Vibrio vulnificus (V. vulnificus) is a marine bacterium that can cause sepsis, characterized by rapid progression of infection and high clinical mortality rates. However, many healthcare workers lack systematic understanding of V. vulnificus infections and practical experience in the prevention and control of V. vulnificus infection. Therefore, joining with multidisciplinary experts, the Chinese Preventive Medicine Association established a special working group to formulate this consensus, aiming to provide guidance and reference for the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of V. vulnificus infection. Based on existing evidence and the latest research, 6 recommendations were formulated in terms of epidemiology, clinical manifestations, laboratory examination, early diagnosis, clinical evaluation, and infection treatment and prevention.
Humans ; Vibrio Infections/therapy* ; Vibrio vulnificus ; Consensus

Adult ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; therapeutic use ; Emergency Treatment ; methods ; Fasciitis, Necrotizing ; drug therapy ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Shock, Septic ; drug therapy ; surgery ; Vibrio Infections ; drug therapy ; surgery

Vibrio cholerae non-O1 have caused several well-studied food-borne outbreaks of gastroenteritis and also have been responsible for sporadic cases of otitis media, wound infection, and bacteremia. Few cases of liver abscess caused by Vibrio cholerae non-O1 have been reported. A 73-year-old man with underlying diabetes mellitus was admitted with nausea, vomiting, dyspepsia and febrile sensation. We identified Vibrio cholerae non-O1 in his blood cultures and multiple hepatic microabscess on abdominal computed tomography. He was treated with systemic antibiotics and fluid therapy, but died due to septic shock on sixth day. We report here, a case of liver abscess with bacteremia due to Vibrio cholerae non-O1 in a patient with diabetes mellitus.
Aged ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use ; Bacteremia/drug therapy/*microbiology ; Ceftriaxone/therapeutic use ; Humans ; Liver Abscess/*diagnosis/drug therapy/microbiology ; Male ; Metronidazole/therapeutic use ; Shock, Septic/diagnosis ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Vibrio Infections/drug therapy/*microbiology ; Vibrio cholerae non-O1/*isolation & purification

BACKGROUNDSepticemia and inflammation-mediated septic shock caused by Vibrio vulnificus (VV) is strongly associated with chronic liver disease. This study examined the effects of antimicrobial therapy on expression of hepatic toll-like receptors and inflammatory cytokines in rats with alcohol-induced liver disease complicated by VV sepsis.

METHODSMale Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to the following treatment groups: normal control (N), alcoholic liver disease control (A), antimicrobial-treated alcoholic liver disease control (AA), alcoholic liver disease with VV sepsis (AV), and antimicrobial-treated alcoholic liver disease with VV sepsis (AVA). Alcohol-induced liver disease was observed in all groups except N. Expression of mRNAs encoding hepatic toll-like receptors 2 and 4, myeloid differentiation protein-2, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-6 and IL-10 was determined by RT-PCR.

RESULTSmRNAs encoding toll-like receptors 2 and 4 and myeloid differentiation protein-2 were significantly up-regulated in group AV as compared to control groups at 2 - 24 hours of sepsis; peak expression occurred at 12 hours. These mRNAs were also up-regulated in group AVA but to lesser degrees than in group AV at comparable time post-infection. mRNAs encoding TNF-alpha, IL-1beta and IL-6 were significantly elevated in group AV as a function of infection. In group AVA as compared to AV, expression of TNF-alpha and IL-1beta mRNAs was lower at 12 - 24 hours post-infection and expression of IL-6 mRNA was lower at 24 hours post-infection. Compared with control groups, IL-10 mRNA expression in group AV was markedly higher at 12 - 24 hours of sepsis. Expression of IL-10 mRNA was lower in group AVA as compared to AV at 24 hours of sepsis.

CONCLUSIONSAntimicrobial therapy reduces expression of toll-like receptors and cytokines in rats with alcohol-induced liver disease complicated by VV sepsis. Monitoring hepatic toll-like receptor and cytokine expression during antibiotic therapy may be valuable for determining the course of VV sepsis in subjects with liver disease.

Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing ; genetics ; Animals ; Anti-Infective Agents ; therapeutic use ; Cytokines ; genetics ; Interleukin-10 ; genetics ; Interleukin-1beta ; genetics ; Interleukin-6 ; genetics ; Liver ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Liver Diseases, Alcoholic ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Sepsis ; drug therapy ; genetics ; microbiology ; Toll-Like Receptor 2 ; genetics ; Toll-Like Receptor 4 ; genetics ; Toll-Like Receptors ; genetics ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; genetics ; Vibrio Infections ; drug therapy ; Vibrio vulnificus ; physiology