ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of Tougu Xiaotong capsules （TGXTC） on the regulation of chondrocyte PANoptosis， delay of chondrocyte degeneration， and improvement of the symptoms in knee osteoarthritis （KOA）. MethodsIn vivo experiments： 50 male C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned into five groups （n=10 per group）： sham operation group， model group， low-dose TGXTC group （7.2 g·kg^-1）， high-dose TGXTC group （14.4 g·kg^-1）， and diclofenac sodium group （0.05 g·kg^-1）. Except for the sham group， KOA models were established in all other groups using the modified Hulth method. Following successful model induction， the TGXTC groups received daily oral gavage of 7.2 or 14.4 g·kg^-1 for 6 weeks， while the diclofenac sodium group received 0.05 g·kg^-1 solution daily over the same duration. Model evaluation was performed using Lequesne MG score； micro-computed tomography （micro-CT） was used to scan the knee， hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining and safranin O-fast green staining were used to observe the morphology of cartilage， transmission electron microscopy （TEM） was used to determine ultrastructural changes of PANoptosis. Multiple immunofluorescence （IF） co-localization assays was performed to detect the co-localization of cleaved Caspase-3， receptor-interacting protein 3 （RlPK3）， and the N-terminal domain of gasdermin D （GSDMD-N） in cartilage tissue， while western blot was employed to detect the expression levels of cleaved Caspase-3， RIPK3， and GSDMD-N. In vitro experiments： The knee cartilages of 4-week-old SD rats were isolated， and a chondrocyte in vitro culture system was established through mechanical digestion with 0.2% type Ⅱ collagenase. Second-generation chondrocytes were divided into three groups： the control group， the model group （pretreated with 10 mg·L^-1 lipopolysaccharide （LPS） for 24 h followed by treatment with 1 μmol·L^-1 nigericin for 4 h）， and the TGXTC treatment group （pretreated with 10 mg·L^-1 LPS for 24 h， followed by exposure to 1 μmol·L^-1 nigericin for 4 h and subsequently treated with 100 mg·L^-1 TGXTC for an additional 24 h）. The levels of reactive oxygen species （ROS）， apoptosis， necroptosis， and pyroptosis of chondrocytes were evaluated via fluorescence microscopy following staining with ROS detection， AO/EB and YO-PRO-1/PI staining kits. Transmission electron microscopy was utilized to investigate the ultrastructural changes associated with PANoptosis in cartilage tissue of KOA mice. Inflammatory cytokine levels （IL-1β and IL-18） were measured using ELISA. Western blot was conducted to assess protein expressions related to PANoptosis， including cleaved Caspase-3， cleaved Caspase-8， RIPK3， ZBP1， GSDMD-N， and NLRP3. ResultsCompared with the sham group， the Lequesne MG scores were significantly up-regulated（P<0.01） in the model group， and the pathological changes of cartilage were significantly， with joint spaces narrower， osteophyte formation increased， secere abrasion of cartilage surface. Ultrastructural analysis revealed pronounced chondrocyte apoptosis， necroptosis， and pyroptosis， along with markedly elevated expression of cleaved Caspase-3， RlPK3， and GSDMD-N in cartilage tissue （P<0.01）. In addition， The mean fluorescence intensities of ROS， orange-red fluorescence in AO/EB staining， green fluorescence and red fluorescence in YO-PRO-1/PI staining were increased of chondrocyte in the model group （P<0.01） . The levels of inflammatory factors IL-1β and IL-18 in the supernatant were increased （P<0.01）. The expression of PANoptosis related proteins （cleaved Caspase-3， cleaved Caspase-8， RIPK3， ZBP1， GSDMD-N， and NLRP3） were also significantly upregulated（P<0.05）. Compared to the model group， the TGXTC group demonstrated a significant improvement in various parameters of mice. These included a reduction in the Lequesne MG score， an increase in joint space， a decrease in osteophyte formation， diminished cartilage damage， reduced release of ROS， and alleviation of apoptotic， necroptotic， and pyroptotic processes in chondrocytes. Additionally， mitochondrial swelling and endoplasmic reticulum dilation were also mitigated. The levels of ROS as well as IL-1β and IL-18 were significantly decreased （P<0.05）. Furthermore， the expression levels of proteins associated with PANoptosis in cartilage tissue showed marked reductions （P<0.05）. Similar results were observed in chondrocytes： cleaved Caspase-3， cleaved Caspase-8， RIPK3， ZBP1， GSDMD-N， and NLRP3 exhibited significant decreases as well （P<0.05）. ConclusionTGXTC may mitigate chondrocytes degeneration and alleviate KOA symptoms by reducing oxidative stress and suppressing the activation of PANoptosis pathways.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of Tougu Xiaotong capsules （TGXTC） on the regulation of chondrocyte PANoptosis， delay of chondrocyte degeneration， and improvement of the symptoms in knee osteoarthritis （KOA）. MethodsIn vivo experiments： 50 male C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned into five groups （n=10 per group）： sham operation group， model group， low-dose TGXTC group （7.2 g·kg^-1）， high-dose TGXTC group （14.4 g·kg^-1）， and diclofenac sodium group （0.05 g·kg^-1）. Except for the sham group， KOA models were established in all other groups using the modified Hulth method. Following successful model induction， the TGXTC groups received daily oral gavage of 7.2 or 14.4 g·kg^-1 for 6 weeks， while the diclofenac sodium group received 0.05 g·kg^-1 solution daily over the same duration. Model evaluation was performed using Lequesne MG score； micro-computed tomography （micro-CT） was used to scan the knee， hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining and safranin O-fast green staining were used to observe the morphology of cartilage， transmission electron microscopy （TEM） was used to determine ultrastructural changes of PANoptosis. Multiple immunofluorescence （IF） co-localization assays was performed to detect the co-localization of cleaved Caspase-3， receptor-interacting protein 3 （RlPK3）， and the N-terminal domain of gasdermin D （GSDMD-N） in cartilage tissue， while western blot was employed to detect the expression levels of cleaved Caspase-3， RIPK3， and GSDMD-N. In vitro experiments： The knee cartilages of 4-week-old SD rats were isolated， and a chondrocyte in vitro culture system was established through mechanical digestion with 0.2% type Ⅱ collagenase. Second-generation chondrocytes were divided into three groups： the control group， the model group （pretreated with 10 mg·L^-1 lipopolysaccharide （LPS） for 24 h followed by treatment with 1 μmol·L^-1 nigericin for 4 h）， and the TGXTC treatment group （pretreated with 10 mg·L^-1 LPS for 24 h， followed by exposure to 1 μmol·L^-1 nigericin for 4 h and subsequently treated with 100 mg·L^-1 TGXTC for an additional 24 h）. The levels of reactive oxygen species （ROS）， apoptosis， necroptosis， and pyroptosis of chondrocytes were evaluated via fluorescence microscopy following staining with ROS detection， AO/EB and YO-PRO-1/PI staining kits. Transmission electron microscopy was utilized to investigate the ultrastructural changes associated with PANoptosis in cartilage tissue of KOA mice. Inflammatory cytokine levels （IL-1β and IL-18） were measured using ELISA. Western blot was conducted to assess protein expressions related to PANoptosis， including cleaved Caspase-3， cleaved Caspase-8， RIPK3， ZBP1， GSDMD-N， and NLRP3. ResultsCompared with the sham group， the Lequesne MG scores were significantly up-regulated（P<0.01） in the model group， and the pathological changes of cartilage were significantly， with joint spaces narrower， osteophyte formation increased， secere abrasion of cartilage surface. Ultrastructural analysis revealed pronounced chondrocyte apoptosis， necroptosis， and pyroptosis， along with markedly elevated expression of cleaved Caspase-3， RlPK3， and GSDMD-N in cartilage tissue （P<0.01）. In addition， The mean fluorescence intensities of ROS， orange-red fluorescence in AO/EB staining， green fluorescence and red fluorescence in YO-PRO-1/PI staining were increased of chondrocyte in the model group （P<0.01） . The levels of inflammatory factors IL-1β and IL-18 in the supernatant were increased （P<0.01）. The expression of PANoptosis related proteins （cleaved Caspase-3， cleaved Caspase-8， RIPK3， ZBP1， GSDMD-N， and NLRP3） were also significantly upregulated（P<0.05）. Compared to the model group， the TGXTC group demonstrated a significant improvement in various parameters of mice. These included a reduction in the Lequesne MG score， an increase in joint space， a decrease in osteophyte formation， diminished cartilage damage， reduced release of ROS， and alleviation of apoptotic， necroptotic， and pyroptotic processes in chondrocytes. Additionally， mitochondrial swelling and endoplasmic reticulum dilation were also mitigated. The levels of ROS as well as IL-1β and IL-18 were significantly decreased （P<0.05）. Furthermore， the expression levels of proteins associated with PANoptosis in cartilage tissue showed marked reductions （P<0.05）. Similar results were observed in chondrocytes： cleaved Caspase-3， cleaved Caspase-8， RIPK3， ZBP1， GSDMD-N， and NLRP3 exhibited significant decreases as well （P<0.05）. ConclusionTGXTC may mitigate chondrocytes degeneration and alleviate KOA symptoms by reducing oxidative stress and suppressing the activation of PANoptosis pathways.

Objective: To explore the association between meat consumption and anxiety symptoms in first year junior high school students in Yunnan Province, and to provide theoretical support for preventing and relieving anxiety symptoms in junior high school students. Methods: From October to December 2022, a random cluster sampling method was used to select 8 500 first year junior high school students from 11 counties in Yunnan Province as the survey subjects for a questionnaire survey. The study used Food Frequency Questionnaire and the Chinese version of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21) to assess the meat consumption and anxiety symptoms of junior high school students.The distribution differences in anxiety symptoms among first year junior high school students with different demographic characteristics were analyzed statistically by using the Chi-square test,and the association between meat consumption and anxiety symptoms in students was analyzed by using a generalized linear model. Results: The detection rate of anxiety symptoms was 48.47%. After controlling for demographic variables and confounding factors, the consumption of livestock meat, poultry meat, processed meat, cured meat, barbecued meat and raw skin meat was statistically significant with anxiety symptoms ( β =-0.05, 0.04, 0.04, 0.08, 0.14, 0.17, all P <0.05). Stratified by ethnicity, The consumption of livestock meat, cured meat and barbecue was statistically correlated with anxiety symptoms in Han adolescents ( β =-0.07, 0.14, 0.22 ); the consumption of processed meat and raw skin meat was statistically correlated with anxiety symptoms in ethnic minority adolescents ( β =0.08, 0.18) (all P <0.05). Conclusions There is a statistical association between meat comsumption and the risk of anxiety symptoms in first year junior high school students in Yunnan Province. Guidance on meat consumption should be strengthened to prevent the occurrence of anxiety symptoms.

ObjectiveBased on the regulation of macrophage M2 polarization， this study aims to explore the molecular mechanism and action targets of the Qijia Rougan prescription and its key effector ingredients in anti-fibrosis， thereby providing a basis and reference for the development of new drugs for hepatic fibrosis. MethodsA rat model of hepatic fibrosis was established by subcutaneous injection of 40%CCl₄， followed by oral administration of Qijia Rougan granules. The volume of collagen fibers was detected using Masson staining， the fibrosis markers Collagen Ⅰ and α-SMA were detected using immunohistochemistry， the proportion of M2 macrophages was detected by flow cytometry. The expression levels of M2 macrophage phenotype markers CD163 and CD206 were detected using immunofluorescence double staining. Western blot was used to detect the levels of the transforming growth factor-β （TGF-β）， platelet derived growth factor subunit B （PDGFB）， interleukin-10 （IL-10）， phosphorylated Janus kinase 1 （p-JAK1）， and phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 （p-STAT6）. Real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR was used to detect the relative expression levels of JAK1， STAT6， Arginase 1（Arg1）， and Fizz1. Based on the theory of serum pharmacology， liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and WENN analysis were used to obtain the active ingredients of Qijia Rougan prescription. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation were performed to analyze the effector ingredients and their targets. The identified effector ingredients were interfered with IL-4-induced M2 polarization of RAW264.7 macrophage in vitro to validate the targets. ResultsQijia Rougan prescription significantly reduced the content of fibrosis markers α-SMA and Collagen Ⅰ， as well as collagen fiber content （P<0.05）. It decreased the proportion of M2 macrophages and the levels of related cytokines IL-10， TGF-β and PDGFB， and up-regulated the levels of p-JAK1 and p-STAT6 （P<0.05）. A total of 1 214 compounds were identified from Qijia Rougan prescription， medicated serum and blank serum， and 29 ingredients were finalized by Venn analysis， including 15 blood-entry prototypes and 14 drug metabolites. Molecular docking showed that enoxolone and berberine bound more strongly to JAK1， with binding free energies of -9.6 kcal·mol^-1（1 cal≈4.184 J） and -9.1 kcal·mol^-1， respectively. Molecular dynamics simulations showed that JAK1-enoxolone and JAK1-berberine exhibited stable simulation trajectories within 100 ns， with essentially identical conformations and high protein overlap before and after simulation. Their binding free energies were -25.18 5.0.81 kcal·mol^-1 and -27.39 7.0.85 kcal·mol^-1， respectively. The number of hydrogen bonds formed between JAK1 and enoxolone ranges from 0 to 5， and most of the time can be maintained at 2-3. In vitro intervention with enoxolone or berberine significantly reduced p-JAK1 and p-STAT6 levels （P<0.05）. ConclusionQijia Rougan prescription inhibits M2 macrophage polarization in hepatic fibrosis. Enoxolone and berberine are the key effector ingredients of Qijia Rougan prescription to inhibit macrophage M2 polarization through targeting JAK1 and modulating the JAK1/STAT6 signaling pathway， thereby ameliorating hepatic fibrosis. This study provides a basis for prescription optimization， clinical application and new drug development， as well as a reference for monolithic anti-hepatic fibrosis research.

ObjectiveTo investigate the associations of multiple glycolipid metabolic indicators and their cumulative abnormality burden with incident colorectal cancer risk in a general population-based prospective cohort, and to examine the mediating role of glycolipid metabolic abnormalities in the relationships between smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, and colorectal cancer incidence. MethodsA total of 17 897 eligible participants recruited from the Taizhou Cohort between 2011 and 2014 were included. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to assess the associations of conventional and derived glycolipid indicators, as well as a glycolipid abnormality index constructed from total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, fasting plasma glucose, and insulin, with incident colorectal cancer risk. Restricted cubic spline models were applied to evaluate dose-response relationships for major indicators. Receiver operating characteristic curves were generated to compare predictive performance across indicators. Mediation analyses were conducted to assess the mediating effects of the glycolipid abnormality index on the associations of smoking, alcohol consumption, and physical activity with colorectal cancer incidence. ResultsDuring a median follow-up of 11.2 years, 102 incident colorectal cancer cases were identified, with an incidence density of 51.2 per 100 000 person-years. After adjustment for potential confounders, Cox proportional hazards regression analyses showed that decreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was associated with a 1.74-fold higher risk of colorectal cancer (HR=1.74, 95%CI: 1.03‒2.95), elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol was associated with a 1.78-fold higher risk (HR=1.78, 95%CI: 1.05‒3.02), and abnormal fasting plasma glucose was associated with a 1.86-fold higher risk (HR=1.86, 95%CI: 1.15‒3.02). Triglycerides and fasting plasma glucose showed an approximately linear increasing association with colorectal cancer risk in multivariable restricted cubic spline models. The glycolipid abnormality index showed a clear gradient association with colorectal cancer risk; participants with three or more abnormal indicators had a 3.08-fold higher risk than those without abnormalities (HR=3.08, 95%CI: 1.60‒5.92). The area under the curve was 0.795, higher than that of individual glycolipid indicators and other combined indices, and gender-stratified analyses showed generally consistent patterns. Glycolipid metabolic abnormalities partially mediated the associations of smoking, alcohol consumption, and physical activity with colorectal cancer incidence, with mediation proportions of 8.33%, 9.45%, and 9.04%, respectively. ConclusionGlycolipid metabolic abnormalities are associated with an increased risk of incident colorectal cancer. The glycolipid abnormality index shows an increasing relationship with colorectal cancer risk and demonstrates better discrimination, and it partially mediates the associations of smoking, alcohol consumption, and physical activity with colorectal cancer incidence in the overall population.

Objective:To analyze the value of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) combined with magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) in the clinical grading and prognosis assessment of brain glioma.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 72 patients with brain glioma admitted to Yan'an People's Hospital from January 2010 to December 2023. The cohort included 40 males and 32 females, with ages ranging from 25 to 76 years and an average age of (40.3 ± 6.8) years. All patients underwent routine magnetic resonance imaging plain scans, contrast-enhanced ultrasound examination, DTI, and MRS prior to surgery. Measurements were conducted for fractional anisotropy (FA), N-acetyl aspartate (NAA), choline compounds (Cho), and creatinine (Cr). Additionally, the ratios of NAA/Cho, Cho/Cr, and NAA/Cr were calculated. The imaging characteristics of brain glioma were analyzed, and the clinical utility of these indicators for grading and prognosis assessment of brain glioma was evaluated.Results:DTI results of the 72 included patients revealed disruption of the white matter fiber tracts surrounding the tumors. MRS of the 72 included patients showed either approximately normal values or indicated elevated Cho and Cr levels, along with decreased NAA levels. Diffuse mild to moderate enhancement was observed in 35 patients (48.61%), presenting with a patchy pattern that suggested a higher tumor grade. When comparing low-grade gliomas (LGG) and high-grade gliomas (HGG) to the corresponding healthy tissue, significant differences were observed in FA value in the peritumoral edema region [(0.20 ± 0.06) × 10 -3 mm2/s vs. (0.62 ± 0.08) × 10 -3 mm2/s for LGG, and (0.17 ± 0.05) × 10 -3 mm2/s vs. (0.62 ± 0.09) × 10 -3 mm2/s for HGG] , NAA/Cho ratio [(0.36 ± 0.11) vs. (1.41 ± 0.33) for LGG, and (0.19 ± 0.06) vs. (1.42 ± 0.35) for HGG], Cho/Cr ratio [(2.39 ± 0.51) vs. (1.12 ± 0.26) for LGG, and (3.81 ± 0.94) vs. (1.12 ± 0.28) for HGG], and NAA/Cr ratio [(0.75 ± 0.24) vs. (1.52 ± 0.31) for LGG, and (0.38 ± 0.12) vs. (1.52 ± 0.29) for HGG]. All observed differences were statistically significant ( tLGG = 26.56, 19.09, 14.03, 12.42; tHGG = 27.64, 21.90, 17.34, 22.97, all P < 0.05). There were statistically significant differences in FA [(0.20 ± 0.06) × 10 -3 mm2/s vs. (0.17 ± 0.05) × 10 -3 mm2/s], NAA/Cho [(0.36 ± 0.11) vs. (0.19 ± 0.06)], Cho/Cr [(2.39 ± 0.51) vs. (3.81 ± 0.94)], and NAA/Cr [(0.75 ± 0.24) vs. (0.38 ± 0.12)] between LGG and HGG ( t = 2.26, 7.85, 8.17, 7.95, all P < 0.05). Follow-up conducted 6 months to 3 years postoperatively revealed that the Cho/Cr ratio in the death group was significantly higher than that in the survival group [2.172 (1.662, 2.863) vs. 2.729 (2.431, 3.689), U = 2.17, P < 0.05]. However, there were no statistically significant differences in FA, NAA/Cho, and NAA/Cr values between survival and death groups ( P > 0.05). Conclusions:Combined DTI and MRS can reveal specific imaging characteristics of brain gliomas, providing valuable information for clinical grading of brain gliomas. Furthermore, the Cho/Cr ratio is associated with prognosis and may serve as a potential imaging biomarker for predicting the outcome of brain gliomas.

Objective:To investigate the impact of the number of examined lymph nodes (ELN) on survival outcomes in gastric cancer patients with postoperative pathological stage pN3b.Methods:This retrospective cohort study included 279 pN3b gastric cancer patients who underwent D2 gastrectomy at Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University (September 2008 to April 2023), with 35 patients receiving combination chemotherapy and anti-PD-1 therapy (immunotherapy group) and 244 receiving adjuvant chemotherapy alone (nonimmunotherapy group). Additionally, 422 patients with pN3b from the SEER database (2005 to 2020) were collected as an external validation cohort to determine the optimal cutoff value for the number of lymph nodes examined in the nonimmunotherapy group. The primary endpoints were overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) in the nonimmunotherapy group of the Nanfang Hospital cohort, stratified by whether the number of examined lymph nodes was above or below the ELN optimal cutoff value. These findings were subsequently validated in the SEER cohort.Results:The optimal ELN cutoff value (34 nodes) was determined using X-tile software and by constructing an ELN-HR fitting model with inflection point identification. In the nonimmunotherapy group, patients with ELN >34 exhibited significantly prolonged survival compared to ELN ≤34 (median OS: 25.0 (95%CI:20.5-29.5) to 17.0 (95%CI:12.7-21.3) months, P=0.004; median RFS: 19.0 (95%CI:15.6-22.4) to 13.0 (95%CI:9.5-16.5) months, P=0.048). Multivariate Cox analysis also showed ELN >34 to be an independent protective factor for both OS (HR=0.576, 95%CI: 0.397-0.836) and RFS (HR=0.701, 95%CI: 0.492-0.998). In the SEER cohort, ELN >34 was associated with a 5-month OS extension (19 to 14 months, P=0.065), with multivariate analysis supporting its independent prognostic significance (HR=0.729, 95%CI: 0.580-0.915, P=0.006). Notably, in the immunotherapy group, patients with ELN >34 ( n=30) achieved a median OS of 41 months, but the median OS had not been reached in the ELN ≤34 group ( n=5) (1 death at 48 months). Conclusion:Higher ELN (>34) correlates with improved survival in nonimmunotherapy-treated pN3b gastric cancer patients. However, in pN3b gastric cancer patients treated with immunotherapy, the optimal ELN threshold requires further exploration to determine.

In response to issues in diagnostics experiment teaching for intelligent medical engineering in medical colleges and universities, such as the disconnection between theory and practice, the teaching content emphasizing "medicine" rather than "engineering", the lack of interaction between teachers and students, and the single teaching evaluation method, this study introduced the outcome-based education concept. According to the graduation requirements supported by the course, the experiment teaching reform ideas were adjusted from three aspects: setting curriculum objectives based on learning outcomes, reforming teaching strategies to achieve learning outcomes, and assessing learning outcomes to promote continuous improvement. The results of the reform show that students' satisfaction with the content, methods, and assessment of experiment teaching all exceeded 86.66%. The reform successfully integrated medicine and engineering, virtual and practical training, and teaching and ideological and political education. The reform also significantly improved the teaching effectiveness and talent cultivation level of experimental courses from the three dimensions of knowledge learning, ability improvement, and value shaping.

Objective:To analyze the risk factors of Mycoplasma pneumoniae（MP）lobar pneumonia with plastic bronchitis（PB）in pediatric patients，and to establish a risk nomogram prediction model.Methods:The medical informations were collected from pediatric patients diagnosed with MP lobar pneumonia who performed bronchoscopy during hospitalization in the Department of Pediatrics at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Military Medical University from April 2023 to December 2023.According to the bronchoscopic findings，the patients were divided into PB group and non-PB group.The clinical medical records and ancillary diagnostic findings were retrospectively analyzed.A multivariate Logistic regression model was used to analyze the independent risk factors for children with MP lobar pneumonia complicated with PB.A nomogram model was constructed to predict the risk of PB occurrence. Calibration curves and Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test were used to evaluate the predictive value of the nomogram model for MP lobar pneumonia with PB. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to assess the diagnostic efficacy.Results:A total of 357 pediatric patients diagnosed with MP lobar pneumonia were included，with 92 cases in PB group and 265 cases in non-PB group. No statistically significant differences in gender and age were observed between the two groups（ P>0.05）.The duration of fever and the hospitalization time in PB group were longer than those in non-PB group. The incidences of pleural effusion，consolidation area of a single lung lobe ≥2/3 and atelectasis on chest CT were higher in PB group compared to non-PB group. Additionally,the levels of neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio，C-reactive protein，procalcitonin，D-dimer（D-D），alanine aminotransferase(ALT)，aspartate aminotransferase，lactate dehydrogenase，α-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase，interferon-γ（IFN-γ），interleukin（IL）-6，IL-10 and IFN-γ/IL-4 ratio in PB group were higher than those in non-PB group（all P<0.05）.Logistic regression analysis showed elevated D-D, ALT and IFN-γ, pleural effusion and consolidation area of a single lung lobe ≥2/3 were independent risk factors for PB.The nomogram prediction model constructed by the model demonstrated good goodness-of-fit (χ 2=11.316， P=0.184) and provided significant clinical net benefits within a risk threshold range of 0.09–0.65. The area under the ROC curve for combined prediction was 0.771（95% CI 0.716-0.826），with a sensitivity of 0.707 and specificity of 0.706. Conclusion:In children with MP lobar pneumonia, elevated laboratory markers (D-D, ALT, IFN-γ) and imaging features (pleural effusion, consolidation area of a single lung lobe ≥2/3) are critical predictors for early diagnosis of PB.The nomogram prediction model can be used to predict MP lobar pneumonia with PB in early stage.

Objective To investigate the registration and epidemiological characteristics of notifiable infectious diseases in a tertiary hospital in Guangzhou during 2020-2024,providing evidence for infectious disease prevention,control,and hospital infection management.Methods A retrospective analysis of surveillance data on statutory infectious diseases reported by the hospital from 2020 to 2024 was conducted using descriptive epidemiological methods.Results From 2020 to 2024,a total of 46229 cases of notifiable infectious diseases were reported at a tertiary hospital in Panyu District,Guangzhou,with an annual in-crease in reporting rates.Disease classifications showed Category B diseases accounted for 29.64％(13 703 cases),Category C diseases for 43.04％(19 895 cases),and other legally managed diseases for 27.32％(12 631 cases).Male patients signifi-cantly outnumbered female patients(63.8％ vs.36.2％).The most frequently reported infectious diseases were influenza(11 603 cases,25.10％),hand-foot-and-mouth disease(6 188 cases,13.4％),and hepatitis B(4 110 cases,8.9％).Sta-tistically significant differences(P＜0.05)were observed in disease composition ratios across years,age groups,genders,and seasons.Seasonal distribution was notable:influenza was prevalent in winter and spring(41.99％,27.16％),hand-foot-and-mouth disease peaked in summer(26.10％),and liver fluorosis was prominent in autumn(22.40％).Conclusion Notifiable infectious diseases exhibit distinct population and seasonal distribution patterns.Prioritized prevention and control measures should focus on influenza,hand-foot-mouth disease,and hepatitis B,with an integrated prevention and control system tailored to high-risk population characteristics and seasonal epidemiological patterns.