Objective To investigate and analyze epidemiological characteristics of patients with mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP) from 2020 to 2023, and the risk factors for plastic bronchitis (PB), To provide data support for developing preventive measures. Methods The medical records of 2 257 patients with respiratory tract infection treated at Huai'an Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University from 2020 to 2023 were collected. Count the number of MPP patients and analyze the MP detection rate. Multivariate logistic regression analysis and ROC curve was used to screen the risk factors for PB. Results A total of 858 cases were positive for MP antibodies, and the detection rate was 38.02%. There are statistically significant differences in MP detection rates among different genders, age groups, and years (P<0.05). Among the 286 patients diagnosed with MPP and undergoing bronchoscopy, 68 (23.78%) patients had PB. According to univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis, small age, higher N%, D-D, LDH and AST levels were independent risk factors for PB (P<0.05). ROC curve analysis shows that age and combined detection are the most effective indicators for PB prediction, with areas under the curve of 0.998 and 0.961, respectively. Conclusion MP is the main pathogen of respiratory tract infections in the area from 2020 to 2023. Women and children are more susceptible to MP infection. Small age, high N%, DD, LDH and AST levels are independent risk factors for PB in patients with MPP. Targeted preventive measures should be taken for MP susceptible population, and close attention should be paid to PB related risk factors to prevent disease progression and the occurrence of PB.

Objective To explore the changes of durability properties of reusable surgical gowns when used in dry and wet conditions.Methods Reusable surgical gowns made of single-layer polyester fiber or 3-layer composite material were selected as test samples,and a Martindale abrasion and pilling tester was used as the basic test platform and modified to form fixtures suitable for the wet state environment.The reusable surgical gowns underwent abrasion experiments in wet and dry conditions to observe the changes in their fiber structure,and were subjected to water penetration resistance and swelling strength tests.Results Visually the reusable surgical gowns had few changes of the microscopic textile fiber structure in dry and wet conditions,and the gowns made of single-layer polyster fiber gained advantages over the outer layers of those of 3-layer composite material in abrasion resistance with the same friction cycles.In dry and wet conditions,the hydrostatic pressure values of the gowns of single-layer polyster fiber gradually decreased with the increase of the degree of abrasion,which were always lower than those of the gowns of 3-layer composite material;the swelling strength of the gowns of single-layer polyster fiber was always greater than that of the gowns of 3-layer composite material,which decreased with the deterioration of the wear more significantly than that of the gowns of 3-layer composite material.Conclusion The reusable surgical gowns made of single-layer polyester fiber or 3-layer composite material have few differences in durability and protective properties at the early stages of ablation in dry and wet conditions.The durability of the gowns decreases as the degree of wear increases,while the trend of the decrease is slowing down until the fabric breaks down and completely loses its barrier effect.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2025,46(6):28-33]

Objective To evaluate the consumption of opioid and postoperative analgesia of intercostal nerve block(ICNB)and paravertebral block(PVB)for autologuous rib cartilage graft for auricular reconstruction in children with microtia.Methods A total of 120 patients scheduled for autologuous rib cartilage graft for auricular reconstruction were enrolled.According to randomized blocks,patients were allocated into three groups(n=40 in each group):general anesthesia group(GA group),ultrasound-guided intercostal nerve block group(ICNB group)and ultrasound-guided PVB group(PVB group).GA group only received general anesthesia,while ICNB group and PVB group received single-shot nerve block with lidocaine after induction of general anesthesia.All groups were received patient-controlled intravenous analgesia(PCIA)for 48 hours postoperatively.Intraoperative opioid requirement was recorded.Heart rate(HR)and mean arterial pressure(MAP)were recorded at different time points during surgery.Time of the first visual analogue scale(VAS)obtained and duration of postanesthesia care unit(PACU)stay were evaluated.The VAS scores of chest and ear during deep breath and at rest were recorded during 48 hours postoperatively.Opioid consumption and postoperative analgesia-related adverse events were compared among the three groups during 48 hours after surgery.Results Compared with those in GA group,intraoperative fentanyl consumption(P=0.02,P<0.01),time of the first VAS obtained(P<0.01,P=0.02),duration of PACU stay(P<0.01,P<0.01)and HR when harvesting the first rib cartilage(P=0.04,P<0.01)were statistically lower in ICNB group and PVB group than those in GA group,but no statistical difference was found between these two groups.There were no statistical differences in VAS scores,opioid consumption and analgesia-related adverse events among the three groups.Conclusion Ultrasound-guided single-shot ICNB and PVB with lidocaine provide similar efficacy of reducing intraoperative opioid consumption,maintaining intraoperative hemodynamic stability and faster awakening,but fail to alleviate postoperative pain.

Objective To investigate the mechanism by which Erdong Xiaoke Formula(EDXKF)regulates lacrimal gland autophagy in type 2 diabetes-induced dry eye rats through the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ(PPARγ)/mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR)signal pathway.Methods Healthy male SD rats were fed with high-sugar and high-fat chow and then injected intraperitoneally 30 mg·kg-1 streptozotocin to construct type 2 diabetes-induced dry eye rat models.Healthy male SD rats were selected as a blank group.Type 2 diabetes rats were randomly divided into a model group,a Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)group(given 11 g·kg-1 of EDXKF through gavage),an antagonist group(given 2 mg·kg-1 PPARγ antagonist through intraperitoneal injection),and a TCM plus antagonist group(given 11 g·kg-1 EDXKF through gavage and 2 mg·kg-1 PPARγ antagonist through intraperitoneal injection).Fasting blood glucose(FBG),corneal fluorescein(FL)staining,tear film break-up time(BUT)and phenol red cotton thread test(Prtt)were examined before modeling,after modeling,and after intervention.The weight of the lacrimal gland was compared among different groups after sampling.Hematoxylin and eosin(HE)staining was performed to analyze lacrimal gland hismorphol-ogy.The expression of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3(LC3)and Sequestosome-1(p62)in the lacrimal gland was examined by immunofluorescence.Western blot was used to detect the expression of PPARγ,p62,LC3 Ⅱ,LC3 I,mTOR and p-mTOR in the lacrimal gland.Results FBG levels in the antagonist group were significantly increased after intervention,compared with those in the TCM group(P＜0.01).Ocular surface examination showed that compared with the model group,the TCM group had increased BUT and Prtt scores and decreased FL scores,the antagonist group had de-creased BUT and Prtt scores and increased FL scores(all P＜0.05).Compared with the antagonist group,the TCM plus antagonist group showed increased BUT and Prtt scores and decreased FL scores(all P＜0.05).The weight analysis of lac-rimal glands revealed that the lacrimal gland weight increased in the TCM group and decreased in the antagonist group,compared with that in the model group(all P＜0.01).The lacrimal gland weight in the TCM plus antagonist group was higher than that in the antagonist group(P＜0.01).HE staining of the lacrimal gland showed atrophy of glandular lobules,increased fusion and expansion of follicles,and dense distribution of nuclei in model and antagonist groups.These symp-toms were more obvious in the antagonist group.Compared with antagonist and TCM plus antagonist groups,the TCM group showed improved symptoms,with tightly arranged follicles,partial atrophy and fusion,and a small amount of expan-sion.Immunofluorescence staining for detecting the average fluorescence intensity of LC3 and p62 showed that compared with the model group,the TCM group had increased LC3 levels and decreased p62 levels,and the antagonist group had de-creased LC3 levels and increased p62 levels(all P＜0.01).Compared with those in the antagonist group,LC3 levels were increased and p62 levels were decreased in the TCM plus antagonist group(both P＜0.01).Western blot results showed that compared with the model group,the TCM group had increased PPARγ and LC3 levels and decreased p62 and p-mTOR/mTOR levels.PPARγ and LC3 levels were decreased and p62 and p-mTOR/mTOR levels were increased in the antagonist group,compared with those in the model group.The TCM plus antagonist group had higher PPARγ and LC3 levels and low-er p62 and p-mTOR/mTOR levels than the antagonist group(all P＜0.05).Conclusion EDXKF can regulate the PPARy/mTOR signal pathway to promote lacrimal gland autophagy and thus alleviate dry eyes in type 2 diabetes rats.

Objective:In order to effectively educate students on tooth defect diseases and restoration techniques, the teaching and research team at the School of Stomatology of Qingdao University developed an integrated course operative dentistry. This course is specifically designed to align with the undergraduate curriculum reform requirements of "Three Early, Two Multiple and One Integration".Methods:The teaching practice of operative dentistry was conducted with the stomatology undergraduates of grade 2020 and 2021. The course group redesigned the curriculum by reorganizing teaching content, rebuilding teaching resources, reconstructing teaching mode, and reshaping the evaluation system. Evaluation of the curriculum design included test scores, satisfaction questionnaires, and teacher self-evaluation. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 27.0 software, including independent sample t-tests for numerical variables and Fisher's exact test or Wilcoxon rank sum test for categorical variables. Results:Through the integrated course learning, 92.68% (38/41) of the students of grade 2020 and 97.44% (38/39) of the students of grade 2021 can basically or completely master various dental defect repair schemes and understand the importance of preserving natural tooth. 82.93% (34/41) of the students of grade 2020 and 100.00% (39/39) of the students of grade 2021 could basically or completely master the key points of various dental defect restorations.Conclusions:Through the practice of teaching, it has been confirmed that the integrated course of operative dentistry is beneficial to students' mastering the knowledge and skills of dental defect diseases and their restoration in a more comprehensive way, and is conducive to the cultivation of clinical thinking, hands-on ability and the patient-centered, comprehensive problem-solving thinking, which is in line with the guidance on the innovation and development of medical education.

Objective This study reveals the potential mechanism of electroacupuncture in alleviating the inflamma-tory injury of sensory nerves and alleviating the abnormal sensation on the ocular surface in type 2 diabetes rats with dry eye.Methods Healthy male SD rats were induced to establish type 2 diabetes dry eye rat model.Model rats were ran-domly divided into model group,electroacupuncture group,sham-acupuncture group,and fluorometholone group in the 12th week of the experiment.The blank group was established as well,and each group was intervened for 2 weeks.The corneal fluorescein sodium staining(FL),break-up time(BUT),phenol red thread test(PRT),corneal mechanical per-ception threshold(CTT)and blink frequency were measured in each group of rats.After sampling,the expression of neu-ronal injury markers,neuron specific enolase(NSE),neurofilament light chain protein Nf Light(NF-L),phosphorylated microtubule associated protein(Phospho-TAU),as well as inflammatory factors of cysteine protease-1(Caspase-1),inter-leukin-18(IL-18),and interleukin-1β(IL-1β),were observed in the trigeminal ganglion(TG)and spinal cord caudate nu-cleus(SpVc)of each group of rats.Results At the end of the 14th week,compared with the blank group,the FL of the model group,electroacupuncture group,sham-acupuncture group,and fluorometholone group significantly increased,while PRT and BUT significantly decreased.Moreover,the CTT and blink frequency of the model group,sham-acupuncture group,and fluorometholone group significantly decreased(all P＜0.01).Compared with the model group,the electroacu-puncture group and the fluorometholone group showed a decrease in FL,as well as an increase in BUT,PRT,CTT,and blink frequency,with statistically significant differences(all P＜0.05).Compared with the electroacupuncture group,the sham-acupuncture group showed significantly higher FL along with significantly lower values in BUT,PRT,CTT,and blink frequency(all P＜0.05),while the fluorometholone group exhibited decreased FL,PRT,CTT,and blink frequency but in-creased BUT(all P＜0.05).Compared to the sham-acupuncture group,the fluorometholone group exhibited significantly lower FL,but higher BUT and PRT(all P＜0.01).In TG and Sp Vc,compared with the blank group,the expression of NSE,NF-L and Phospho-TAU increased in the model group and the sham-acupuncture group(all P＜0.05);compared with the model group,the expression of NSE,NF-L and Phospho-TAU significantly reduced in the electroacupuncture group(P＜0.01);compared with the electroacupuncture group,the expression of NSE,NF-L and Phospho-TAU increased in the electroacupuncture group and the expression of Phospho-TAU in the sham-acupuncture group also increased(P＜0.05);compared with the sham-acupuncture group,the expression of Phospho-TAU or NF-L significantly reduced in the fluoro-metholone group(all P＜0.05).The Western Blot results indicate that compared with the blank group,the protein expres-sion of Caspase-1,IL-1β,and IL-18 in TG and SpVc of the model group increased;moreover,the expression of Caspase-1 and IL-18 proteins in the sham-acupuncture group also increased(all P＜0.05).Compared with the model group,the ex-pression of Caspase-1,IL-1β,and IL-18 proteins in TG and SpVc reduced in the electroacupuncture group and the fluoro-metholone group,and the expression of IL-1 β proteins in TG and SpVc also reduced in the sham-acupuncture group(all P＜0.05).Compared with the electroacupuncture group,the expression of Caspase-1,IL-1 β,and IL-18 proteins in TG and SpVc increased in the sham-acupuncture group(all P＜0.05).Compared with the sham-acupuncture group,the expression of Caspase-1,IL-1 β,and IL-18 proteins in TG and SpVc reduced in the fluorometholone group(all P＜0.05).Conclusion Electroacupuncture can effectively alleviate the abnormal ocular surface sensation of type 2 diabetes dry eye rats by alleviating the neuroinflammatory injury in TG and SpVc.

With the rapid development of generative artificial intelligence(GAI)technologies,their widespread application in academic research and writing is continuously expanding the boundaries of sci-entific inquiry.However,this trend has also raised a series of ethical and regulatory challenges,inclu-ding issues related to authorship,content authenticity,citation accuracy,and accountability.In light of the growing involvement of AI in generating academic content,establishing an open,controllable,and trustworthy ethical governance framework has become a key task for safeguarding research integrity and maintaining trust within the academic community.This expert consensus outlines ethical requirements across key stages of AI-assisted academic writing-including topic selection,data management,citation practices,and authorship attribution.It aims to clarify the boundaries and ethical obligations surrounding AI use in academic writing,ensuring that technological tools enhance efficiency without compromising in-tegrity.The goal is to provide guidance and institutional support for building a responsible and sustainable research ecosystem.

Objective To investigate the patterns of changes in biochemical factors(IL-1β and TGF-β1)and biophysical factors within the periodontal ligament microenvironment at different stages of periodontitis development.Methods Periodontitis models at different stages of development(early and late stages)were constructed in rats.The changes in the periodontal ligament microenvironment were determined by detecting biochemical factors((IL-1β and TGF-β1)and changes in periodontal ligament stiffness.Results Regarding biochemical factors,the growth factor TGF-β1 was at a high level in the early stage of periodontitis,while the inflammatory factor(IL-1β was slightly increased compared to the normal state,but expressed at a low level.As the inflammation progressed,the expression of TGF-β1 was suppressed and significantly decreased in the late stage of periodontitis(late stage:11.34±2.91 vs.early stage:20.41±2.64,P＜0.01).In contrast,the expression of(IL-1βsignificantly increased(late stage:18.77±3.36 vs.early stage:8.24±1.47,P＜0.01).Regarding biophysical factors,the stiffness of the periodontal ligament and the expression of the key protein integrin αv β3 in the mechanical signaling pathway gradually decreased with the development of periodontitis.Additionally,the osteogenic differentiation capacity of stem cells significantly decreased in the late stage of periodontitis(late stage:12.47±2.83 vs.early stage:21.15±4.38,P＜0.05).Conclusion TGF-β1 may play a role in promoting periodontal tissue repair and maintaining physiological stability in normal and early stages of periodontitis,while the increased expression of(IL-1β in the late stage of periodontitis may inhibit the osteogenic differentiation of stem cells,leading to bone loss.Biophysical factors,including matrix stiffness and integrin αvβ3 expression,gradually decrease with the progression of periodontitis,potentially affecting bone tissue repair.

Objective To explore the effect of bone grafting combined with locking plate fixation on the postoperative rehabilitation of patients with comminuted proximal humerus fractures.Methods A total of 84 patients with comminuted proximal humerus fractures who underwent surgery at Armed Forces Jiangxi General Hospital from January 2022 to July 2024 were enrolled.Using a randomized digital table method,the patients were divided into conventional group(n=42)and combined group(n=42).The combined group received bone grafting combined with locking plate fixation,while conventional group underwent single locked plate internal fixation.Perioperative indicators,shoulder joint function,range of motion,quality of life,and complications were compared between two groups.Results Compared with conventional group,intraoperative blood loss,surgical duration were longer while fracture healing time and hospitalization period were shorter in combined group,as well as postoperative drainage volume was lower(P＜0.05).Shoulder joint function of combined group was better than that of conventional group(P＜0.05).At 3 months after surgery,the short form health survey(SF-36)scores of patients in both groups were higher than those before surgery,and the SF-36 score of combined group was higher than that of conventional group(P＜0.05).The total incidence of complications in combined group was lower than that in conventional group,and the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).Conclusion Bone grafting combined with locking plate fixation for comminuted proximal humerus fractures is more safe,can shorten hospitalization time and fracture healing time,promote shoulder joint function improvement,improve patients' shoulder joint activity and quality of life.