Objective: To observe the intervention effect of spinal health exercises on primary school students with spinal dysplasia in Chengdu, and to provide a reference for improving abnormal spinal curvature. Methods: From September 2020 to June 2021, 331 middle and senior primary school students from four primary schools in Wuhou District, Chengdu were selected, and 94 with abnormal spinal curvature were screened. They were randomly divided into control group ( n =47) and observation group( n =47). The control group received 12 weeks of routine sports activities, and the observation group were administered with 12 weeks of online and offline spinal health exercises on the basis of the control group. Spinescan hand held electronic spine measuring instrument was used to test the spinal mobility (including lateral flexion angle, forward flexion and extension angle and rotation angle of cervical spine and thoracic spine), spinal tilt angle, spinal kyphosis angle and body balance of the two groups before and after implementation (shoulder horizontal line and posterior sacroiliac spine horizontal line); and the vital capacity of the two groups before and after intervention was measured by hand held spirometer. Results: After 12 weeks of implementation, the observation group and the control group including cervical lateral flexion angle (78.36±3.72, 72.39±3.17)°, cervical flexion and extension angle (112.37±5.17, 107.41±4.40)°, cervical rotation angle (119.37±4.22, 112.49±5.78)°, lumbar lateral flexion angle (49.37±4.12, 41.85±3.37)°, lumbar flexion and extension angle (106.47±4.90, 98.09±3.84)°, lumbar rotation angle(54.37±5.12, 50.30± 4.17 )° the differences were statistically significant( t =5.24, 2.82, 4.02, 4.96, 4.36, 5.75, P <0.05); Compared with the control group, the inclination angle of spine ( 4.14± 0.36, 6.02±0.48)°, kyphosis angle (30.17±1.82, 37.48±2.14)°, shoulder horizontal line (0.96±0.18,2.30±0.37)° and posterior sacroiliac spine horizontal line (0.77±0.15, 1.40±0.21)° in the observation group were smaller than those in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant ( t =-5.95, -6.74, -7.52, -6.58, P < 0.01 ); Compared with the control group in vital capacity (2 119.55±115.40, 2 042.47±104.35)mL, the observation group was greater than the control group, and the difference was statistically significant( t =4.81, P <0.01). Conclusion Spinal health exercises can improve the range of motion of spinal joints, the abnormal angle of spinal tilt and kyphosis, as well as the body balance and vital capacity of primary school students with spinal dysplasia.