Objective: To explore the association between socio ecological risk factors and personal growth initiative among left behind children, as well as the mediating role of psychological empowerment, thereby providing theoretical and practical references for promoting active growth in left behind children. Methods: From September to October 2025, a cluster random sampling method was used to select 1 038 left behind children from 8 junior high schools in Yunnan Province. The survey was conducted using the Short Questionnaire of Socio-Ecological Risk Factors Assessment for Adolescents, the Psychological Empowerment Scale for Left Behind Children, and the Personal Growth Initiative Scale. Pearson correlation analysis was employed to examine the correlations among variables; a simple mediation model was used to test the mediating effect of psychological empowerment between socio ecological risk factors and personal growth initiative; and structural equation modeling (SEM) was applied to compare the differential effects across different socio ecological risk dimensions. Results: All seven risk dimensions (individual, family, school, community, policy, cultural and temporal risks) were significantly negatively correlated with psychological empowerment ( r = -0.43 to -0.48 ) and personal growth initiative ( r =-0.51 to -0.54) (all P <0.01). Socio ecological risk factors were negatively associated with personal growth initiative ( β =-0.373). Psychological empowerment partially mediated the association between socio ecological risk factors and personal growth initiative ( β=-0.183, 95%CI =-0.211 to -0.155), with the mediating effect accounted for 49.06%. Among the seven risk dimensions, school risk ( β =-0.133) and family risk ( β =-0.117) exerted the strongest effects, followed by cultural risk ( β =-0.072) (all P <0.05), with their relative explanatory rates being 35.75%, 31.45% and 19.35% respectively. The effects of individual, community, policy and temporal risks were not statistically significant (all P > 0.05 ). Conclusions Socio ecological risk factors were negatively associated with personal growth initiative among left behind children, and psychological empowerment played a partial mediating role in the relationship. Family, school and culture were core risk dimensions requiring focused attention.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the role of different immunoglobulin- like receptor (KIR)haplotypes in haplo- identical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT).

METHODKiller cell KIR genotyping was performed on 468 individuals from 156 unrelated families by PCR-SSP. A total of 624 KIR haplotypes from the parents were used for haplotype analysis. Ninety-two patients received haplo-identical HSCT from one of the parents.

RESULTSThe family study showed segregation of one A haplotype and at least 20 unique B haplotypes. The frequency of haplotype A was 72.92% (455/624). The most commonly observed haplotypes in group B were B1, B2, and B3, present at a frequency of 10.26%, 5.77%, and 4.48%, respectively. Compared to KIR gene matched donors (n=17), grafts from KIR gene mismatched donors (n= 14) had a positive effect on survival after haplo- identical HSCT for AML/MDS patients (OS: 88.2%vs 42.9%,P=0.015; RFS: 88.2%vs 35.7%,P=0.007). No effect was observed for ALL/NHL patients (OS: 76.0%vs 75.0%,P=0.727; RFS: 68.0%vs 65.0%,P=0.866). A significantly lower survival rate was observed for transplants from AA (n=52) and AB1/AB2 donors (n=15), compared to other group Bx donors (n=25) (OS: 53.3%vs 96.0%,P=0.017; RFS: 53.3%vs 92.0%,P=0.019). Meanwhile, the risk of relapse was much higher in AA group (n=52) compared to Bx group (n=40) (25.0%vs 5.0%,P=0.009). A higher risk of TRM was observed in AB1/AB2 group (P=0.012). In addition, transplant from donors carried Cen-B was associated with an increased survival compared with Cen-A homozygous donors (OS: 94.7%vs 68.5%,P=0.036; RFS: 89.5%vs 64.4%,P=0.045).

CONCLUSIONOverall, KIR genotyping and haplotype analyses should be useful for selection of the most optimal donors with favorable KIR gene grafts. KIR gene mismatch donors should be preferred for AML/MDS patients. Selecting donors carried Cen- B and avoiding the selection of donors of KIR genotype AA/AB1/AB2 was strongly advisable for haplo-identical HSCT.

Chronic Disease ; Genotype ; Haplotypes ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; Humans ; Killer Cells, Natural ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute ; therapy ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; Receptors, KIR ; genetics ; Survival Rate ; Tissue Donors