Objective To elucidate the mechanism by which the BANCR/miR-145-5p axis regulates the AKT-GLUT1/HK2 pathway through downstream targets Reg3A/DMBT1 to facilitate the Warburg effect in gastric cancer. Methods Expression levels of BANCR, miR-145-5p, Reg3A, and DMBT1 were detected by RT-qPCR and Western blot in gastric cancer tissues and cell lines. Dual-luciferase reporter assays confirmed targeted relationships. Glycolytic capacity was assessed via glucose uptake. Immunohistochemistry analyzed molecular expression in 60 paired clinical samples. The prognostic values of key molecules in the BANCR/miR-145-5p-Reg3A/DMBT1 axis were evaluated by Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Cox proportional hazards regression model. Results BANCR was significantly upregulated, whereas miR-145-5p was downregulated in gastric cancer tissues, correlating with advanced TNM stage, lymph node metastasis, and poor differentiation. Reg3A and DMBT1 were identified as direct targets of miR-145-5p. Knockdown of BANCR or overexpression of miR-145-5p significantly suppressed Reg3A/DMBT1 expression, reduced AKT phosphorylation and GLUT1/HK2 levels, and inhibited glycolysis. Clinical analysis revealed positive correlations between Reg3A/DMBT1 expression and glycolytic markers, with both serving as independent risk factors for poor prognosis. Conclusion The BANCR/miR-145-5p axis activates the AKT pathway by targeting Reg3A/DMBT1, thereby promoting GLUT1/HK2/LDHA-mediated glycolysis and facilitating the Warburg effect in gastric cancer. This regulatory axis represents a potential therapeutic target and prognostic biomarker.

ObjectiveTo investigate the protective effect and mechanism of Wendan Ningxin granules （WNG） on susceptibility to atrial fibrillation （AF） in mice with inflammatory injury. Methods100 C57BL/6 mice were divided into a blank control group， a model group， a low-dose WNG group （2.34 g·kg^-1·d^-1）， a high-dose WNG group （4.68 g·kg^-1·d^-1）， and an amiodarone positive control group （0.091 g·kg^-1·d^-1）， with 20 mice in each group. Except for the blank control group， mice in other groups received intraperitoneal injections of lipopolysaccharide （LPS） to establish an inflammatory injury model. Treatment groups received continuous intragastric administration of their respective interventions for four weeks. During the fourth week， the treatment groups received LPS injections concurrently with their treatments. The blank control and model groups received distilled water （10 mL·kg^-1·d^-1） by gavage， with a gavage volume of 10 mL·kg^-1 for all groups， once daily. Hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining and Sirius red staining were used to observe atrial tissue morphology and fibrosis degree. Immunohistochemistry was used to assess the expression of α-smooth muscle actin （α-SMA） in mouse atrial tissue. Electrophysiological detection was performed using a multi-channel electrophysiology mapping system to measure AF inducibility， AF duration， and atrial effective refractory period （AERP）. High-resolution optical mapping was used to measure action potential duration （APD） dispersion， conduction heterogeneity index， and calcium transient （CaT） dispersion. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） was used to detect mRNA expression of proteins related to diastolic calcium leakage in mouse atria： Ca²⁺/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase Ⅱ（CaMKⅡ）， ryanodine receptor 2（RyR2）， sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca²⁺-ATPase （SERCA）， and sodium-calcium exchanger （NCX）. Western blot analysis was performed to detect the expression of CaMKII， RyR2， SERCA， and NCX proteins in myocardial tissue from each group. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） was used to measure serum levels of inflammatory factors interleukin-1β （IL-1β） and tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）. ResultsPathological staining results showed that compared with the blank control group， the model group exhibited disrupted atrial tissue structure， inflammatory cell infiltration， atrial fibrosis， and diffuse infiltration of numerous brown α-SMA positive cells in the atrial interstitium （P<0.01）. AF could be induced by electrical stimulation with a longer duration. AERP was shortened， while APD dispersion， conduction heterogeneity index， and CaT dispersion were increased （P<0.01）. The expression of proteins associated with diastolic calcium leakage， including CaMKⅡ， RyR2， and NCX1， showed elevated mRNA and protein levels， whereas SERCA2a mRNA and protein expression decreased （P<0.05）. Serum levels of inflammatory factors IL-1β and TNF-α were elevated （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， intervention with WNG alleviated cardiac structural damage， reduced inflammatory cell infiltration， improved atrial fibrosis， and reduced the diffuse infiltration of α-SMA positive cells （P<0.01）. AF inducibility and AF duration upon electrical stimulation were significantly reduced （P<0.05）， AERP was prolonged （P<0.05）， mRNA and protein expression of CaMKⅡ， RyR2， and NCX1-proteins associated with diastolic calcium leakage-were reduced， whilst mRNA and protein expression of SERCA2a increased （P<0.05）， and serum levels of IL-1β and TNF-α were decreased （P<0.01）. ConclusionBoth low‑ and high‑dose WNG can effectively reduce susceptibility to inflammation-related AF. The mechanism by which WNG reduce AF susceptibility may be related to regulating proteins involved in sarcoplasmic reticulum diastolic calcium leak， thereby improving cardiac electrical remodeling， and alleviating inflammation-induced myocardial fibrosis， thus improving cardiac structural remodeling.

ObjectiveTo investigate the therapeutic effects of modified Baoyuantang combined with Linggui Zhugantang on post-myocardial infarction heart failure in rats and its influence on NOD-like receptor pyrin domain-containing protein 3 （NLRP3）/gasdermin D （GSDMD）-mediated pyroptosis. MethodsSixty male SD rats were randomized into sham， model， low-， medium-， and high-dose （2.52， 5.04， 10.08 g·kg^-1， respectively） modified Baoyuantang combined with Linggui Zhugantang， and sacubitril/valsartan sodium （0.021 g·kg^-1） groups， with 10 rats in each group. Except the sham group， the other groups underwent left anterior descending coronary artery ligation for the modeling of myocardial infarction. The treatment groups were administrated with corresponding drugs by gavage， and the sham and model groups received an equal volume of normal saline. Administration began on the first day after successful modeling， once daily， for 4 weeks. Echocardiography was used to measure left ventricular ejection fraction （LVEF）， left ventricular fractional shortening （LVFS）， left ventricular end-diastolic and end-systolic diameters （LVIDd and LVIDs）， left ventricular posterior wall thicknesses at end-diastole and end-systole （LVPWd， LVPWs）， and left ventricular volumes at end-diastole and end-systole （LV Vold and LV Vols）. Cardiac mass index and heart weight-to-tibia length ratio were calculated. Hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining and Sirius Red staining were performed to observe myocardial morphology and collagen deposition. Immunohistochemistry was employed to detect the expression of type I collagen （Collagen Ⅰ）， NLRP3， GSDMD， and interleukin-1β （IL-1β）. Transmission electron microscopy was used to observe the mitochondrial ultrastructure. Tetramethylrhodamine methyl ester （TMRM） staining was conducted to assess mitochondrial membrane potential （MMP） in cardiomyocytes. Real-time PCR was used to quantify the mRNA levels of NLRP3， cysteinyl aspartate-specific proteinase-1 （Caspase-1）， IL-1β， GSDMD， and interleukin-18 （IL-18） in the myocardial tissue. Western blotting was employed to determine the protein levels of NLRP3， Caspase-1， GSDMD， IL-1β， IL-18， nuclear factor kappa-B （NF-κB） p50， and NF-κB p65 in the myocardial tissue. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） was adopted to measure the serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）， IL-1β， and IL-6. ResultsCompared with the sham group， the model group showed increased LVIDd， LVIDs， LV Vold， LV Vols， cardiac mass index， and heart weight-to-tibia length ratio （P<0.05）， decreased LVPWs， LVEF， LVFS， and MMP （P<0.05）， evident myocardial inflammation， fibrosis， and mitochondrial damage， upregulated expression of NLRP3， Caspase-1， GSDMD， IL-1β， IL-18， NF-κB p50， and NF-κB p65， and elevated serum levels of TNF-α， IL-1β， and IL-6 （P<0.05）. Compared with the model group， modified Baoyuantang combined with Linggui Zhugantang reduced the LVIDd， LVIDs， LV Vols， cardiac mass index， and heart weight-to-tibia length ratio （P<0.05）， increased the LVPWs， LVEF， LVFS， and MMP （P<0.05）， alleviated myocardial inflammation and fibrosis， improved the mitochondrial structure and function， downregulated the expression of NLRP3， Caspase-1， GSDMD， IL-1β， IL-18， NF-κB p50， and NF-κB p65 （P<0.05）， and reduced the serum levels of TNF-α， IL-1β， and IL-6 （P<0.05）. ConclusionModified Baoyuantang combined with Linggui Zhugantang can ameliorate post-myocardial infarction ventricular remodeling and improve the cardiac function by reducing mitochondrial damage and inhibiting NLRP3/GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of acalabrutinib， zanubrutinib， and ibrutinib as first-line treatments for patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia （CLL）. METHODS A partitioned survival model was developed to simulate the 10-year disease progression of treatment-naive CLL patients. The model used a 4-week cycle length， and an annual discount rate of 4.5% was applied to both costs and health outcomes. Relevant clinical trial literature was systematically reviewed， and survival data for each treatment strategy were extracted. Using the ibrutinib arm from the RESONATE-2 trial as the anchor arm， an anchored indirect comparison approach was performed to estimate the relative treatment effects of acalabrutinib group and zanubrutinib group versus ibrutinib group. Survival curves for progression-free survival and overall survival for each treatment strategy were generated by combining the relative efficacy estimates with the survival data from the anchor arm. Quality-adjusted life year （QALY） were used as the model outcome measure. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio and incremental net monetary benefit （INMB） were calculated to assess the economic value of the three treatment regimens. The willingness-to-pay （WTP） threshold was set at twice the 2025 per capita gross domestic product of China， corresponding to 199 330 yuan/QALY. One-way sensitivity analysis， probabilistic sensitivity analysis， and scenario analyses were conducted to evaluate the robustness of the base-case results. RESULTS In the base-case analysis， compared with ibrutinib group， both acalabrutinib group and zanubrutinib group demonstrated cost-saving and health-improving advantages. The INMBs were 149 361.37 yuan for acalabrutinib group and 194 783.94 yuan for zanubrutinib group， indicating that both strategies were dominant over ibrutinib. One-way sensitivity analysis showed that drug prices， hazard ratios between treatment strategies， and utility values were the major factors influencing the results. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis demonstrated that when the WTP threshold was below 450 000 yuan/QALY， acalabrutinib group and zanubrutinib group regimens consistently had higher probabilities of being cost-effective than ibrutinib group. Scenario analyses showed that acalabrutinib group and zanubrutinib group remained cost-effective compared with ibrutinib group under alternative assumptions， including different anchor arms， high-risk patient cohorts， and an extended 20-year time horizon. CONCLUSIONS Compared with ibrutinib， zanubrutinib and acalabrutinib can provide greater economic value as first-line treatments for CLL， with zanubrutinib demonstrating a more pronounced cost-effectiveness advantage.

Lonicerae Japonicae Flos refers to the dried flower buds or flowers about to open of Lonicera japonica （Caprifoliaceae）. Its dried flower buds or early blooming flowers are listed in the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China （2020 edition） as official medicinal materials. As a Chinese medicine with "heat-clearing and detoxifying" properties and a classic medicinal-edible resource， it is mainly produced in northern authentic producing regions such as Shandong， Henan， and Hebei in China. Lonicerae Japonicae Flos contains abundant bioactive substances that are considered safe and effective， with functions including relieving sore throat， antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects， and immune regulation. In recent years， with the modernization of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） and the rapid development of the "big health" industry， Lonicerae Japonicae Flos has become a research hotspot in the fields of natural medicines and functional foods due to its multi-target pharmacological activities and broad application potential. To date， chemical constituents identified from Lonicerae Japonicae Flos include organic acids， flavonoids， iridoids， triterpenes， triterpenoid saponins， and volatile oils. Modern pharmacological studies have shown that Lonicerae Japonicae Flos possesses anti-inflammatory， antibacterial， antioxidant， antiviral， antidiabetic， cardiovascular and neuroprotective， and immunomodulatory activities. In terms of modern applications， Lonicerae Japonicae Flos has developed into a full industrial chain covering pharmaceuticals， health products， daily chemical products， and food additives， demonstrating high medicinal and health value. Strengthening the development of Lonicerae Japonicae Flos-based health products is of great significance. Based on relevant domestic and international literature， this paper systematically reviews the innovative applications of Lonicerae Japonicae Flos in traditional medicine， modern clinical formulations， health foods， and daily chemical products from the perspectives of chemical composition， pharmacological effects， and modern applications， aiming to further deepen basic research on Lonicerae Japonicae Flos. Meanwhile， this paper analyzes and proposes suggestions for promoting applied research on Lonicerae Japonicae Flos， in order to provide a scientific basis for its sound development and to offer references for the rational development and comprehensive utilization of medicinal and edible resources.

The quality and preservation time of donor lungs directly affect the utilization rate of lung transplant donors and the outcomes of recipients. The traditional static cold storage is still the most commonly used method for preserving donor lungs in clinical practice, but its safe preservation time is limited, and as the cold ischemia time prolongs, the risk of ischemia-reperfusion injury increases. In recent years, new strategies such as 10 ℃ controlled hypothermic storage, ex vivo lung perfusion and supercooling preservation have gradually been applied to extend the preservation time of donor lungs, optimize the transportation process, and improve the utilization of marginal donor lungs. This article reviews the biological mechanisms, clinical evidence, health economic characteristics and application scenarios of the above preservation strategies, and discusses the stratified decision-making approach for donor lung preservation based on donor quality and logistics conditions, with the aim of providing a reference for clinical selection of appropriate preservation strategies.

Psychological factors have become significant contributors to the onset and progression of insomnia. This article explored the treatment of insomnia from the perspective of “liver governs wei qi （defensive qi）”. The concept of “liver governs wei qi （defensive qi）” is summarized in three aspects， firstly， the liver assists the spleen and stomach in transformation and transportation， governing the generation of wei qi； secondly， the liver aids lung qi diffusion and dispersion， governing the distribution of wei qi； thirdly， the liver regulates circadian rhythms， governing the circulation of wei qi. It is proposed that the clinical treatment of insomnia should focus on the following methods： for regulating the liver to harmonize the five viscera， and facilitate the circulation of wei qi， medicinals entering the liver channel include Chaihu （Bupleuri radix）， Baishao （Paeoniae Radix Alba）， Zhizi （Gardeniae Fructus）， and Suanzaoren （Ziziphi Spinosae Semen） could be commonly used； for nourishing the liver， the treatment should align with the day-night rhythm， and herbs such as Baihe （Lilium）， Hehuan （Albizia julibrissin）， and Yejiaoteng （Polygoni multiflori caulis） are commonly used； for soothing the liver and address both mental and physical health to calm wei qi， treatment should advocate verbal counseling， psychological regulation， and health education. Ultimately， this treatment approach can free liver qi to flow， soothe qi movement， restore the motion of wei qi， regulate during day and night， balance yin and yang， and resolve insomnia effectively.

BACKGROUND:During tissue repair and regeneration,macrophages exhibit multiple activities such as promoting inflammation,anti-inflammation,fibrosis,and wound healing at various stages of tissue damage.The heterogeneity and balanced polarization of macrophages are decisive in organ repair. OBJECTIVE:To explore the research hotspots and development trends in the field of macrophage polarization in tissue repair through visualization analysis methods,as well as the research level of global scientific and clinical workers in this field. METHODS:Using bibliometric analysis methods,this study employed Citespace literature visualization analysis software and VOSviewer tools,retrieving related literature from 2013 to 2023 in the Web of Science Core Collection's Science Citation Index Expanded(SCI-Expanded)and Social Sciences Citation Index Expanded(SSCI-Expanded)databases.The analysis results were presented in a dynamic map format,revealing the main trends and focuses of the research. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The number of publications in this field had dramatically increased from 2013 to 2023,with a significant rise starting in 2017.Chinese researchers had the highest number of publications,with 642 papers,while American researchers began focusing on this field early on.Professor Elisseeff Hennifer H had made a substantial contribution to the research in this area.Shanghai Jiao Tong University had produced the most publications.In recent years,keywords such as"hyaluronic acid"and"regulation"had been prevalent.Macrophage polarization research in tissue repair primarily concentrates on its multifunctional regulatory mechanisms,interactions with other cell types,and its behavior under specific pathological conditions.The main research areas include the role of macrophages in wound healing,cardiovascular diseases,chronic inflammation,tumor microenvironments,and regenerative medicine.A deeper understanding of the multifunctionality and polarization mechanisms of macrophages can lead to the development of new therapeutic strategies to enhance tissue repair and regeneration,thereby improving patient treatment outcomes.

Edema， as a common pathological phenomenon， is essentially the abnormal accumulation of body fluids in the interstitial spaces of human tissues and is often a direct manifestation of various underlying diseases， such as heart failure， impaired renal filtration function， or liver metabolic disorders. In the Western medical system， strategies for treating edema primarily focus on the use of diuretics to promote the excretion of excess fluid in the body， while simultaneously addressing the underlying causes through targeted treatment. However， long-term reliance on the use of diuretics may lead to a decrease in drug sensitivity and induce side effects， including electrolyte disorders such as hypokalemia and hypercalcemia， posing a potential threat to patients' overall health. Compared with Western medicine， traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） has demonstrated well-recognized and sustained efficacy in treating edema with its unique theoretical system. Zhulingtang， as a classic and commonly used TCM formula， is widely applied as it can effectively relieve edema and related symptoms. In recent years， ongoing in-depth studies on the treatment of edema with Zhulingtang have revealed multiple mechanisms of action of Zhulingtang， including the regulation of water metabolism and the reduction of inflammatory responses， thereby providing a solid theoretical basis for clinical practice. This review summarized the research progress on the treatment of edema with Zhulingtang in recent years and analyzed the active ingredients and action pathways of Zhulingtang. Additionally， the primary mechanisms of action and efficacy were systematically analyzed， so as to provide references for the clinical application of Zhulingtang in treating various types of edema， such as cardiogenic edema， renal edema， and hepatogenic edema. This review aims to offer theoretical support and practical guidance for clinicians in deciding treatment approaches， as well as references for subsequent in-depth studies， thereby promoting further development of TCM in the treatment of edema.

Edema， as a common pathological phenomenon， is essentially the abnormal accumulation of body fluids in the interstitial spaces of human tissues and is often a direct manifestation of various underlying diseases， such as heart failure， impaired renal filtration function， or liver metabolic disorders. In the Western medical system， strategies for treating edema primarily focus on the use of diuretics to promote the excretion of excess fluid in the body， while simultaneously addressing the underlying causes through targeted treatment. However， long-term reliance on the use of diuretics may lead to a decrease in drug sensitivity and induce side effects， including electrolyte disorders such as hypokalemia and hypercalcemia， posing a potential threat to patients' overall health. Compared with Western medicine， traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） has demonstrated well-recognized and sustained efficacy in treating edema with its unique theoretical system. Zhulingtang， as a classic and commonly used TCM formula， is widely applied as it can effectively relieve edema and related symptoms. In recent years， ongoing in-depth studies on the treatment of edema with Zhulingtang have revealed multiple mechanisms of action of Zhulingtang， including the regulation of water metabolism and the reduction of inflammatory responses， thereby providing a solid theoretical basis for clinical practice. This review summarized the research progress on the treatment of edema with Zhulingtang in recent years and analyzed the active ingredients and action pathways of Zhulingtang. Additionally， the primary mechanisms of action and efficacy were systematically analyzed， so as to provide references for the clinical application of Zhulingtang in treating various types of edema， such as cardiogenic edema， renal edema， and hepatogenic edema. This review aims to offer theoretical support and practical guidance for clinicians in deciding treatment approaches， as well as references for subsequent in-depth studies， thereby promoting further development of TCM in the treatment of edema.