Abstract To systematically investigate the childhood obesogenic environment from environmental and institutional perspectives, the study reviews the historical evolution of the commercial determinants of health (CDoH) theory. Focusing on three dimensions—products, marketing, and the social environment, it characterizes the contemporary childhood obesogenic environment, summarizes and compares relevant international regulatory policies, and proposes future research priorities and practical policy directions. The study aims to provide a system based theoretical foundation and actionable policy pathways for childhood obesity prevention and control in China.

Transarterial radioembolization (TARE) is a widely utilized therapeutic approach for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), however, the clinical implementation is constrained by the stringent preparation conditions of radioembolization agents. Herein, we incorporated the superstable homogeneous iodinated formulation technology (SHIFT), simultaneously utilizing an enhanced solvent form in a carbon dioxide supercritical fluid environment, to encapsulate radionuclides (such as ¹³¹I,¹⁷⁷Lu, or ¹⁸F) with lipiodol for the preparation of radiolipiodol. The resulting radiolipiodol exhibited exceptional stability and ultra-high labeling efficiency (≥99%) and displayed notable intratumoral radionuclide retention and in vivo stability more than 2 weeks following locoregional injection in subcutaneous tumors in mice and orthotopic liver tumors in rats and rabbits. Given these encouraging findings, ¹⁸F was authorized as a radiotracer in radiolipiodol for clinical trials in HCC patients, and showed a favorable tumor accumulation, with a tumor-to-liver uptake ratio of ≥50 and minimal radionuclide leakage, confirming the feasibility of SHIFT for TARE applications. In the context of transforming from preclinical to clinical screening, the preparation of radiolipiodol by SHIFT represents an innovative physical strategy for radionuclide encapsulation. Hence, this work offers a reliable and efficient approach for TARE in HCC, showing considerable promise for clinical application (ChiCTR2400087731).

Abstract The physical health of children and adolescents has received widespread attention in recent years, and a series of problems due to unbalanced energy expenditure have come into focus. Energy expenditure in children and adolescents is influenced by multiple factors including body composition and physical activity level. By analyzing and summarizing the characteristics and specificities of energy expenditure in children and adolescents at different ages, the review aims to formulate a targeted design and implementation plans for future intervention studies.

Childhood obesity has become a global public health problem, and its incidence and development are closely related to the exposure to risk factors in early life. In recent years, more and more epidemiological research evidences have shown that breastfeeding has the modification effect on early life risk factors of childhood obesity, such as high genetic risk of obesity, maternal gestational diabetes mellitus, macrosomia and other factors. This paper reviews the research results in this field, and summarizes the modification effect of breastfeeding on childhood obesity heredity and early life environmental risk factors associated with childhood obesity, to provide a reference for the evaluation of positive effect of breastfeeding on prevention and control of obesity in specific risk groups for taking targeted measure to reduce the risk for childhood obesity.

Abstract Overweight and obesity among children is not only harmful to physical and mental health, but also associated with an increased risk of chronic diseases such as hypertension and diabetes in adulthood. Health related behavioral factors are one of the most important causes of child overweight and obesity, which commonly co occur and show a synergistic negative influence on health. The synergistic effects suggest that interventions are likely to be more cost effective and to maximize impact by targeting health risk behaviors in combination with the improvement of a variety of modificable behaviors. The present review aims to describe the update of co occurrence and clustering patterns of obesity related health risk behaviors, and proposes the future direction for prevention and control of overweight and obesity in children.

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) refers to a chronic, obesity-related liver disease, which has become one of the most common liver diseases in children.NAFLD is also regarded as the liver symptom of metabolic syndrome in children, which is closely related with obesity, insulin resistance, abnormal lipid metabolism and even cardiovascular-related disease in children.Therefore, it is noteworthy to provide more concerns and efficiency strategies regarding prevention and treatment of NAFLD in children.Previous studies have shown that abnormal fructose metabolism could play an essential role in the physiopathological process of NAFLD.Here in, this study aims to perform the comparation of the similarities and differences regarding fructose metabolism in liver under physiological and pathological conditions, in addition, to clarify the problems and challenges that need to be overcome in clinical studies and bench work related to NAFLD.

Dietary surveyis a method to evaluate whether dietary intake meets body requirements by recording food consumed during a certain period.Widely-used dietary survey methods include:24 h dietary recall,dietary record,food frequency questionnaire and dietary history questionnaire.Since each method has its own advantages and limitations,researchers need to choose appropriate methods according to research purposes,accuracy requirements,availability of resources,etc.Obese children who are the focus and the major difficulty in dietary survey,it is important to choose an appropriate survey method.This article reviews widely-used dietary survey methods and evaluates them in the study of obese children related dietary surveys.

The growing trend of childhood obesity has attracted much attention globally.Overweight and obesity are not only popular in developed countries,but have spread to developing countries.China has entered an overall epidemic stage of childhood obesity.Studies have shown that obesity does not only impairs children's health,but also leads to health hazards in adult stage.Diabetes,coronary heart disease and other cardiovascular diseases may take place sooner or the incidence may become higher.The causes of obesity include genetic,early life events,physical activity patterns,diet and social psychological factors.This article reviews the current epi-demic status and the influencing factors of childhood obesity worldwide.