Objectives: . Due to the rarity of olfactory neuroblastoma (ONB), there is ongoing debate about optimal treatment strategies, especially for early-stage or locally advanced cases. Therefore, our study aimed to explore experiences from multiple centers to identify factors that influence the oncological outcomes of ONB. Methods: . We retrospectively analyzed 195 ONB patients treated at nine tertiary hospitals in South Korea between December 1992 and December 2019. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used to evaluate oncological outcomes, and a Cox proportional hazards regression model was employed to analyze prognostic factors for survival outcomes. Furthermore, we conducted 1:1 nearest-neighbor matching to investigate differences in clinical outcomes according to the use of neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Results: . In our cohort, the 5-year overall survival (OS) rate was 78.6%, and the 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) rate was 62.4%. The Cox proportional hazards model revealed that the modified Kadish (mKadish) stage and Dulguerov T status were significantly associated with DFS, while the mKadish stage and Hyams grade were identified as prognostic factors for OS. The subgroup analyses indicated a trend toward improved 5-year DFS with dural resection in mKadish A and B cases, even though the result was statistically insignificant. Induction chemotherapy did not provide a survival benefit in this study after matching for the mKadish stage and nodal status. Conclusion . Clinical staging and pathologic grading are important prognostic factors in ONB. Dural resection in mKadish A and B did not show a significant survival benefit. Similarly, induction chemotherapy also did not show a survival benefit, even after stage matching.

Background: The forehead is a region connected to the scalp and is accompanied by various structures. In some tumors, the pattern of development may differ from that of other anatomical sites. When a noninflammatory skin-colored tumor develops on the forehead, it is difficult to diagnose accurately. Objective: This study aimed to identify the epidemiologic data and clinical features of noninflammatory skin-colored tumors of the forehead. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 200 patients with noninflammatory, skin-colored tumors diagnosed after skin biopsy over a period of 11 years. We evaluated tumor prevalence, clinical features, and differences according to sex and age. If the tumor was large and deeply located, a radiologic study was performed. Results: Of the 12 different histopathologic results, lipoma (52.0%) was the most frequent, followed by epidermal cyst (17.0%), osteoma (13.5%), steatocystoma (6.0%), and pilomatricoma (3.5%). Statistical analysis showed that females were dominant in the osteoma group. For an accurate diagnosis, 25 of the 52 patients who underwent computed tomography were diagnosed with lipoma, and 19 (76.0%) of them were identified as deep-seated lipoma. Conclusion The most common tumor among noninflammatory, skin-colored tumors of the forehead was lipoma.When they occur on the forehead, the proportion of deep-seated lipomas is higher than that at other sites. In the case of a solid and fixed tumor, a deep-seated lipoma should be considered. Computed tomography should be performed in addition to ultrasonography because the sensitivity of ultrasonography for the diagnosis of deep-seated lipoma is unsatisfactory.

Juvenile temporal arteritis (JTA) is a non-giant cell inflammation of the temporal artery, characterized by eosinophilic infiltration. It generally affects both adolescents and young adults. JTA is clinically represented by an asymptomatic, palpable lump in the temporal area, with no associated signs, such as fever, myalgia, or visual symptoms. A 38-year-old female presented to our hospital with a history of bilateral linear plaques in both temporal areas for 3 months. Histopathological findings of the right temporal lesion showed infiltration of eosinophils and lymphocytes in the arterial wall and intimal hyperplasia but no giant cell or granulomatous lesions. Doppler ultrasonography revealed a tortuous tubular anechoic lesion, with non-visualization of internal vascular flow. Laboratory findings highlighted eosinophilia of up to 13.8% and a total immunoglobulin E level of 1,182 IU/mL. Here, we report a rare case of bilateral JTA with eosinophilia.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to show that bariatric surgery (BS) is more effective than medical therapy (MT) in Asian obese patients. Methods: In this prospective, multicenter, nonrandomized, controlled trial, obese patients with body mass index of ≥35 kg/m2 or 30.0–34.9 kg/m2 with obesity-related comorbidities were assigned to undergo BS, such as laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, or MT. Patients who underwent BS were evaluated 4, 12, 24, and 48 weeks after surgery, whereas patients who received MT were monitored at a hospital every 6 weeks for 1 year. At each visit, weight, waist and hip circumference, and blood pressure were measured, and patients underwent physical examination and laboratory testing. Health-related quality of life (HQOL) was investigated using Euro QOL-5 Dimension, Impact of Weight on Quality of Life questionnaire-Lite and Obesity-related Problems scale. Results: The study included 264 patients from 13 institutions; of these, 64 underwent BS and 200 received MT. Of the patients who underwent BS, 6.3% experienced early complications. Relative weight changes from baseline to 48 weeks were significantly greater in the BS than in the MT group (26.9% vs. 2.1%, P < 0.001), as were the rates of remission of diabetes (47.8% vs. 16.7%, P = 0.014), hypertension (60.0% vs. 26.1%, P < 0.001), and dyslipidemia (63.2% vs. 22.0%, P < 0.001). HQOL was better in the BS than in the MT group at 48 weeks. Conclusion BS was safe and effective in Korean obese patients, with greater weight reduction, remission of comorbidities, and quality of life improvement than MT.