[摘 要] 目的：探究骨髓间充质干细胞（BMSC）衍生的外泌体lncRNA PTENP1在膀胱癌进展中的功能机制。方法：采用透射电子显微镜、纳米颗粒追踪分析及WB法检测外泌体标志蛋白的方式鉴定BMSC来源的外泌体（BMSC-Exo）。通过共聚焦显微镜检测 BMSC-Exo被膀胱癌5637细胞内化的过程。按转染物不同，将膀胱癌5637和T24细胞随机分为以下组别：对照组、BMSC-Exo组、BMSC OE-NC-Exo组、BMSC OE-PTENP1-Exo组、BMSC sh-NC-Exo组和BMSC sh-PTENP1-Exo组。采用CCK-8、集落形成实验评估细胞增殖水平，流式细胞术评估细胞凋亡水平，划痕愈合和Transwell实验评估细胞迁移和侵袭能力。通过RNA下拉（Pull down）、RNA免疫沉淀（RIP）技术验证miR-17和PTENP1、A类清道夫受体5型（SCARA5）mRNA之间的靶向结合关系。结果：qRT-PCR显示过表达PTENP1的BMSC外泌体（BMSC OE-PTENP1-Exo）显著提升膀胱癌细胞中PTENP1水平（P < 0.01）。BMSC OE-PTENP1-Exo抑制细胞增殖（P < 0.01）、迁移（P < 0.01）和侵袭（P < 0.01），促进细胞凋亡（P < 0.01）。此外，体内实验显示BMSC OE-PTENP1-Exo显著抑制裸鼠移植瘤生长（P < 0.01）。结论：BMS-Exo可通过递送PTENP1作为miR-17的“分子海绵”，解除miR-17对SCARA5的抑制作用，进而上调SCARA5的表达，抑制膀胱癌细胞的恶性生物学行为。

[摘 要] 目的：探讨构建靶向CD7抗原的嵌合共刺激受体（CCR）并制备该受体修饰的健康供者来源γδ T细胞，以评估其对急性T淋巴细胞白血病（T-ALL）的体内与体外杀伤作用。方法：构建携带CD7-DAP10-CCR的慢病毒载体，并转导健康人外周血γδ T细胞，制备靶向CD7抗原的CCR γδ T细胞（CD7-DAP10-CCR-γδ T），所获细胞借助表达CD64、CD86和CD137L的人工抗原提呈细胞（aAPC）进行体外扩增。采用Annexin Ⅴ/7-AAD方法检测CD7-DAP10-CCR-γδ T对T-ALL细胞（Jurkat）、CD7缺陷型Jurkat细胞（CD7⁻ Jurkat）及异体健康人原代αβ T细胞的体外杀伤作用，共设置了3组效靶比（E∶T = 1∶1、1∶3和1∶10），孵育时间为18~24 h。其中，Jurkat细胞作为CD7阳性靶细胞，CD7⁻ Jurkat作为CD7阴性靶细胞以验证杀伤特异性，而异体健康人原代αβ T细胞则作为CD7阳性正常细胞对照，用于评估CD7-DAP10-CCR-γδ T细胞的脱靶效应。此外，在T-ALL荷瘤免疫缺陷小鼠体内验证药效，通过定期对荷瘤免疫缺陷小鼠进行活体成像、体质量检测及生存期观察，评估CD7-DAP10-CCR-γδ T细胞在荷瘤免疫缺陷小鼠体内的药效。结果：成功利用aAPC体外制备出CD7-DAP10-CCR-γδ T细胞，其平均扩增倍数超过10 000倍。体外杀伤实验表明，该细胞对T-ALL细胞具有较高的杀伤能力（P < 0.01），对Jurkat 细胞具有较高的毒性（P < 0.01），对CD7⁻ Jurkat细胞杀伤作用有限，而对高表达CD7的正常原代αβ T细胞基本无杀伤作用；荷瘤免疫缺陷小鼠体内药效试验结果显示，相对于对照PBS组，经CD7-DAP10-CCR-γδ T细胞治疗后，荷瘤免疫缺陷小鼠的生存期显著延长（P < 0.01）。结论：体外借助aAPC能成功制备CD7-DAP10-CCR-γδ T细胞，并且CD7-DAP10-CCR-γδ T细胞在体外、小鼠体内均对T-ALL细胞具有较强的杀伤作用，表明CD7-DAP10-CCR-γδ T细胞具备对T-ALL的治疗潜力。

BACKGROUND: Postoperative abdominal adhesion is one of the most urgent surgical problems. In view of the complicated pathological mechanisms and various risk factors of postoperative adhesion, surgical techniques and barrier materials have increasingly become the focus of postoperative prevention of adhesion. OBJECTIVE: To summarize the pathological mechanisms and risk factors of postoperative abdominal adhesions and to review the material source, biological characteristics, current research status, and potential deficiencies of different types of barrier materials. METHODS: We retrieved PubMed, CNKI, WanFang and VIP databases from their inception dates to January 2018, and "postoperative abdominal adhesion, etiology and pathogenesis, risk factors, preventive measures, barrier materials" were used as the keywords in English and Chinese, respectively. Fifty-four articles were included in final analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Anti-adhesion materials can isolate the injured area and peripheral tissues through physical barriers in the early stage of adhesion formation, and thus prevent the formation of abdominal adhesion. There are three types of anti-adhesion barrier material at present, including solution, gel and membrane agents. Each kind of material has its own advantages and disadvantages. Therefore we explore the pathological process of postoperative abdominal adhesions, predict the risk factors of postoperative adhesions, improve surgical skills and select appropriate anti-adhesion barrier materials according to actual conditions, which are expected to reduce the formation of postoperative abdominal adhesions.