Wilson disease （WD） is an autosomal recessive disorder of copper metabolism， and decoppering therapy and symptomatic treatment are the main Western medicine therapies for WD. This article systematically reviews the understanding of the etiology and pathogenesis of WD in traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） and points out that abnormal natural endowment is the core etiology and pathogenesis of WD， with internal accumulation of copper toxicity as the manifestation， liver/spleen/kidney dysfunction as the root cause， and intermingled “toxin， stasis， phlegm， and deficiency” as the key pathogenesis. Literature research and clinical observation are conducted to summarize the common TCM syndromes of WD， including stagnation of liver Qi， internal retention of damp-heat， phlegm-stasis-heat accumulation syndrome， liver-kidney Yin deficiency syndrome， spleen-kidney Yang deficiency， and syndrome of deficiency damage and phlegm stasis. This article proposes the corresponding therapies and representative prescriptions for each syndrome and discusses the advantages of treatment by stage and integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine therapy. This article aims to provide a systematic reference for the syndrome differentiation-based treatment of WD in clinical practice of TCM， thereby giving full play to the advantages of TCM in the treatment of this disease.

This paper summarizes professor WANG Qingguo's experience in treatment of headache based on the "achieving harmony by unblocking and balancing" concept. It is considered that although the pathogenesis of headache is generally attributed to "pain arises from obstruction" and "pain arises from malnourishment"， clinical presentations often involve a complex mixture of deficiency and excess， as well as cold and heat patterns. Professor WANG proposes the diagnostic and therapeutic theory of "achieving harmony by unblocking and balancing"， advocating for equal emphasis on "freeing the flow of qi and blood" and "regulating the balance of yin and yang". He has summarized eight treatment methods for common headache patterns. For wind-cold attacking the collaterals， treatment should focus on dispersing and unblocking through modified Gegen Decoction （葛根汤）. For wind-dampness binding， it is recommended to unblock and drain， using modified Qingshang Juantong Decoction （清上蠲痛汤）. For damp-heat congestion， unblocking and clearing is the method， using modified Toufeng Shen Formula （头风神方）. For liver-gallbladder qi constraint， unblocking and soothing is the treatment principle， and modified Sanpian Decoction （散偏汤） is suggested. For insufficiency of center qi， even supplementation method is recommended， and modified Yiqi Congming Decoction （益气聪明汤） can be used. For liver yang hyperactivity， unblocking and subduing are combined， using modified Xunlong Decoction （驯龙汤）. For deficiency-cold in the liver and stomach， warming， harmonizing， unblocking， and descending are applied， using modified Wuzhuyu Decoction （吴茱萸汤）. For blood deficiency with cold congelation， unblocking and nourishing are undertaken together， using modified Danggui Sini Decoction （当归四逆汤）. The ultimate goal is to restore the dynamic balance of yin， yang， qi， and blood in the body， thereby allevia-ting pain by restoring clarity and function to the head orifices.

This paper summarizes professor WANG Qingguo's experience in treatment of headache based on the "achieving harmony by unblocking and balancing" concept. It is considered that although the pathogenesis of headache is generally attributed to "pain arises from obstruction" and "pain arises from malnourishment"， clinical presentations often involve a complex mixture of deficiency and excess， as well as cold and heat patterns. Professor WANG proposes the diagnostic and therapeutic theory of "achieving harmony by unblocking and balancing"， advocating for equal emphasis on "freeing the flow of qi and blood" and "regulating the balance of yin and yang". He has summarized eight treatment methods for common headache patterns. For wind-cold attacking the collaterals， treatment should focus on dispersing and unblocking through modified Gegen Decoction （葛根汤）. For wind-dampness binding， it is recommended to unblock and drain， using modified Qingshang Juantong Decoction （清上蠲痛汤）. For damp-heat congestion， unblocking and clearing is the method， using modified Toufeng Shen Formula （头风神方）. For liver-gallbladder qi constraint， unblocking and soothing is the treatment principle， and modified Sanpian Decoction （散偏汤） is suggested. For insufficiency of center qi， even supplementation method is recommended， and modified Yiqi Congming Decoction （益气聪明汤） can be used. For liver yang hyperactivity， unblocking and subduing are combined， using modified Xunlong Decoction （驯龙汤）. For deficiency-cold in the liver and stomach， warming， harmonizing， unblocking， and descending are applied， using modified Wuzhuyu Decoction （吴茱萸汤）. For blood deficiency with cold congelation， unblocking and nourishing are undertaken together， using modified Danggui Sini Decoction （当归四逆汤）. The ultimate goal is to restore the dynamic balance of yin， yang， qi， and blood in the body， thereby allevia-ting pain by restoring clarity and function to the head orifices.

Objective: To explore a simple, effective, and safe method for excluding false positives and identifying infections by comprehensively evaluating blood donors with reactive HIV screening results, thereby providing a basis for developing management strategies for such donors. Methods: HIV testing data of blood donors from our laboratory from January 2022 to December 2024 were collected. The results of ELISA and nucleic acid testing (NAT) were combined with confirmatory results from the CDC and analyzed. Results: A total of 605 929 samples were tested for HIV over the three-year period, with 682 reactive samples (reactive rate: 11.25 per 10 000). All were sent to the CDC for Western blot (WB) confirmation, resulting in 53 confirmed positives ((confirmed positive rate: 7.77%). Among these, 619 samples showed isolated HIV Ag&Ab reactivity with non-reactive NAT (HIV Ag&Ab+-&HIV RNA or NAT NR), with a confirmed infection rate of 0%; 9 samples showed dual HIV Ag&Ab reactivity with non-reactive NAT (HIV Ag&Ab++&HIV RNA NR or NAT NR), also with 0% confirmed infection; 52 samples showed dual HIV Ag&Ab reactivity and reactive NAT (HIV Ag&Ab++&HIV RNA R or NAT R), all confirmed as positive (100% infection rate); and 2 HIV Ag&Ab dual-reactive samples without NAT detection were also confirmed infected (100%). For all four HIV Ag&Ab assays, the S/CO values in the true positive group with dual reactivity were significantly higher than those in the false-positive groups (P<0.05). The S/CO distributions for both single-reactive false positives and dual-reactive false positives were narrow, with the upper box (Q3, 75th percentile) below optimal cutoff values in all cases (The optimal cutoff values for the four reagents were 5.00, 11.67, 8.50, and 20.90, respectively). Conclusion: Blood donors with positive NAT results in HIV blood screening are permanently deferred. Donors with dual positive HIV Ag&Ab but negative NAT results are classified and managed based on the S/CO values of HIV Ag&Ab and the optimal screening thresholds. Donors with single positive HIV Ag&Ab but negative NAT results are placed under evaluation status and retain their eligibility to donate blood. Optimizing the management measures for blood donors and establishing a scientific stratified management and assessment mechanism can effectively maintain the stability of the blood donor team.

Objective: To systematically analyze the confirmatory positivity of different combinations of HBsAg screening results in blood testing, providing data to support the optimization of blood donor eligibility management. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on blood screening data from 174 266 voluntary blood donor samples at the Chongqing Blood Center between October 2021 and September 2022. Samples with inconsistent results between the two HBsAg enzymelinked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) and individual donor nucleic acid testing (NAT) were confirmed using an electrochemiluminescence immunoassay (ECLIA) and a neutralization test. The detection efficacy of four different HBsAg ELISA reagents was compared using the HBsAg-confirmed positive samples. Results: A total of 767(0.44%) HBV-reactive (HB-sAg and/or HBV DNA reactive) samples were detected. Among them, 344 samples with discordant serological and NAT results were collected, of which 64(18.6%) were confirmed positive by neutralization test. Additionally, 5 samples that were neutralization-negative but double-reactive for HBsAg and HBV DNA were confirmed as positive according to FDA guidance, resulting in a total of 69(20.1%) confirmed HBsAg-positive samples. There were significant differences in the neutralization test confirmation rates among different screening result categories (P<0.05): The group with dual HBsAg reagent reactivity (double reactive) & NAT-negative had the highest confirmation rate (96.9%, 31/32); the group reactive to only reagent 2 (single reactive) had a rate of 25.7% (29/113); while the confirmation rates for samples reactive to only reagent 1 and samples with isolated HBV DNA positivity were extremely low [0(0/34) and 2.4%(4/165), respectively]. The four commercial reagents showed significant differences in their ability to detect confirmed positive samples that were initially single reactive (P<0.05). Conclusion: Given the performance variations among HBsAg screening reagents, thorough performance verification is essential before implementation. When NAT is negative, dual HBsAg reactivity in screening can serve as a basis for confirming infection and directly deferring blood donors. However, confirming infection in donors with single HBsAg reactivity is more challenging, necessitating supplementary tests to rule out infection risk.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of ruxolitinib combined with low-dose hormone for patients with acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). Methods: Thirty patients with aGVHD after allo-HSCT admitted to the Department of Hematology of the General Hospital of Western Theater Command from November 2021 to November 2024 were retrospectively analyzed. All patients were treated with low-dose hormone (methylprednisolone 0.3-1 mg kg -d ) combined with ruxolitinib 5-10 mg d . The efficacy and adverse reactions were observed during the follow-up period to analyze the survival outcomes of the patients. Results: A total of 30 patients with aGVHD after allo-HSCT were included in this study, consisting of 15 (50%) males and 15 (50%) females with a median age of 34 year-old (ranging from 14 to 62). Classification by disease type: there were 18 cases of acute myeloid leukemia, 4 cases of acute lymphoblastic leukemia, 4 cases of aplastic anemia, and 4 cases of myelodysplastic syndrome. Classification by aGVHD severity: there were 27 cases (90%) of Ⅱ-Ⅳ degree aGVHD and 11 cases (36.7%) of Ⅲ-Ⅳ degree aGVHD. Ruxolitinib in combination with low-dose glucocorticoid treatment yield responses in 28 (93.3%) patients, of which 27 (90%) achieved complete remission (CR), while 1 (3.3%) showed partial remission (PR). One patient (3.3%) had no response (NR), and 1 patient (3.3%) exhibited progressed disease (PD). Overall survival (OS) at 1 year of transplantation was 73.9% (95%CI 49.5% to 87.7%), progression-free survival (PFS) was 93.3% (95%CI 75.9% to 98.3%), non-relapse mortality (NRM) was 20.6% (95%CI 7.9% to 47.4%), and median survival time was 27.6 months. Conclusion: Ruxolitinib combined with low-dose hormones is safe and effective in the treatment of aGVHD after allo-HSCT.

Objective To investigate the alleviating effect of jujuboside B (JuB) on acute epilepsy in mice and its protective effect on hippocampal neurons. Methods An in vitro epilepsy model was established by stimulating primary hippocampal neurons with cyclothiazide (CTZ). Spontaneous epileptiform discharge was recorded using patch clamp technique. An acute epilepsy model was induced in adult male C57BL/6 mice by intraperitoneal injecting pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) following pretreatment with JuB, and severity of epilepsy was recorded. Mice were euthanized and brain tissues were collected 24 hours after model establishment. The expression levels of mitoptosis related proteins in the hippocampus were detected by Western blotting. Neuronal damage in the hippocampal CA1 and CA3 regions was observed using pathological staining. Results JuB reduced the frequency of CTZ-induced epileptiform discharges (P＜0.001). Pretreatment with 30 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg JuB decreased the maximal behavioral seizure score and prolonged the latency to Racine stage Ⅲ seizures in PTZ-induced epileptic mice (P＜0.001). Compared with the PTZ group, JuB treatment downregulated Bax protein level (P＜0.01) and upregulated Bcl-2 protein level (P＜0.05) in acute epileptic mice. Furthermore, JuB protected neuronal viability in the hippocampal CA1 (P＜0.05) and CA3 (P＜0.01) regions, and ameliorated pathological morphological changes including cellular disarray, unclear boundaries, pyknosis, fragmentation, and dissolution. Conclusions JuB exhibits antiepileptic effects both in vivo and in vitro. It exerts potential antiepileptic effects by inhibiting mitoptosis and attenuating neuronal damage in the hippocampus in an acute epilepsy model.

ObjectiveTo study the therapeutic mechanism of Xihuang Wan for hyperplasia of mammary glands based on network pharmacology， molecular docking， and cell experiments. MethodsThe active ingredients and targets of Xihuang Wan were retrieved from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform （TCMSP） and A Bioinformatics Annotation daTabase for Molecular mechANism of Traditional Chinese Medicine （BATMAN-TCM） and supplemented by searching against PubChem and Swiss Target Prediction. The targets of differential metabolites in tissues and urine were obtained from previous metabolomics studies through PubChem and Swiss Target Prediction. GeneCards， Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man （OMIM）， PharmGKB， Therapeutic Target Database （TTD）， Drunbank were searched for the targets of hyperplasia of mammary glands. After the common targets were obtained via Veeny2.1.0， the STRING database was used to analyze the protein-protein interactions， and Cytoscape was used for the core target analysis and visualization. Gene Ontology （GO） and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes （KEGG） were employed for enrichment analysis. Molecular docking was carried out in Autodock， and cell experiments were conducted to verify the prediction results. In the cell experiments， estradiol and progesterone （E₂+P） were used to intervene in human mammary epithelial/MCF-10A cells， and thus the MCF-10A cell proliferation model was established. The cells were then treated with Xihuang Wan-medicated serum. The cell counting kit-8 （CCK-8） was used to measure the cell proliferation， and flow cytometry was used to detect apoptosis. The mRNA and protein levels of key factors in MCF-10A cells were determined by real-time PCR and Western blot， respectively. ResultsThe results of network pharmacology showed that 90 active ingredients and 316 common targets were obtained， from which 20 core targets and 38 corresponding active ingredients were screened out. The results of GO and KEGG enrichment analyses showed that Xihuang Wan exerted effect against hyperplasia of mammary glands by regulating a variety of biological processes， which may be related to protein kinase B （Akt）-related molecular functions， estrogen signaling pathway， prolactin signaling pathway and other biological processes. The results of molecular docking showed that estrogen receptor 1 （ESR1）， serine/threonine kinase 1 （Akt1）， non-receptor tyrosine kinase （SRC）， and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 （STAT3） all had strong binding activity with the nine active ingredients， suggesting that Xihuang Wan exert the effect through the ESR1/SRC/phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase （PI3K）/Akt signaling pathway and the Janus kinase （JAK）/STAT3 signaling pathway. The results of cell experiments showed that E₂+P intervention in MCF-10A cells promoted the proliferation of MCF-10A cells （P<0.05）， while the Xihuang Wan-medicated serum inhibited the proliferation of MCF-10A cells exposed to E₂+P （P<0.05）. Flow cytometry showed that the Xihuang Wan-medicated serum promoted the apoptosis of MCF-10A cells exposed to E₂+P （P<0.01）. The results of Real-time PCR showed that the Xihuang Wan-medicated serum down-regulated the mRNA levels of PI3K， Akt， JAK2， and STAT3 in MCF-10A cells treated with E₂+P （P<0.01）. The results of Western blot showed that the Xihuang Wan-medicated serum inhibited the expression of p-PI3K/PI3K， p-Akt/Akt， p-JAK2/JAK2， and p-STAT3/STAT3 in MCF-10A cells treated with E₂+P （P<0.05）. ConclusionXihuang Wan may exert the effect against hyperplasia of mammary glands by inhibiting the proliferation and promoting the apoptosis of MCF-10A cells， which may related to the inhibition of the activation of PI3K/Akt and JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathways.

To summarize the distribution characteristics of human papillomavirus(HPV) infection types in patients with cervical squamous intraepithelial lesion(SIL) and cervical cancer(CC), and to explore the impact of HPV vaccination, HPV infection types, and general clinical data on different grades of cervical lesions.

To develop and validate a model for predicting intensive care unit (ICU) mortality risk in patients with malignant tumors complicated by acute respiratory failure (ARF) based on an explainable machine learning framework.