This article reviews the role of different types of T lymphocyte subpopulations in pathological cardiac fibrosis remodeling. T helper 17 (Th17) cells are implicated in promoting the development of pathological cardiac fibrosis remodeling, while regulatory T (Treg) cells exert an immunosuppressive functions as negative regulators, attributing to their interleukin-10 (IL-10) secretion and functional phenotype. Th1 and Th2 cells are involved in different stages of the inflammatory response in pathological cardiac fibrosis remodeling, and their influence varies according to the pathological mechanisms of different cardiac diseases. In addition, CD8⁺ T cells regulate the activation and polarization of macrophages, promote the secretion of granzyme B, induce cardiomyocyte apoptosis, and aggravate cardiac fibrosis post-myocardial infarction. Considering the limitation of cytokine modulation in clinical therapy of heart failure, targeting T-cell co-stimulatory molecules emerges as a promising strategy for treating pathologic cardiac remodeling. Future research will explore chimeric antigen receptor modified T cells (CAR-T cells) technology and targeted regulation of Treg cells quantity and phenotype, for both of which have the potential to become effective methods for treating heart disease.
Humans ; Fibrosis ; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology* ; Ventricular Remodeling/immunology* ; Myocardium/immunology* ; Animals ; Th17 Cells/immunology* ; Interleukin-10/metabolism* ; Th1 Cells/immunology* ; Th2 Cells/immunology*

Humans ; Myocardial Infarction ; physiopathology ; Ventricular Function, Left ; immunology ; Ventricular Remodeling ; immunology

OBJECTIVETo observe the association between positive autoantibodies against AT(1)-receptor and cardiac remodeling in primary hypertensive patients.

METHODSEchocardiography was performed and serum autoantibodies against AT(1)-receptor were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in 592 patients with primary hypertension. The differences on blood pressure level, course of hypertension, vasoactive substance and echocardiography parameters between the positive group and negative group were compared. Factors related to left ventricular enlargement were analyzed by multiple logistic regressions.

RESULTSThe positive percentage of autoantibodies against AT(1)-receptor was 38.0% (225/592). End-diastolic right atrial and left ventricular diameters in positive group were significantly larger than that in negative group (P = 0.049 and P = 0.044, respectively). Regression analysis demonstrated that positive autoantibodies against AT(1)-receptor, male gender, diastolic blood pressure and course of hypertension were related to left ventricular enlargement (all P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe autoantibodies against AT(1)-receptor is associated with left ventricular and right atrial enlargement in hypertensive patients.

Adult ; Aged ; Autoantibodies ; blood ; Female ; Heart Ventricles ; physiopathology ; Humans ; Hypertension ; blood ; immunology ; physiopathology ; Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1 ; immunology ; Ventricular Remodeling

At present ventricular remodeling (VR) is regarded as the main pathological basis of chronic heart failure after acute myocardial infarction (AMI), and preventing VR after AMI is of great importance for the prevention of heart failure. Previously, it has not been paid enough attention to the role of inflammation and autoimmune injury during the process of VR after AMI. This topic was discussed in the paper and the treating strategies with Chinese and Western medicine were also explored.
Animals ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents ; therapeutic use ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Heart Failure ; prevention & control ; Humans ; Inflammation ; drug therapy ; etiology ; immunology ; Myocardial Infarction ; complications ; physiopathology ; Prednisone ; therapeutic use ; Ventricular Remodeling ; drug effects

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of autoantibodies against alpha(-) adrenergic receptor on cardiac remodeling in patients with hypertension.

METHODSFive hundred and fifty three patients with hypertension in our hospital were selected. The autoantibodies against alpha(1) adrenergic receptor in sera of donor were detected by ELISA, and the results of echocardiography were recorded. By multiple logistic regressions, the risk factors were analyzed on left ventricular enlargement of hypertension.

RESULTSThe percentage of autoantibodies against alpha(1) adrenergic receptor positive was 32.3% (179/553). There were significant difference between the positive group and negative group on the ratio of left atrial enlargement (53.6%, 44.3%, respectively; P < 0.05) and left ventricular enlargement (12.8%, 6.1%, respectively; P < 0.01). The result of regression analysis demonstrated that 4 risk factors were related to left ventricular enlargement, including male, course of disease, heart rate (HR) and autoantibodies against alpha(1) adrenergic receptor in the serum (all P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSThe autoantibodies against alpha(1) adrenergic receptor have a relationship with left ventricular enlargement of hypertension. Patients with the activity of autoantibodies against alpha(1) adrenergic might contribute to predict cardiac remodeling.

Adult ; Aged ; Autoantibodies ; blood ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension ; immunology ; physiopathology ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-1 ; immunology ; Ventricular Remodeling ; immunology