AIM:To investigate the current status and influencing factors of knowledge-attitude-practice in myopia prevention and control among children and adolescents in Ningbo City, thereby providing a scientific basis for formulating targeted prevention strategies.METHODS: Children and adolescents aged 6-12 years old were selected from the medical-school collaborative myopia prevention network in Ningbo City between August 2024 and May 2025 using stratified cluster sampling. Information on myopia prevention knowledge(15 items)and practice(9 items)was collected through questionnaire surveys. Logistic regression models were used to analyze factors influencing myopia occurrence in children and adolescents.RESULTS: A total of 664 children and adolescents aged 6-12 years were enrolled in this study. Participants were divided by age into three groups: 6-7 years old(n=221), 8-9 years old(n=221), and 10-12 years old(n=222). Of the 664 questionnaires distributed, 637 valid questionnaires were returned(201 from the 6-7 age group, 235 from the 8-9 age group, and 201 from the 10-12 age group), yielding an effective response rate of 95.9%. Based on myopia screening results, the non-myopic group comprised 203 participants(31.9%), including 100 males and 103 females, with a mean age of 8.82±1.98 years old. The myopic group comprised 434 participants(68.1%), including 213 males and 221 females, with a mean age of 9.10±1.95 years old. The myopia prevalence rates in the 6-7, 8-9, and 10-12 age groups were 37.8%(76/201), 71.9%(169/235), and 94.0%(189/201), respectively(P<0.001). Regarding the knowledge and practice of myopia prevention, the overall awareness rate in the non-myopic group(59.7%±9.7%)was significantly higher than that in the myopic group(48.7%±8.5%; P<0.001). Additionally, the non-myopic group scored higher on the key practice of “regular eye examinations”(4.27±0.96)compared to the myopic group(4.10±1.05; P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis indicated that age was the primary risk factor for myopia occurrence.CONCLUSION: Age is the dominant factor in the onset of myopia, and there is a phenomenon of “knowledge-practice gap”; the traditional health education model has limitations, and a precise prevention and control system based on developmental patterns should be established.

Objective: To develop a RHCE genotyping assay based on kompetitive allele-specific PCR (KASP) and assess its clinical accuracy for RhCE blood group determination. Methods: KASP primers were designed to interrogate three RHCE loci: the 109 bp insertion/deletion in intron 2, c. 307T>C, and c. 676C>G. A total of 1 194 RhD-positive inpatients from Chengdu were typed by both KASP genotyping and manual tube serology. Discordant samples (n=10) were retested by both methods and further resolved by Sanger sequencing. An additional 377 cases were tested for the c. 48C>G locus to evaluate the predictive accuracy of individual loci and combined locus testing for RhC antigen. Results: Genotyping concordance with serology was 100.0% for both the c. 676C>G locus (RhE/Rhe) and the c. 307T>C locus (Rhc). For RhC prediction using the 109 bp insertion, overall accuracy was 99.7% (1 191/1 194); the 3 discordant cases were confirmed by Sanger sequencing to be false negatives attributable to 109 bp deletion in intron 2. Testing the c. 48C>G allele for RhC prediction yielded 7 false positives, with an accuracy of 98.1% (370/377). RhC antigen status was determined by combining the 109 bp insertion and the c. 48C allele. After excluding 10 samples with inconsistent results between the two loci, the accuracy reached 100% in the remaining 367 samples. When both loci were applied in combination, accuracy reached 100% in the 367 cases with concordant results. Among the 1 194 patients, CCee (45.8%) and CcEe (31.7%) were the most common RhCE phenotypes. The e antigen had the highest positivity rate (92.2%), and the Ce haplotype was the most frequent (66.9%). Conclusion: The KASP-based RHCE genotyping method achieves high accuracy for clinical RhCE typing. Combining the 109 bp insertion/deletion with the c. 48C allele significantly improves RhC antigen prediction compared with either locus alone. This method was applied to RhCE genotyping of 1 194 RhD-positive inpatients in Chengdu, providing local RhCE phenotype and haplotype distribution data to support RhCE-matched transfusion practice.

To compare the performance differences between the multidisciplinary team (MDT) model and the conventional diagnostic and treatment model for lung cancer, and to explore a high-quality development pathway for optimizing lung cancer diagnostic and treatment resources.

Lung cancer ranks first in morbidity and mortality among malignant tumors in China. Low-dose computed tomography (LDCT), as the primary screening method, faces increasingly prominent challenges of false positives and overdiagnosis associated with its high sensitivity. In recent years, the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and three-dimensional reconstruction technology has provided a novel approach to addressing these challenges. This review highlights how AI and three-dimensional reconstruction contribute to improving image quality, enabling precise identification of pulmonary nodules and intelligent risk stratification, optimizing dynamic follow-up strategies, and assisting in preoperative planning, thereby driving the transformation of the LDCT screening paradigm. Meanwhile, current technical limitations and future directions are also discussed.

Purpose: Dual anti–human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) drugs have become the standard regimen for neoadjuvant systemic treatment (NST) to HER2-positive breast cancer patients. However, the efficacy varies greatly among patients with different HER2 protein expression levels. Materials and Methods: A total of 575 HER2-positive breast cancer patients from multiple centers throughout China from 2013 to 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. We compared clinicopathological features in different HER2 immunohistochemistry classes (HER2 2+/in situ hybridization [ISH] + or HER2 3+), and their difference in response to NST and survival with single or dual anti-HER2 drugs. Drug sensitivity assays were used to evaluate different efficacy of anti-HER2 drugs in vitro. Results: Compared to HER2 3+ subgroup, the HER2 2+/ISH+ group had a higher proportion of hormone receptor–positive status (48.7% vs. 76.1%, p < 0.001), more HER2 protein loss after NST, lower pathological complete response (pCR) rate (46.07% vs. 16.24%, p < 0.001), and tended to have worse disease-free survival (DFS). In HER2 2+/ISH+ patients, treated with pertuzumab and trastuzumab in combination had no significant improvement in pCR (19.12% vs. 12.24%, p=0.287) and DFS (p=0.908) than using alone. Drug sensitivity assay showed poor efficacy with dual anti-HER2 drugs in HER2 2+/ISH+ cell lines; however, fam-trastuzumab deruxtecan drugs had a satisfactory effect. Conclusion Owing to the differences in clinicopathological features and treatment efficacy, we considered the HER2 2+/ISH+ group to be a distinct subtype and defined it as the HER2-moderate–positive subgroup. In this subgroup, dual anti-HER2 drugs did not exert significant improvement in pCR and DFS. Therefore, treatment optimization is warranted, with antibody-drug conjugate drugs as potential options.

Objective To explore the levels and clinical significance of serum myeloid-related protein 8/14(MRP8/14)and galectin(Gal)-13 in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary dis-ease(AECOPD).Methods A total of 103 AECOPD patients who were admitted to the hospital from Febru-ary 2021 to February 2024 were collected as AECOPD group,and were divided into mild group(n=37),mod-erate group(n=45),severe group(n=21)according to the degree of disease,and the patients also were di-vided into good prognosis group(n=66)and poor prognosis group(n=37)according to prognosis of 28 d of admission to the hospital.During the same period,a total of 70 patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmo-nary disease(SCOPD)were selected as SCOPD group,and 70 healthy individuals who underwent the physical examination were selected as control group.Serum MRP8/14 and Gal-13 levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,and lung function was examined by lung function detection instrument.Pearson product moment correlation or Spearman rank correlation was used to analyze correlation between serum MRP8/14,Gal-13 and degree of disease,lung function indexes in the AECOPD patients.Multivariate Logistic regression was used to analyze the factors influencing poor prognosis in the AECOPD patients.Receiver oper-ating characteristic curve was used to assess predictive value of serum MRP8/14 and Gal-13 for poor prognosis in the AECOPD patients.Results Compared with the control group,serum MRP8/14 and Gal-13 levels were increased in the AECOPD group and the SCOPD group(P＜0.05),and serum MRP8/14 and Gal-13 levels in the AECOPD group were higher than those in the SCOPD group(P＜0.05).Compared with the control group,first second forced expiratory volume(FEV1),percentage of FEV1 to expected value(FEV1％),forced vital capacity(FVC),percentage of FVC to expected value(FVC％)and FEV1/FVC were decreased in the AECOPD group and the SCOPD group(P＜0.05),and FEV1,FEV1％,FVC,FVC％,and FEV1/FVC in the AECOPD group were lower than those in the SCOPD group(P＜0.05).Serum MRP8/14 and Gal-13 levels in the AECOPD patients were positively correlated with degree of disease(P＜0.05),and negatively correlated with FEV1,FEV1％,FVC,FVC％,FEV1/FVC(P＜0.05).Age,MRP8/14 and Gal-13 were risk factors for poor prognosis in the AECOPD patients(OR=1.390,1.586,1.471,P＜0.05),and FEV1/FVC was a protec-tive factor for poor prognosis in the AECOPD patients(OR=0.752,P＜0.05).The area under the curve of serum MRP8/14,Gal-13 and the combination of the two for predicting poor prognosis in AECOPD patients were 0.850,0.846 and 0.931,respectively.The predictive value of the combination of the two was greater than that of single indicator,respectively(Z=1.866,1.881,P＜0.05).Conclusion The expression of serum MRP8/14 and Gal-13 are up-regulated in AECOPD patients,which are closely correlate with degree of disease and lung func-tion.Early combined detection of two indicators could predict the prognosis in AECOPD patients.

Objective To investigate the serum levels of CC chemokine ligand 23(CCL23)and sulfony-lurea receptor 1(SUR1)in patients with acute cerebral hemorrhage(ACH)and their predictive value for prognosis.Methods A total of 97 patients with ACH admitted to the hospital from May 2020 to May 2023 were collected as the case group.According to the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale(NIHSS)score,the patients were divided into mild group(n=26),moderate group(n=41)and severe group(n=30).Ac-cording to the prognosis at 6 months after treatment,the patients were divided into a good prognosis group(n=71)and a poor prognosis group(n=26).During the same period,70 healthy physical examination people were randomly selected as the control group.The serum levels of CCL23 and SUR1 were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Spearman rank correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between serum CCL23,SUR1 levels and disease severity.Multivariate Logistic regression was used to analyze the rela-tionship between serum CCL23 and SUR1 levels and poor prognosis of ACH patients.The receiver operating characteristic curve was used to evaluate the predictive value of serum CCL23 and SUR1 for poor prognosis of ACH patients.Results Compared with the control group,the serum levels of CCL23 and SUR1 were in-creased in the case group(P＜0.05).Compared with the mild group,the moderate group and severe group had significant increases in the serum levels of CCL23 and SUR1(P＜0.05),and the severe group had a more significant increase than the moderate group(P＜0.05).Serum CCL23 and SUR1 levels were positively corre-lated with the severity of the disease(rs=0.672,0.634,P＜0.05).Compared with mild patients,the risk of poor prognosis increased in moderate and severe patients,with OR of 1.432(95％CI:1.125-1.822)and 1.863(1.322-2.625),respectively.Elevated serum CCL23 and SUR1 levels were risk factors for poor prog-nosis in ACH patients,OR were 1.513(95％CJ:1.206-1.901)and 1.439(95％CI:1.096-1.890)respec-tively.The area under the curve of serum CCL23,SUR1 and their combination in predicting poor prognosis of ACH patients were 0.839,0.823 and 0.911,respectively.The combined predictive value of the two indicators was higher than that of single index(Z=1.664,1.958,P=0.012,0.008).Conclusion The serum levels of CCL23 and SUR1 are up-regulated in ACH patients,which are related to the severity and prognosis of ACH.Early combined detection of CCL23 and SUR1 can assist clinical judgment and predict the risk of poor prognosis.

Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC),as the most common type of liver cancer,poses a significant threat to global public health due to its high incidence and mortality rates.This paper delves into the etiology,pathogenesis,and syndrome differentiation of liver cancer from the perspective of"dispersing qi and fortifying the body resistance",based on the clinical experience of renowned traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)practitioner,Prof.Changquan Ling.Prof.Ling believes that the development of liver cancer is closely related to the disruption of liver qi flow,the accumulation of blood stasis over time,and the generation of toxin from long-term stagnation,accompanied by pathological changes such as imbalance of yin and yang,deficiency of the body's vital qi and accumulation of pathogenic factors,and internal blazing of cancer toxins.In terms of treatment,he emphasizes the principles of dispersing qi and fortifying the body resistance,addressing both the root cause and symptoms.This is achieved by regulating the functions of viscera,improving the stagnation of qi flow,and supplemented by methods such as clearing heat and detoxifying,and softening and dispersing hard masses,aiming to break the vicious cycle of qi stagnation,deficiency of vital qi,and pathogenic factor generation,thereby promoting the recovery from the disease.Through detailed analysis of clinical cases,this paper demonstrates Prof.Ling's unique insights and significant efficacy in treating liver cancer through"dispersing qi"to"fortify the body resistance",ultimately achieving"tumor suppression".This provides new references and perspectives for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of liver cancer in TCM.

Objective To explore the brain damage of SD rats under different time points of hypobaric hypoxia exposure.Methods A rat high-altitube cerebral edema(HACE)model was constructed by simulating an altitude of 6 000 m in a hypobaric hypoxia animal experimental chamber.Thirty-six SD male rats were randomly divided into the control group and the hypobaric hypoxia exposure 3,7 and 14 d groups,with 9 rats in each group.Except for the control group,the rats in each group were continuously exposed to hypobaric hypoxia for 3,7,and 14 d.At the end of the modeling period,serum was collected by blood sampling via the abdominal aorta,and brain tissue samples were taken.The wet-to-dry ratio(W/D)of brain tissue was calculated,and the levels of relevant oxidative enzymes in serum and brain tissue were measured.The expression levels of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α(HIF-1α)and aquaporin 4(AQP4)mRNAs in brain tissue were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction.Results The W/D of brain tissues in the control group and the group exposed to hypobaric hypoxia for 3,7 and 14 d were 4.46±0.12,4.98±0.16,5.07±0.18 and 4.95±0.07;the superoxide dismutase contents were(111.86±2.45),(90.73±1.48),(79.64±2.56)and(55.33±1.45)U·g-1;the glutathione contents were(126.91±5.18),(125.26±1.53),(56.20±2.17)and(122.73±1.78)μg·mL-1;the malondialdehyde contents were(230.94±2.00),(362.65±3.28),(407.34±3.47)and(237.50±1.59)nmol·g-1;the relative expression levels of HIF-1 α mRNA were 1.00±0,2.99±0.49,4.72±0.49 and 1.91±0.28;the relative expression levels of AQP4 mRNA were 1.00±0,2.62±0.34,8.38±0.84 and 5.27±0.42,respectively.Statistically significant differences were found between the above indexes in the 3,7 and 14 d of hypobaric hypoxia exposure group compared with the control group(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).Conclusion Different time of hypobaric hypoxia exposure can up-regulate the expression of AQPs proteins in HACE rats and cause the disruption of the blood-brain barrier,and the HACE model constructed in the hypobaric hypoxia chamber with 6 000 m intervention for 7 d was more stable.

Temporal interference (TI) is a form of stimulation that epitomizes an innovative and non-invasive approach for profound neuromodulation of the brain, a technique that has been validated in mice. Yet, the thin cranial bone structure of mice has a marginal influence on the effect of the TI technique and may not effectively showcase its effectiveness in larger animals. Based on this, we carried out TI stimulation experiments on rats. Following the TI intervention, analysis of electrophysiological data and immunofluorescence staining indicated the generation of a stimulation focus within the nucleus accumbens (depth, 8.5 mm) in rats. Our findings affirm the viability of the TI methodology in the presence of thick cranial bones, furnishing efficacious parameters for profound stimulation with TI administered under such conditions. This experiment not only sheds light on the intervention effects of TI deep in the brain but also furnishes robust evidence in support of its prospective clinical utility.
Animals ; Deep Brain Stimulation/methods* ; Nucleus Accumbens/physiology* ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Time Factors