Transfusion and Anemia Expertise Initiative-Control/Avoidance of Bleeding developed a strategy for platelet and plasma infusion management in critically ill children based on systematic reviews and consensus meetings of international multidisciplinary experts. One good practice statement and six expert consensus statements were proposed for plasma and platelet transfusions in critically ill children following severe trauma, traumatic brain injury, and/or intracranial hemorrhage. This article introduces the specific methods and basis for the formation of recommendations in this part of the guide.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the genetic etiology of 46 Chinese pedigrees affected with Hereditary multiple exostoses (HME) and provide genetic counseling and reproductive intervention. METHODS: Whole-exome sequencing and Sanger sequencing were carried out on 87 patients from the 46 pedigrees to analyze the variants of EXT1 and EXT2 genes. Pathogenicity of the variants was assessed based on the guidelines from the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics and Association for Molecular Pathology (ACMG/AMP). Prenatal diagnosis and preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) were provided for couples with identified pathogenic mutations. This study was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of the hospital (Ethics No.: LL-SC-SG-2014-010). RESULTS: In total 17 and 22 pathogenic variants were respectively identified in the EXT1 and EXT2 genes, among which 5 EXT1 and 12 EXT2 variants were unreported previously. Three patients with no family history were found to harbor de novo variants of the EXT1 gene. Twenty nine couples had opted for PGT or underwent prenatal diagnosis following natural conception, and 17 healthy babies were born. CONCLUSION This study has clarified the genetic etiology of 45 HME pedigrees and identified 17 novel variants, which has enriched the mutational spectrum of the EXT1 and EXT2 genes. Reproductive intervention through PGT and prenatal diagnosis have prevented the recurrence of HME in these families.
Humans ; Female ; Male ; Pedigree ; Exostoses, Multiple Hereditary/diagnosis* ; N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferases/genetics* ; Adult ; Exostosin 1 ; Asian People/genetics* ; Genetic Testing ; Exostosin 2 ; Mutation ; China ; Prenatal Diagnosis ; Pregnancy ; Genetic Counseling ; Preimplantation Diagnosis ; Exome Sequencing ; East Asian People

OBJECTIVE To provide scientific reference for perfecting the record-filing management policy of traditional Chinese medicine preparations formulated via traditional processes for medical applications （hereinafter referred to as “TCM preparations”） in medical institutions， and further promote the sound development of the research and record-filing work of such preparations. METHODS A literature review combined with cross-sectional research was carried out. We collected policy documents and preparation information related to the record-filing of TCM preparations issued by national and provincial drug administration authorities on official websites during 2018-2025. A comparative analysis was conducted on the implementation and revision of core policy documents for the registration management of TCM preparations across provinces， the scope of record-filing dosage forms， conditions for rejection of record-filing， and exemptions for registration materials. Statistical analysis on the quantity and dosage forms of record-filing preparations in each province was conducted by means of data induction and trend chart plotting， and targeted suggestions were put forward to optimize the management pathway of record-filing. RESULTS CONCLUSIONS There was obvious heterogeneity in record-filing policies among provinces. Twelve provinces refined the applicable dosage forms for record-filing， fifteen provinces supplemented conditions for rejection of record-filing （16 items in total）， and nine provinces expanded the scope of material exemptions. The number of recorded preparations presented a striking regional imbalance：Qinghai had the largest quantity of 4 269 varieties， while Hainan only had 14 varieties， with a gap of more than 300 times. The recorded preparations were mainly traditional dosage forms including pills （6 928 varieties） and powders （4 360 varieties）. Only 12 provinces formulated the provincial catalog for TCM preparations allocation. In most regions， preparation circulation was only permitted within medical consortia， leading to a low transformation rate of scientific and technological achievements of preparations. It is recommended to optimize the record-filing management pathway from three aspects： strengthening policy standardization while maintaining flexibility， streamlining record-filing procedures and documentary requirements， and reinforcing technical support and achievement transformation. These measures can reduce regional policy differences， improve work efficiency of record-filing， and advance the standardized development and clinical value transformation of hospital-made TCM preparations.

OBJECTIVE To provide scientific reference for perfecting the record-filing management policy of traditional Chinese medicine preparations formulated via traditional processes for medical applications （hereinafter referred to as “TCM preparations”） in medical institutions， and further promote the sound development of the research and record-filing work of such preparations. METHODS A literature review combined with cross-sectional research was carried out. We collected policy documents and preparation information related to the record-filing of TCM preparations issued by national and provincial drug administration authorities on official websites during 2018-2025. A comparative analysis was conducted on the implementation and revision of core policy documents for the registration management of TCM preparations across provinces， the scope of record-filing dosage forms， conditions for rejection of record-filing， and exemptions for registration materials. Statistical analysis on the quantity and dosage forms of record-filing preparations in each province was conducted by means of data induction and trend chart plotting， and targeted suggestions were put forward to optimize the management pathway of record-filing. RESULTS CONCLUSIONS There was obvious heterogeneity in record-filing policies among provinces. Twelve provinces refined the applicable dosage forms for record-filing， fifteen provinces supplemented conditions for rejection of record-filing （16 items in total）， and nine provinces expanded the scope of material exemptions. The number of recorded preparations presented a striking regional imbalance：Qinghai had the largest quantity of 4 269 varieties， while Hainan only had 14 varieties， with a gap of more than 300 times. The recorded preparations were mainly traditional dosage forms including pills （6 928 varieties） and powders （4 360 varieties）. Only 12 provinces formulated the provincial catalog for TCM preparations allocation. In most regions， preparation circulation was only permitted within medical consortia， leading to a low transformation rate of scientific and technological achievements of preparations. It is recommended to optimize the record-filing management pathway from three aspects： strengthening policy standardization while maintaining flexibility， streamlining record-filing procedures and documentary requirements， and reinforcing technical support and achievement transformation. These measures can reduce regional policy differences， improve work efficiency of record-filing， and advance the standardized development and clinical value transformation of hospital-made TCM preparations.

Sichuan Province is a hilly schistosomiasis-endemic province in China with the highest endemicity and largest coverage. During the period of more than 70 years of integrated control, there are five distinct phases of schistosomiasis control in Sichuan Province, including baseline investigation, Oncomelania hupensis snail control, chemotherapy for both humans and livestock, management of source of Schistosoma japonicum infections, and sustained control and intensified surveillance and early warning, and a package of key interventions are implemented, including environmental modification, snail control with chemical treatment, large-scale chemotherapy for humans and livestock, management of source of S. japonicum infections, intensified integrated control, establishment of an early warning and surveillance system. As a result, schistosomiasis has been eliminated across all 63 disease-endemic counties (cities, districts) in Sichuan Province by June 2025. Government-led multi-sectoral collaborations, science and technology-supported precision control strategies, and a sustainable control model tailored to the ecological and socio-economic conditions in endemic regions are essential to achieving the target of schistosomiasis elimination in Sichuan Province.

Objective To investigate the prevalence of soil-transmitted nematode human infections in Hubei Province from 2016 to 2023, so as to provide insights into formulation of soil-transmitted nematodiasis control strategies and evaluation of soil-transmitted nematodiasis control effectiveness. Methods There were 10 surveillance points established in Hubei Province for soil-transmitted nematodiasis each year from 2016 to 2023. The surveillance points were divided into eastern, western, southern, northern and central regions according to geographical locations, and one administrative village was sampled from a township in each region as a surveillance point. Then, at least 200 permanent residents at ages of over 3 years were randomly sampled at each point, with at least 1 000 individuals sampled. Soil-transmitted nematode infection was detected using a modified Kato-Katz thick smear method (two slides for one stool sample), and Enterobius vermicularis infection was additionally detected with a cellophane tape test among children at ages of 3 to 9 years. The prevalence of soil-transmitted nematode human infections was descriptively analyzed. Results A total of 80 547 individuals underwent surveillance for soil-transmitted nematodiasis in Hubei Province from 2016 to 2023, and a total of 262 individuals were detected with soil-transmitted nematode infections, including two cases with mixed infections, yielding an overall prevalence rate of 0.33% (262/80 547). The prevalence rates of hookworm, Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, and E. vermicularis infections were 0.02% (20/80 547), 0.07% (55/80 547), 0.02% (15/80 547) and 0.22% (174/80 547), respectively, appearing a parasite species-specific prevalence rate (χ² = 250.235, P < 0.05), and the prevalence rates of soil-transmitted nematode infections were 0.50%(51/10271),0.37%(34/9120),0.39%(39/10099),0.40%(41/10168), 0.36% (37/10 234), 0.45% (46/10 211), 0.03% (3/10 238) and 0.11% (11/10 206) in Hubei Province from 2016 to 2023, respectively, showing a year-specific prevalence rate (χ² = 60.589, P < 0.05). Soil-transmitted nematode infections were detected across 36 surveillance points, and there was a significant difference in the prevalence of soil-transmitted nematode infections among surveillance points (0.02% to 3.30%, P < 0.001). In addition, the differences in prevalence rates of human soil-transmitted nematode infection among different age groups (χ² = 531.091, P < 0.05), occupations (P < 0.001), and education levels (P < 0.001) were all statistically significant. Among these, the children at ages of 3 to 9 years old (1.40%, 174/12 461), nursery-school children (1.69%, 90/5 312) and preschool-aged children (1.56%, 93/5 969) were relatively high. Conclusions The overall prevalence of soil-transmitted nematodiasis was low in Hubei Province from 2016 to 2023; however, the prevalence varied across regions and among populations, with E. vermicularis as the predominant species of soil-transmitted nematode. Soil-transmitted nematodiasis control should be given a high priority in key areas in Hubei Province, and preschool children, primary school students, and individuals with a low educational level are recommended as key target populations for health education and interventions.

This paper systematically analyzes schistosomiasis transmission risks during the elimination stage and reviews the evolution of the schistosomiasis surveillance system in China from a One Health perspective, with a special emphasis on schistosomiasis surveillance and response practices during the elimination stage from a One Health perspective. These practices include precise screening of human schistosomiasis under low-endemicity conditions, systematic monitoring of schistosomiasis in domestic and wild animals, ecological management of Oncomelania snails, and information-coordinated responses. Nevertheless, the current surveillance and response system for schistosomiasis suffers from challenges of insufficient cross-sectoral coordination and complex external environments, which constrain precise schistosomiasis surveillance and response in China. Therefore, it is urgently necessary to integrate coordination mechanisms, empower the surveillance system with technological innovation, improve capacity building, and actively promote diverse social participation in the One Health framework, so as to consolidate current schistosomiasis control achievements and achieve the target for schistosomiasis elimination across China, which may provide a replicable technical model for global zoonoses control.

BACKGROUND:How to effectively promote bone regeneration and bone reconstruction after bone injury has always been a key issue in clinical bone repair research.The use of biological and degradable materials loaded with bioactive factors to treat bone defects has excellent application prospects in bone repair. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of polylactic acid-glycolic acid copolymer(PLGA)composite scaffold modified by lysine-grafted graphene oxide nanoparticles(LGA-g-GO)on osteogenic differentiation and new bone formation. METHODS:PLGA was dissolved in dichloromethane and PLGA scaffold was prepared by solvent evaporation method.PLGA/GO composite scaffolds were prepared by dispersing graphene oxide uniformly in PLGA solution.LGA-g-GO nanoparticles were prepared by chemical grafting method,and the PLGA/LGA-g-GO composite scaffolds were constructed by blending LGA-g-GO nanoparticles at different mass ratios(1%,2%,and 3%)with PLGA.The micromorphology,hydrophilicity,and protein adsorption capacity of scaffolds of five groups were characterized.MC3T3 cells were inoculated on the surface of scaffolds of five groups to detect cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The surface of PLGA scaffolds was smooth and flat under scanning electron microscope,while the surface of the other four scaffolds was rough.The surface roughness of the composite scaffolds increased with the increase of the addition of LGA-g-GO nanoparticles.The water contact angle of PLGA/LGA-g-GO(3%)composite scaffolds was lower than that of the other four groups(P<0.05).The protein adsorption capacity of PLGA/LGA-g-GO(1%,2%,and 3%)composite scaffolds was stronger than PLGA and PLGA/GO scaffolds(P<0.05).(2)CCK-8 assay showed that PLGA/LGA-g-GO(2%,3%)composite scaffold could promote the proliferation of MC3T3 cells.Alkaline phosphatase staining and alizarin red staining showed that the cell alkaline phosphatase activity in PLGA/LGA-g-GO(2%,3%)group was higher than that in the other three groups(P<0.05).The calcium deposition in the PLGA/GO and PLGA/LGA-g-GO(1%,2%,and 3%)groups was higher than that in the PLGA group(P<0.05).(3)In summary,PLGA/LGA-g-GO composite scaffold can promote the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of osteoblasts,and is conducive to bone regeneration and bone reconstruction after bone injury.

Body weight abnormalities, including overweight, obesity, and underweight, have become a dual public health challenge in Chinese adults: overweight and obesity lead to a variety of chronic complications, while underweight increases the risks of malnutrition, sarcopenia, and organ dysfunction. To systematically address these issues, multidisciplinary experts in endocrinology, sports science, nutrition, and psychiatry from various regions have held multiple weight management seminars. Based on the latest epidemiological data and clinical evidence, they expanded the guideline to include assessment and intervention strategies for underweight, in addition to the core content of obesity management. This guideline outlines the etiological mechanisms, evaluation methods, and multidimensional management strategies for overweight and obesity, covering key areas such as diagnosis and assessment, medical nutrition therapy, exercise prescription, pharmacological intervention, and psychological support. It is intended to provide a scientific and standardized approach to weight management across the adult population, aiming to curb the rising prevalence of obesity, mitigate complications associated with abnormal body weight, and improve nutritional status and overall quality of life.

AIM To establish a UPLC method for the simultaneous content determination of liquiritin,ammonium glycyrrhizate,naringin,neohesperidin,hesperidin,rosmarinic acid,baicalin,wogonoside,baicalein,wogonin and praeruptorin A in Tongxuan Lifei Pills,and to make chemometric investigation.METHODS The analysis was performed on a 30 ℃ thermostatic SVEA C18 column(2.1 mm×150 mm,2.5 μm),with the mobile phase comprising of acetonitrile-0.1％phosphoric acid flowing at 0.5 mL/min in a gradient elution manner,and the detection wavelength was set at 250 nm.Subsequently,cluster analysis,principal component analysis and partial least square discriminant analysis were performed.RESULTS Eleven constituents showed good linear relationships within their own ranges(R2＞0.990 0),whose average recoveries were 90.00％-98.32％with the RSDs of 0.35％-1.89％.Forty batches of samples were clustered into 3 types.Baicalein,baicalin,liquiritin,wogonin,wogonoside and neohesperidin were taken as quality differential markers.CONCLUSION This simple and reproducible method can provide the basis for quality control and evaluation of Tongxuan Lifei Pills.