Objective To explore the method for establishing a pig left lung orthotopic transplantation model. Methods A total of 4 male Yorkshire pigs weighing (40.0±2.5) kg underwent surgical procedures, including anesthesia, tracheal intubation, donor lung procurement, and recipient lung transplantation. Histological morphology and blood gas analysis of the transplanted lungs were assessed 2 hours after reperfusion to evaluate the histological changes and function of the transplanted lungs. Results The pigs underwent left lung in situ transplantation, effectively simulating conditions relevant to human lung transplantation. Two hours after the transplantation, arterial blood gas analysis showed that arterial partial pressure of oxygen was 155.4-178.6 mm Hg, arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide was 53.1-62.4 mm Hg, and the oxygenation index was 310.8-357.2 mm Hg. Hematoxylin and eosin staining indicated a low degree of pulmonary edema and minimal cellular infiltration. Conclusion The pig left lung orthotopic transplantation model possesses strong operability and stability. Researchers can replicate this model according to the described methods and further conduct basic research and explore clinical translational applications.

Objective:To investigate the impact of postoperative complications on adverse outcomes following curative-intent resection for gallbladder cancer (GBC).Methods:The multi-center real-world study was conducted. The clinicopathological data of 629 patients with GBC, who were admitted to 14 medical centers including The First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University from the national multicenter database of Biliary Surgery Group of Elite Group of Chinese Journal of Digestive Surgery, from April 2020 to April 2024 were collected. There were 225 males and 404 females, aged (64±10)years. Patients underwent open curative-intent resection for GBC. Observation indicators: (1)surgery, postoperative complica-tions and adverse outcomes; (2) analysis of risk factors affecting postoperative adverse outcomes in patients and population attributable fraction (PAF). Missing data in predictor variables were addressed using multiple imputation with chained equations, while cases with missing outcome variables were addressed using the "multiple imputation then deletion (MID)" strategy. The severity of multicollinearity among independent variables was assessed using the variance inflation factor (VIF) test. Multivariable possion regression models with log link and robust error variance were construc-ted incorporating restricted cubic splines (3 knots) to address nonlinear relationships in continuous variables, calculating adjusted relative risk ( RR) with corresponding 95% confidence interval ( CI). Adjusted PAF was calculated for each imputed dataset using the AF package of R software, with subsequent pooling performed according to Rubin's rules. Results:(1) Surgery, postoperative complications and adverse outcomes. All 629 patients underwent curative-intent resection for GBC, of which 143 cases had postoperative complications, including 68 cases of intra-abdominal ascites, 39 cases of pulmonary infection, 21 cases of bile leakage, 12 cases of intra-abdominal hemorrhage, 11 cases of liver failure, 10 cases of pan-creatic fistula, 10 cases of wound infection, 10 cases of gastroparesis, 7 cases of cholangitis, 7 cases of sepsis. The same patient could have more than one kind of complication. Of 629 patients, there were 19 cases of postoperative 90-day death and 11 cases of missing data, 42 cases with post-operative 90-day reoperation and 7 cases with missing data, 44 cases with postoperative 90-day readmission and 3 cases with missing data, 155 cases with prolonged postoperative hospital stay and 3 cases with missing data. (2) Analysis of risk factors affecting the postoperative adverse outcomes in patients and PAF. Results of multivariate analysis showed that pulmonary infection and liver failure were independent risk factors for postoperative 90-day mortality ( RR=3.74, 12.15, 95% CI as 1.18-11.83, 1.98-74.48, P<0.05). Pulmonary infection demons-trated the highest PAF as 4.61% (95% CI as 3.94%-5.28%, P<0.05). Intra-abdominal ascites, pulmonary infection, bile leakage, and intra-abdominal hemorrhage were independent risk factors for post-operative 90-day reoperation ( RR=4.80, 3.62, 3.46, 4.99, 95% CI as 2.49-9.26, 1.42-9.21, 1.34-8.92, 1.55-16.06, P<0.05). Intra-abdominal ascites demonstrated the highest PAF as 8.65% (95% CI as 8.22%-9.08%, P<0.05). Intra-abdominal ascites, bile leakage, and liver failure were independent risk factors for postoperative 90-day readmission ( RR=6.20, 3.33, 14.33, 95% CI as 3.21-11.95, 1.33-8.35, 3.72-55.28, P<0.05). Intra-abdominal ascites demonstrated the highest PAF as 9.11% (95% CI as 8.85%-9.37%, P<0.05). Intra-abdominal ascites, pulmonary infection, bile leakage, liver failure, and wound infection were independent risk factors for prolonged postoperative hospital stay ( RR=2.29, 2.21, 2.26, 2.14, 3.35, 95% CI as 1.63-3.23, 1.41-3.46, 1.32-3.86, 1.11-4.13, 1.70-6.60, P<0.05). Intra-abdominal ascites demonstrated the highest PAF as 6.03% (95% CI as 5.71%-6.35%, P<0.05). Conclusion:Pulmonary infection is the most significant risk factor for postoperative 90-day mortality after curative-intent resection for GBC, while intra-abdominal ascites is the most significant risk factor for postoperative 90-day reoperation, postoperative 90-day readmission, and prolonged postoperative hospital stay.

Objective To explore the feasibility and safety of ultrasound-guided percutaneous microwave ablation for unresectable pancreatic cancer.Methods Totally 84 patients who underwent ultrasound-guided percutaneous microwave ablation for unresectable pancreatic cancer were enrolled,and the technical success rate,complete ablation rate,complication rate,pain relief rate and survival time,etc.were observed.Results The median age of 84 cases was 61.5 years.Totally 86 tumors,including 44.19％(38/86)at the head/neck and 55.81％(48/86)at the body/tail of pancreas were detected,and a total of 85 ablation sessions were performed with the median ablation energy applied per tumor of 9.90(1.08,21.60)kJ and the complete ablation rate of 42.86％(36/84).The technical success rate was 100％(85/85).Thirty-nine complication events occurred in 25 cases,no ablation-related death.Among 34 patients underwent ablation mainly for pain symptoms,the pain score decreased from(6.22±1.12)points before treatment to(1.94±1.64)points after treatment(P＜0.001).During 6.8(3.3,12.9)months' follow-up,the mean survival time was(8.5±6.7)months,and all 47 patients died due to tumor progression.Conclusion Ultrasound-guided percutaneous microwave ablation was safe and feasible for unresectable pancreatic cancer.

Acute pancreatitis(AP)is a severe digestive system emergency characterized by high morbidity and mortality,with a complex pathogenesis involving multiple signaling pathways.Among them,the RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway plays a crucial role in the onset and progression of AP,influencing pancreatic inflammation,fibrosis,microcirculatory regulation,and interactions with other signaling pathways.Studies have shown that inhibiting the RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway can effectively alleviate AP severity,reduce inflammatory cytokine levels,and improve pancreatic microcirculation,offering new therapeutic insights and potential strategies for AP treatment.Therefore,this review systematically summarizes the structure and function of the RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway,explores its mechanistic role in AP progression,and further discusses its potential clinical applications.By integrating existing research findings,this paper aims to provide new perspectives on the role of this signaling pathway in AP and offer a theoretical foundation for future basic research and clinical applications.

Objective To explore the new mechanism of Escin inhibiting the progression of breast cancer cells.Methods Escin treatment groups with different concentrations(0,10,20,30,40μg/ml)were set up,and BC cells were treated with corresponding concentrations of Escin,then CCK8,clonal formation,flow cytometry,transmission electron microscopy and protein immunoblotting were used to evaluate the cell phenotype and possible mechanisms.Control group,Escin group and Escin+VX-765 group were set up,to determine the role of Caspase-1/GSDMD signaling pathway in Escin-induced pyroptosis of BC cells,cells were pretreated with Caspase-1 inhibitor VX-765.The cells in control group,Escin group and Escin+NAC group were pretreated with the reactive oxygen species(ROS)scavher N-Acetylcysteine(NAC),to determine the role of ROS in Escin induced pyroptosis of BC cells.Results Compared with the control group,different concentrations of Escin inhibited the proliferation and colony formation of BC cells in a concentration dependent manner(P＜0.05).Compared with the control group,the ROS and pyroptosis rate were increased in Escin-treated group(P＜0.05).The protein expression levels of FL-GSDMD and pro-Caspase-1 were significantly decreased in the Escin-treated group,while N-GSDMD,cleaved Caspase-1 and IL-18 protein expression were significantly increased(P＜0.05).Compared with the Escin-treated group,the proliferation rate of Escin+VX-765 group was increased(P＜0.05),and the expression of pyroptosis protein was decreased(P＜0.05).Compared with the Escin-treated group,the proliferation rate of Escin+NAC group was increased(P＜0.05),and the ROS,pyroptosis rate and pyroptosis protein expression were decreased(P＜0.05).Conclusion The inhibitory effect of Escin on the progression of breast cancer cells may be related to its regulation of ROS/Caspase-1/GSDMD signaling pathway to promote cell pyroptosis.

Acute pancreatitis(AP)is a severe digestive system emergency characterized by high morbidity and mortality,with a complex pathogenesis involving multiple signaling pathways.Among them,the RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway plays a crucial role in the onset and progression of AP,influencing pancreatic inflammation,fibrosis,microcirculatory regulation,and interactions with other signaling pathways.Studies have shown that inhibiting the RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway can effectively alleviate AP severity,reduce inflammatory cytokine levels,and improve pancreatic microcirculation,offering new therapeutic insights and potential strategies for AP treatment.Therefore,this review systematically summarizes the structure and function of the RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway,explores its mechanistic role in AP progression,and further discusses its potential clinical applications.By integrating existing research findings,this paper aims to provide new perspectives on the role of this signaling pathway in AP and offer a theoretical foundation for future basic research and clinical applications.

Objective:To investigate the clinical efficacy of compound sabal berry tablets on overactive bladder symptoms in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia after transurethral laser enucleation of the prostate.Methods:This study was a prospective study. Eighty patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia who underwent laser enucleation at Tongliao People's Hospital from January 2024 to December 2024 were included in this study. The patients were randomly divided into a study group and a control group using the random number table method, with 40 patients per group. The control group received 0.2 mg of tolterodine tartrate tablets twice a day after surgery. The study group was given compound sabal berry tablets (0.5 g orally three times a day) in addition to the treatment provided to the control group. Both groups of patients were treated for 4 weeks after surgery. The clinical efficacy of the two groups was compared, including the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), Overactive Bladder Symptom Score (OABSS), Maximum Postoperative Urinary Flow Rate (Qmax), Post-Void Residual (PVR), and the incidence of postoperative bladder irritative symptoms.Results:The differences in the preoperative indicators, including IPSS, OABSS, Qmax, and PVR, between the two groups were not statistically significant (all P > 0.05). Preoperatively, in the control group, Qmax was (8.64 ± 2.83) mL/s, IPSS was (25.10 ± 4.37), OABSS was (10.52 ± 1.87), and PVR was (80.70 ± 6.34) mL; in the study group, the respective values were (9.12 ± 2.95) mL/s, (24.60 ± 4.53), (10.83 ± 1.73), and (80.10 ± 5.61) mL. Postoperatively, in the control group, Qmax was (20.30 ± 3.65) mL/s, IPSS was (8.50 ± 1.58), OABSS was (4.09 ± 0.52), and PVR was (9.70 ± 2.48) mL, while in the study group, the respective values were (21.40 ± 4.38) mL/s, (7.40 ± 1.76), (1.71 ± 0.36), and (9.00 ± 1.75) mL. Postoperatively, both groups showed a significant increase in Qmax, while IPSS, OABSS, and PVR all significantly decreased (all P < 0.05). Postoperatively, the IPSS and OABSS in the study group were significantly lower than those in the control group ( t = -3.28, -25.89, both P < 0.05). However, there were no statistically significant differences in Qmax and PVR between the two groups (both P > 0.05). The incidence of bladder irritative symptoms in the study group [12.50% (5/40)] was significantly lower than that in the control group [35.00% (14/40), χ2 = 8.64, P < 0.05]. Conclusions:Compound sabal berry tablets can reduce postoperative prostate symptoms and overactive bladder symptoms in patients undergoing transurethral laser enucleation of the prostate for benign prostatic hyperplasia, demonstrating a certain clinical efficacy.

Objective To explore the new mechanism of Escin inhibiting the progression of breast cancer cells.Methods Escin treatment groups with different concentrations(0,10,20,30,40μg/ml)were set up,and BC cells were treated with corresponding concentrations of Escin,then CCK8,clonal formation,flow cytometry,transmission electron microscopy and protein immunoblotting were used to evaluate the cell phenotype and possible mechanisms.Control group,Escin group and Escin+VX-765 group were set up,to determine the role of Caspase-1/GSDMD signaling pathway in Escin-induced pyroptosis of BC cells,cells were pretreated with Caspase-1 inhibitor VX-765.The cells in control group,Escin group and Escin+NAC group were pretreated with the reactive oxygen species(ROS)scavher N-Acetylcysteine(NAC),to determine the role of ROS in Escin induced pyroptosis of BC cells.Results Compared with the control group,different concentrations of Escin inhibited the proliferation and colony formation of BC cells in a concentration dependent manner(P＜0.05).Compared with the control group,the ROS and pyroptosis rate were increased in Escin-treated group(P＜0.05).The protein expression levels of FL-GSDMD and pro-Caspase-1 were significantly decreased in the Escin-treated group,while N-GSDMD,cleaved Caspase-1 and IL-18 protein expression were significantly increased(P＜0.05).Compared with the Escin-treated group,the proliferation rate of Escin+VX-765 group was increased(P＜0.05),and the expression of pyroptosis protein was decreased(P＜0.05).Compared with the Escin-treated group,the proliferation rate of Escin+NAC group was increased(P＜0.05),and the ROS,pyroptosis rate and pyroptosis protein expression were decreased(P＜0.05).Conclusion The inhibitory effect of Escin on the progression of breast cancer cells may be related to its regulation of ROS/Caspase-1/GSDMD signaling pathway to promote cell pyroptosis.

Objective To evaluate the therapeutic effects of ticagrelor combined with traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)in patients with microvascular angina.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 356 patients diagnosed with microvascular angina who were hospitalized in the Department of Cardiology at the First Hospital of Hebei Medical University between January 1,2022,and January 1,2024.Patients were assigned to a conventional treatment group or a combined TCM-Western medicine treatment group.The conven-tional treatment group received standard Western medicine therapy,whereas the combined treatment group received ticagrelor and TCM based on syndrome differentiation.After four weeks of treatment,coronary flow reserve(CFR),Canadian Cardiovascular Society(CCS)angina classification,and incidence of adverse drug reactions were compared between the two groups.Results The combined TCM-Western medicine treatment group had significantly better outcomes in CFR and CCS angina classification than the conventional treat-ment group(P＜0.05).Conclusion The combination of ticagrelor and TCM is safe and effective for treating patients with microvascular angina.

Objective:To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and delay in detection of reported brucellosis cases in Nangang District of Harbin City, Heilongjiang Province, in order to provide a basis for improving targeted measures for brucellosis prevention and control.Methods:Data on brucellosis reported in Nangang District of Harbin City between 2018 and 2022 were obtained from the China Disease Prevention and Control Information System. A descriptive analysis was conducted to outline the epidemiological status, epidemiological features, and sources of cases. Seasonal patterns of brucellosis were assessed using the concentration degree and seasonal index methods. Joinpoint regression model was used to analyze the trend of delay in detection.Results:From 2018 to 2022, a total of 4 428 cases of brucellosis were reported in Nangang District, with 1 183 cases (26.72%) reported in 2018 and 528 cases (11.92%) reported in 2022. The gender ratio of the cases was 2.80 ∶ 1.00 (3 264 ∶ 1 164). Most cases occurred in individuals aged 30 to 59 years (73.19%, 3 241/4 428). Occupationally, farmers comprised the majority of cases (88.73%, 3 929/4 428), followed by homemakers/unemployed individuals (3.73%, 165/4 428), and students (2.03%, 90/4 428). Regarding case origin, 31.48% (1 394/4 428) were from Harbin City, while 64.97% (2 877/4 428) originated from other cities within Heilongjiang Province, predominantly from Suihua City (38.89%, 1 722/4 428). Additionally, 157 cases (3.55%, 157/4 428) were reported from outside Heilongjiang Province, all of which were from Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and Jilin Province. Brucellosis incidence showed weak seasonality ( M = 0.230), with the epidemic period spanning from March to August. During this period, seasonal indices C exceeded 100%, peaking in July (168.02%). From 2018 to 2022, the average annual delay rate in case detection was 20.14% (892/4 428). The delayed detection rates of brucellosis cases in each year were 30.68% (363/1 183), 17.86% (200/1 120), 17.23% (117/679), 12.75% (117/918), and 17.99% (95/528), respectively (average annual percentage change = - 17.52%, P = 0.090). Conclusions:Brucellosis in Nangang District of Harbin Citydemonstrates weak seasonality, with peak incidence occurring from March to August. Detection delays remain a concern, highlighting the need for sustained surveillance and the implementation of integrated, multi-sectoral prevention and control measures.