen-rich agent that can attenuate acute lung injury of ARDS by improving the mitochondrial function through Trx2 activation.

Objective To develop a symptoms assessment scale for lung transplant recipients in early postoperative period,and assess its reliability and validity so as to provide clinical staff with a tool to evaluate the symptoms in the patients in the early period after lung transplantation.Methods With a symptom experience model,a preliminary item pool was established through literature reviews,semi-structured interviews and expert panel meetings between December 2021 and January 2022.Based on the preliminary item pool,an initial scale was proposed after two rounds of expert consultation between February and March 2022.The initial scale was finalised after all items had revised for language expression based on the results of cognitive interviews conducted in March 2022.Subsequently,the final version of the scale was applied in the survey of 116 recipients of lung transplant in the early postoperative stage at Wuxi People's Hospital between April 2022 and February 2023.The reliability and validity of scale were then further tested.Results A total of 112 patients responded to the questionnaire survey.The developed scale comprised 5 dimensions:psychology-related symptoms,respiratory related symptoms,digestive related symptoms,circulatory related symptoms and other symptoms,with 18 symptom items in total.Content validity indexes of the Item-level content validity index(I-CVI))were 0.833 to 1.000 and the Scale-level content validity index(S-CVI)was at 0.954.Exploratory factor analysis revealed five common factors with a cumulative variance contribution rate of 82.366%.All the factors exhibited positive correlations with the scale,with the correlation coefficient at 0.760 to 0.837(P<0.01).The scale demonstrated a Cronbach α coefficient of 0.943,and the Cronbach α coefficients of the five common factors ranged from 0.869 to 0.941.Additionally,the scale exhibited a split-half reliability of 0.840,and the split-half reliability of the five common factors ranged from 0.830 to 0.937.Conclusions The symptoms assessment scale for lung transplant recipients in early postoperative period developed in this study exhibits good reliability and validity.It is feasible for evaluation of early symptoms in lung transplant recipients.

Objective To develop an expert consensus on subcutaneous injection for allergen-specific immunotherapy.Methods Relevant domestic and intemational literature was reviewed,and nursing experts who had experiences in subcutaneous injection of allergen-specific immunotherapy were interviewed to form the initial draft of the consensus.A total of 85 experts from 42 hospitals nationwide were invited to participate in discussions.2 rounds of expert consultations,adjustments,revisions,and improvements were made to the initial draft,and an online meeting was held to form the final version of the consensus.The content approved by more than 75％of the expert group is adopted,or it will be discussed or deleted.Results The expert consensus includes operational standards for subcutaneous injection of allergen-specific immunotherapy,identification and management of adverse reactions,and health education.Conclusion The consensus demonstrates strong scientific rigor and practicality,providing guidance for nursing practices in the field of clinical allergology.

Objective:To conduct a scoping review of the characteristics, functions, risk of bias and applications of home-based self-management behavior assessment tools for lung transplant patients, so as to provide references for clinical medical staff to conduct further related research.Methods:The relevant literatures were systematically searched in China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Database, VIP, China Biology Medicine disc, PubMed, Web of Science Core Collection, Embase, Cochrane Library and CINAHL databases. The search period was from the establishment of the databases to June 30, 2023. The scoping review method framework was used to screen the literature, extract information and standardize the report.Results:A total of 10 167 Chinese and English literatures were searched, and after deduplication and screening, 23 articles that met the criteria were finally included, involving 13 home-based self-management behavior assessment tools for lung transplant patients, including nine specific tools and four universal tools. There were eight kinds of lung transplantation patients whose reliability and validity were not verified. Of the 13 tools, those with single-dimensional assessments and single measures predominate. The level of home self-management behavior of lung transplant patients was reflected mainly through compliance, and medication management was the most frequently assessed content.Conclusions:At present, the measurement of home-based self-management behavior of lung transplant patients is mainly based on questionnaire surveys, and the evaluation tools are mostly single dimensional. The reliability and validity of most evaluation tools in the population of lung transplant patients are not yet clear, and there is a certain risk of bias. It is recommended that researchers pay attention to the reliability and validity verification report of the evaluation tool in the target population when selecting it, and integrate multiple measurement methods to reduce measurement errors.

Objective To investigate clinical effect of tendons pulling,poking and kneading for the treatment of external humeral epicondylitis.Metods From January 2018 to December 2021,a multicenter randomized controlled study was per-formed to collect 192 patients with external humeral epicondylitis in Wangjing Hospital,Beijing Dianli Hospital,and Beijing Fengsheng Osteotraumatology Hospital,respectively,and they were divided into treatment group and control group by random number table method.There were 96 patients in treatment group,including 36 males and 60 females,aged from 28 to 60 years old with an average of(41.20±5.50)years old;the course of disease ranged from 1 to 14 days with an average of(5.24±1.35)days;they were treated once every other day for 2 weeks.There were 96 patients in control group,including 33 males and 63 females,aged from 26 to 60 years old with an average of(43.35±7.75)years old;the course of disease ranged from 1 to 14 days with an average of(5.86±1.48)days;they were treated with topical voltaalin combined with elbow joint fixation for 2 weeks.Visual analogue scale(VAS)and Hospital for Surgery Scoring System(HSS)elbow pronation and supination angles,wrist metacarpal flexion and dorsal extension angles,elbow tenderness between two groups were compared before treatment and at 1,3,5,7,11 and 13 days after treatment;Hospital for Surgery Scoring System 2(HSS2)was compared before treatment and the final treatment.Results All patients were followed up for 10 to 14 days with an average of(12±1.6)days.VAS between treatment group and control group before treatment were 6.83±1.36 and 6.79±1.58,respectively,and decreased to 1.49±1.09 and 2.11±1.81 after the final treatment.VAS of treatment group were significantly lower than those of control group at 1,3,5,7,9,11 and 13 days after treatment(P＜0.05).HSS between two groups were 61.73±11.00 and 36.47±12.45 before treatment,respectively,and increased to 94.42±5.9 and 91.44±9.11 at the final treatment.HSS of treatment group were signifi-cantly higher than those of control group at 1,3,5,7,9,11 and 13 days after treatment(P＜0.05).On the 5th day after treat-ment,the external and internal rotation angles of elbow in treatment group were(66.41±12.69)° and(66.35±13.54)°,while those in control group were(62.08±16.03)° and(61.77±16.35)°.On the 7th day after treatment,the external and internal ro-tation angles of elbow were(69.79±12.64)° and(70.02±13.55)° in treatment group,and(65.28±15.86)° and(65.09± 16.67)° in control group.Elbow joint motion in treatment group was higher than that in control group(P＜0.05).On the 5th day after treatment,angles of wrist dorsiflexion and palm flexion were(39.43±15.94)°and(46.68±11.10)° in treatment group,and(38.51±18.49)° and(44.27±13.58)° in control group.On the 7th day after treatment,angles of wrist dorsiflexion and palm flexion were(42.52±16.50)° and(49.23±10.96)° in treatment group,and(41.18±20.09)° and(46.64±14.63)° in control group.The motion of wrist joint in treatment group was higher than that in control group(P＜0.05).On the 13th day after treatment,HSS2 in treatment group 93.61±6.32 were higher than those in control group 92.06±7.94(P＜0.05).There was no significant difference in elbow tenderness between two groups at each time point(P＞0.05).Conclusion Voltaren external treatment combined with elbow fixation and tendons pulling,poking and kneading could effectively improve symptoms of exter-nal humeral epicondylitis.Compared with voltaren external treatment,tendons pulling,poking and kneading has advantages of longer analgesic time and better elbow function recovery.

Objective To explore the optimal image-guided verification mode by using combined cone-beam CT(CBCT)and ExacTrac X-ray(ETX)image-guided system for the position verification during the first and remaining fractionated radiotherapy of high-grade glioma patients.Methods Twenty high-grade glioma patients undergoing intensity-modulated radiotherapy at some hospital from January 2018 to June 2020 were analyzed retrospectively.CBCT image-guided system was used for the patients treated for the first time to determine the corresponding position of the treatment center on the body surface and to reset and mark the treatment center,then on-line auto registration of the CBCT images with CT positioning images was carried out,and the residual setup errors were verified with ETX image-guided system;position verification of the setup errors was performed with ETX image-guided sysem during the remaining fractionated treatment.The setup errors and their interval distributionswere calculated for the patients in six directions including left-right direction(Lat),head-foot direction(Lng),anterior-posterior direction(Vrt),rotation around left-right(Pitch),rotation around head-foot(Roll)and rotation around anterior-posterior(Yaw).SPSS 22.0 statistical software was used for data analysis.Results There were 75％patients treated for the first time and 78.62％ones undergoing the remaining fractionated radiotherapy only needed one time of setup error corre-ction.Combined CBCT and ETX image-guided resetting during the first radiotherapy met clinical requirements;during the remaining fractionated radiotherapy there were significant differences between the setup errors in the six directions before and after calibration(P＜0.05).The interval distribution of setup errors showed the error values in the six directions were all restricted within 0 to 1 mm and within 0° to l °during the first and remaining fractionated radiotherapy.Conclusion Involve-ment of combined CBCT and ETX image-guided system in the first and remaining fractionated radiotherapy of high-grade glioma patients after operation contributes to determining and resetting the treatment center rapidly and accurately,decreasing setup errors and enhancing the accuracy and repeatability of radiotherapy.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2024,45(8):57-62].

Objective To explore the clinical significance and antimicrobial resistance of group B Streptococcus(GBS)isolated from midstream urine culture,aiming to provide a basis for the diagnosis and treatment of clinical urinary tract infection(UTI).Methods Information about GBS strains isolated from midstream urine culture of in-patients and outpatient in a hospital in Nanjing from February 2020 to December 2022 were retrieved through labora-tory information system,strains with complete data were screened out.Case data,urine routine,and antimicrobial susceptibility testing results were reviewed.Results A total of 9 081 non-repetitive bacterial strains were detected from midstream urine culture,including 425 GBS strains,accounting for 4.7％,ranking sixth.Strains with incom-plete data were excluded,a total of 365 patients were included in the study.169(46.3％)were males and 196(53.7％)were females,with an average age of(55.4±15.2)years.365 patients who were detected GBS were from 17 de-partments,with the highest proportion being department of urology(n=237,64.9％).The underlying diseases of patients mainly included hypertension(n=136),diabetes(n=95),urolithiasis(n=120)and urinary tumors(n=98).211 patients underwent urological surgery,all were treated with antimicrobial agents before surgery,and 205 patients underwent indwelling urinary catheters after surgery;9 patients were detected GBS from urine during the middle and advanced stage of pregnancy.36.4％(n=133),38.9％(n=142)and 24.7％(n=90)patients had GBS colony count ≤104 CFU/mL,104-105 CFU/mL,and ≥105 CFU/mL,respectively.Patients with symptoms of UTI accounted for 24.9％(n=91),and asymptomatic bacteriuria accounted for 75.1％(n=274).The incidence of UTI symptoms in males was lower than that in females(19.5％vs 29.6％,P＜0.05).As the GBS colony count in urine culture increased,the proportion of patients with symptoms of UTI showed an upward trend(P＜0.05).On the day of urine culture,the positive rates of urine routine white blood cells,leukocyte esterase,and nitrite were 53.2％,50.1％,and 3.8％,respectively.The positive rates of urine occult blood,leukocyte esterase,white blood cells,and urine protein in patients with symptomatic UTI were all higher than those with asymptomatic bacteriuria patients(all P＜0.05).No GBS were found to be resistant to penicillin,ampicillin,vancomycin,linezolid,and tigecycline.The resistance rate to levofloxacin and moxifloxacin was about 40％,and resistance rate to tetracycline and clindamycin was over 60％.Conclusion GBS isolated from urine is more common in non-pregnant adults,and only a small percentage have symptoms of UTI.The results of urine culture and urine routine should be comprehen-sively judged based on patient's clinical symptoms and signs.GBS in urine is susceptible to multiple antimicrobial agents,and clinical medication should be adopted rationally based on antimicrobial susceptibility testing result.

Background/Aims: Four-week treatment of linvencorvir (RO7049389) was generally safe and well tolerated, and showed anti-viral activity in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients. This study evaluated the efficacy, safety, and pharmacokinetics of 48-week treatment with linvencorvir plus standard of care (SoC) in CHB patients. Methods: This was a multicentre, non-randomized, non-controlled, open-label phase 2 study enrolling three cohorts: nucleos(t)ide analogue (NUC)-suppressed patients received linvencorvir plus NUC (Cohort A, n=32); treatment-naïve patients received linvencorvir plus NUC without (Cohort B, n=10) or with (Cohort C, n=30) pegylated interferon-α (Peg-IFN-α). Treatment duration was 48 weeks, followed by NUC alone for 24 weeks. Results: 68 patients completed the study. No patient achieved functional cure (sustained HBsAg loss and unquantifiable HBV DNA). By Week 48, 89% of treatment-naïve patients (10/10 Cohort B; 24/28 Cohort C) reached unquantifiable HBV DNA. Unquantifiable HBV RNA was achieved in 92% of patients with quantifiable baseline HBV RNA (14/15 Cohort A, 8/8 Cohort B, 22/25 Cohort C) at Week 48 along with partially sustained HBV RNA responses in treatment-naïve patients during follow-up period. Pronounced reductions in HBeAg and HBcrAg were observed in treatment-naïve patients, while HBsAg decline was only observed in Cohort C. Most adverse events were grade 1–2, and no linvencorvir-related serious adverse events were reported. Conclusions 48-week linvencorvir plus SoC was generally safe and well tolerated, and resulted in potent HBV DNA and RNA suppression. However, 48-week linvencorvir plus NUC with or without Peg-IFN did not result in the achievement of functional cure in any patient.

This study aimed to characterize and identify the non-volatile components in Pogostemonis Herba by using ultra-perfor-mance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time of flight-mass spectrometry(UPLC-Q-TOF-MS) combined with UNIFI and an in-house library. The chemical components in 50% methanol extract of Pogostemonis Herba were detected by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS in both positive and negative MS~E continuum modes. Then, the MS data were processed in UNIFI combined with an in-house library to automatically characterize the metabolites. Based on the multiple adduct ions, exact mass, diagnostic fragment ions, and peak intensity of compounds and the fragmentation pathways and retention behaviors of reference substances, the structures identified by UNIFI were further verified and those of the unidentified compounds were tentatively elucidated. A total of 120 compound structures were identified or tentatively identified, including flavonoids, phenylpropanoids, phenolic acids, terpenes, fatty acids, alkaloids, and phenylethanoid glycosides. Sixteen of them were accurately identified by comparison with reference substances, and 53 compounds were reported the first time for Pogostemonis Herba. This study systematically characterized and identified the non-volatile compounds in Pogostemonis Herba for the first time. The findings provide a scientific basis for revealing the pharmacodynamic material basis, establishing a quality control system, and developing products of Pogostemonis Herba.