Objective: Exposure to microgravity results in postflight cardiovascular deconditioning in astronauts. Vascular oxidative stress injury and mitochondrial dysfunction have been reported during this process. To elucidate the mechanism for this condition, we investigated whether mitochondrial oxidative stress regulates calcium homeostasis and vasoconstriction in hindlimb unweighted (HU) rat cerebral arteries. Methods: Three-week HU was used to simulate microgravity in rats. The contractile responses to vasoconstrictors, mitochondrial fission/fusion, Ca Results: An increase of cytoplasmic Ca Conclusion The present results suggest that mitochondrial oxidative stress enhances cerebral vasoconstriction by regulating calcium homeostasis during simulated microgravity.
Animals ; Calcium/metabolism* ; Cerebral Arteries ; Homeostasis ; Male ; Mitochondria/physiology* ; Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/physiology* ; Oxidative Stress ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Vasoconstriction/physiology* ; Weightlessness Simulation

Arachidonic acids (AA) widely exist in multiple organs and can be metabolized into small lipid molecules with strong biological functions through several pathways. Among them, epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) and 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE), which are produced by cytochrome P450 enzymes, have attracted a lot of attentions, especially in vascular homeostasis. The regulation of vascular function is the foundation of vascular homeostasis, which is mainly achieved by manipulating the vascular structure and biological function. In the past 30 years, the roles of EETs and 20-HETE in the regulation of vascular function have been widely explored. In this review, we discussed the effects of EETs and 20-HETE on angiogenesis and vascular inflammation, respectively. Generally, EETs can dilate blood vessels and inhibit vascular inflammation, while 20-HETE can induce vasoconstriction and vascular inflammation. Interestingly, both EETs and 20-HETE can promote angiogenesis. In addition, the roles of EETs and 20-HETE in several vascular diseases, such as hypertension and cardiac ischemia, were discussed. Finally, the therapeutic perspectives of EETs and 20-HETE for vascular diseases were also summarized.
Arachidonic Acid ; Arachidonic Acids ; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System ; Humans ; Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic Acids ; Hypertension ; Vasoconstriction

Kidney is one of the important organs of the body.With both excretory and endocrine functions,it plays a vital role in regulating the normal physiological state.As a precursor of the nitric oxide(NO)synthesis
Animals ; Arginine/physiology* ; Kidney/physiology* ; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular ; Nitric Oxide/physiology* ; Rats ; Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-1/physiology* ; Renal Insufficiency/physiopathology* ; Signal Transduction ; Vasoconstriction

Circadian rhythms widely exist in living organisms, and they are regulated by the biological clock. Growing evidence has shown that circadian rhythms are tightly related to the physiological function of the cardiovascular system, including blood pressure, heart rate, metabolism of cardiomyocytes, function of endothelial cells, and vasoconstriction and vasodilation. In addition, disruption of circadian rhythms has been considered as one of the important risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, such as myocardial infarction. This review summarizes the recent research advances in the relationship between circadian clock and cardiovascular diseases, hoping to improve treatment strategies for patients with cardiovascular diseases according to the theory of biological clock.
Blood Pressure ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; physiopathology ; Circadian Clocks ; Circadian Rhythm ; Endothelial Cells ; cytology ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Myocytes, Cardiac ; metabolism ; Vasoconstriction ; Vasodilation

No abstract available.
Corpus Callosum ; Hemorrhage ; Vasoconstriction

No abstract available.
Cerebral Angiography ; Headache ; Humans ; Migraine Disorders ; Vasoconstriction

Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS) is a disease characterized by reversible and multiple stenoses of cerebral blood vessels that improve within 3 months, accompanied by thunderclap headache. Here, we report an interesting case of RCVS initially misdiagnosed as Moyamoya disease with transient ischemic attack. A 45-year-old woman visited the Neurology Department of Eulji University Hospital. The patient was initially diagnosed with Moyamoya disease with transient ischemic attack. However, follow-up magnetic resonance angiography performed 12 months after the patient was appropriately diagnosed as having RCVS.
Blood Vessels ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Headache Disorders, Primary ; Humans ; Ischemic Attack, Transient ; Magnetic Resonance Angiography ; Middle Aged ; Moyamoya Disease ; Neurology ; Vasoconstriction

Free fatty acid (FFA) intake regulates blood pressure and vascular reactivity but its direct effect on contractility of systemic arteries is not well understood. We investigated the effects of saturated fatty acid (SFA, palmitic acid), polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA, linoleic acid), and monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA, oleic acid) on the contractility of isolated mesenteric (MA) and deep femoral arteries (DFA) of Sprague–Dawley rats. Isolated MA and DFA were mounted on a dual wire myograph and phenylephrine (PhE, 1–10 µM) concentration-dependent contraction was obtained with or without FFAs. Incubation with 100 µM of palmitic acid significantly increased PhE-induced contraction in both arteries. In MA, treatment with 100 µM of linoleic acid decreased 1 µM PhE-induced contraction while increasing the response to higher PhE concentrations. In DFA, linoleic acid slightly decreased PhE-induced contraction while 200 µM oleic acid significantly decreased it. In MA, oleic acid reduced contraction at low PhE concentration (1 and 2 µM) while increasing it at 10 µM PhE. Perplexingly, depolarization by 40 mM KCl-induced contraction of MA was commonly enhanced by the three fatty acids. The 40 mM KCl-contraction of DFA was also augmented by linoleic and oleic acids while not affected by palmitic acid. SFA persistently increased alpha-adrenergic contraction of systemic arteries whereas PUFA and MUFA attenuated PhE-induced contraction of skeletal arteries. PUFA and MUFA concentration-dependent dual effects on MA suggest differential mechanisms depending on the types of arteries. Further studies are needed to elucidate underlying mechanisms of the various effects of FFA on systemic arteries.
Animals ; Arteries ; Blood Pressure ; Fatty Acids ; Fatty Acids, Unsaturated ; Femoral Artery ; Linoleic Acid ; Mesenteric Arteries ; Oleic Acid ; Oleic Acids ; Palmitic Acid ; Phenylephrine ; Rats ; Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha ; Vasoconstriction

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to assess the safety of one-per-mil tumescent injections into viable skin flaps that had survived an ischemic insult, in order to assess the potential suitability of one-per-mil tumescent injections in future secondary reconstructive procedures such as flap revision and refinements after replantation. METHODS: Forty groin flaps harvested from 20 healthy Wistar rats weighing 220 to 270 g were subjected to acute ischemia by clamping the pedicle for 15 minutes. All flaps showing total survival on the 7th postoperative day were randomly divided into group A (one-per-mil tumescent infiltration; n=14), group B (normal saline infiltration; n=13), and group C (control, with no infiltration; n=13) before being re-elevated. Transcutaneous oxygen tension (TcPO₂) was measured before and after infiltration, and changes in TcPO₂ were statistically analyzed using analysis of variance, the paired t-test, and the independent t-test. The viability of flaps was also assessed using the Analyzing Digital Images software at 7 days after the second elevation. RESULTS: Thirty-nine flaps survived to the final assessment, with the sole exception of a flap from group A that did not survive the first elevation. TcPO₂ readings showed significant decreases (P<0.05) following both one-per-mil tumescent (99.9±5.7 mmHg vs. 37.2±6.3 mmHg) and normal saline (103±8.5 mmHg vs. 48.7±5.9 mmHg) infiltration. Moreover, all groin flaps survived with no signs of tissue necrosis. CONCLUSIONS: One-per-mil tumescent infiltration into groin flap tissue that had survived ischemia did not result in tissue necrosis, although the flaps experienced a significant decrease of cutaneous oxygenation.
Constriction ; Epinephrine ; Groin ; Hand Injuries ; Ischemia ; Necrosis ; Oxygen ; Rats, Wistar ; Reading ; Reperfusion Injury ; Replantation ; Skin ; Vasoconstriction

No abstract available.
Headache ; Vasoconstriction