Background and Objectives: Pericoronary adipose tissue (PCAT) is linked to coronary artery disease (CAD) progression through compositional changes that disrupt adipose homeostasis and affect vascular biology. This study explores how PCAT characteristics - volume and fat attenuation index (FAI)-relate to CAD severity and left ventricular (LV) function. Methods: This study included 100 patients with suspected CAD who underwent coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) and echocardiography between September 2023 and July 2024. PCAT volume, FAI and thickness were measured along coronary arteries (right coronary artery [RCA], left anterior descending [LAD], and left circumflex [LCX]). CAD severity was assessed using the Gensini score, while LV structural and functional metrics, including diastolic function, were obtained via echocardiography. Correlations between PCAT parameters, CAD burden, and LV function were analyzed using Spearman’s correlation and p value <0.05 was considered significant. Results: RCA FAI exhibited the strongest association with CAD severity (Gensini score: r=0.416, p=0.026) and diastolic dysfunction (r=0.536, p<0.001), with progressively less negative values from Grade 1 to Grade 3 dysfunction. LAD and LCX (r=0.278, p=0.03) FAI displayed moderate associations. RCA volume correlated with LV mass index, fractional shortening and diastolic parameters. Hypertension was associated with elevated RCA FAI and volume (p<0.05), while diabetes showed no significant impact on PCAT metrics. Conclusions PCAT FAI is a sensitive marker of CAD severity and diastolic dysfunction, especially in the RCA, highlighting its value for detection, risk stratification, and personalized CAD management. Integration of PCAT metrics into routine CCTA analysis could enhance cardiovascular risk assessment and treatment planning.

Background: The mechanism of injury (MoI) for a patellar dislocation has not been fully established. The aim of this study was to use systematic video analysis to determine the MoI of a patella dislocation. Methods: A systematic search was conducted of three video sharing websites and three popular search engines to identify videos demonstrating a patellar dislocation. Videos were reviewed by three surgeons trained in systematic video analysis, who commented on the position of the lower limb and the situation in which the injury occurred.The results were reviewed to build a consensus of the MoI for each video. Statistical analysis was conducted for interobserver agreement (p < 0.05). Results: Initial search yielded 603 videos with 13 meeting the inclusion criteria. The injuries were sustained performing a sporting activity (n = 9) or whilst dancing (n = 4). The injury was predominantly sustained during a non-contact situation (n = 10). The most common mechanism was an unbalanced individual with a flexed hip sustaining a valgus force to their flexed knee with the tibia externally rotated. Conclusions This study provides some insight into the MoI for a patellar dislocation and the findings may assist in developing injury prevention programmes and rehabilitation protocols as well as guiding future research.

INTRODUCTIONKnowledge of anatomical variations of the great vessels of the abdomen, including the coeliac trunk, is important for clinicians planning surgical intervention and radiological imaging. The present study aimed to record the prevalence of variations in the vascular pattern of branches of the coeliac trunk in cadavers.

METHODSA total of 50 properly embalmed and formalin-fixed cadavers from the Indian population were selected for the study. Dissection included surgical incision, followed by mobilisation of the anatomical viscera, to observe and record the branching pattern of the coeliac trunk.

RESULTSThe left gastric, common hepatic and splenic arteries were found to arise from the coeliac trunk in 86% of cadavers. In 76% of cadavers, the origin of the gastric artery was proximal to the bifurcation of the coeliac trunk into the common hepatic and splenic arteries. In one case, all three branches arose directly from the abdominal aorta, and the origin of the splenic artery was 1 cm distal to the origin of the left gastric and common hepatic arteries. In another case, the common hepatic and left gastric arteries arose from the coeliac trunk, and the origin of the splenic artery was 1.5 cm distal to the abdominal aorta.

CONCLUSIONVessel ligation and anastomosis are important in surgical procedures like liver transplantation, and background knowledge of the different vascular patterns of branches of the coeliac trunk is vital. The findings of our study could help to minimise complications related to abdominal surgery, including bleeding and necrosis, and facilitate better and more accurate radiological interpretations.

Adult ; Aged ; Anastomosis, Surgical ; Aorta, Abdominal ; anatomy & histology ; surgery ; Cadaver ; Celiac Artery ; anatomy & histology ; surgery ; Female ; Hepatic Artery ; anatomy & histology ; surgery ; Humans ; Liver ; blood supply ; surgery ; Liver Transplantation ; methods ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Splenic Artery ; anatomy & histology ; surgery ; Vascular Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Young Adult

INTRODUCTIONWe aim to study and elucidate the safety profile of the antiepileptic doses of gabapentin during pregnancy, and to evaluate gabapentin-induced murine fetotoxicity at different dose levels.

METHODSA total of 60 pregnant mice, divided into 12 groups of five mice each, were exposed to gabapentin in four different doses of 0 (control), 113, 226, or 452 mg/kg body weight per day, at three different gestational stages including early gestation (1-6 days), mid-gestation (7-12 days), and late gestation (13-17 days). The pregnant mice were euthanized on day 18 of gestation, and foetuses were examined for teratogenic manifestations. Their brains were dissected and examined for gross changes, malformations, histological changes, and quantitative protein estimation.

RESULTSFoetal resorptions were observed in all treated groups with gabapentin administration at early gestation (1-6 days), and mid-gestation (7-12 days). On the other hand, growth retardation along with stunting in size of live foetuses were observed in all the mid-gestation (7-12 days), and late gestation (13-17 days) treated groups. Various gross malformations were observed with all the three doses (113, 226, and 452 mg/kg body weight per day) when gabapentin was administered at mid-gestation (7-12 days). The same trends were confirmed by gross and microscopic examination of brains along with quantitative protein estimation.

CONCLUSIONGabapentin should not be prescribed during pregnancy, as no therapeutic dose of gabapentin is safe during this period as far as the foetal well-being is concerned.

Abnormalities, Drug-Induced ; Amines ; adverse effects ; Animals ; Anticonvulsants ; adverse effects ; Body Weight ; Congenital Abnormalities ; prevention & control ; Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids ; adverse effects ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Female ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred ICR ; Models, Chemical ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy, Animal ; drug effects ; Teratogens ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid ; adverse effects

During routine dissection in the department of anatomy, the following anatomical variations of the phrenic nerve were observed on the right side of the neck of a 30-year-old male cadaver. The phrenic nerve, in its early course close to its origin, gave a communicating branch to the C5 root of the brachial plexus. At the level of the root of neck just before entering the thorax, the phrenic nerve was located anterior to the subclavian vein. This unique case of phrenic nerve variation gains tremendous importance in the context of subclavian vein cannulation, implanted venous access portals, and supraclavicular nerve block for regional anaesthesia.
Adult ; Brachial Plexus ; abnormalities ; Cadaver ; Dissection ; Humans ; Male ; Phrenic Nerve ; abnormalities ; Singapore

The use of antiepileptic drugs in pregnancy always presents challenges to doctors and their patients as it may have deleterious effects on the developing embryo. Lamotrigine is most commonly-prescribed drug among the newer antiepileptic drugs; hence, it has been selected for the present review. A number of studies pertaining to the safety of lamotrigine use during pregnancy have been reported, with differing results. Contradictory results have been reported in animals regarding lamotrigine teratogenicity, and human studies have also proven inconclusive. In many countries, human pregnancy registries are maintained to establish the safety of antiepileptic drugs during pregnancy, as all the different suggestions favour some over others, with specific antiepileptic combinations still being questioned. It is our hope that the present work may integrate the available disparate relevant facts into a directed effort towards minimising the risk of foetal compromise.
Abnormalities, Drug-Induced ; Animals ; Anticonvulsants ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Epilepsy ; drug therapy ; Female ; Folic Acid Deficiency ; chemically induced ; Humans ; Pregnancy ; Teratogens ; pharmacokinetics ; pharmacology ; Triazines ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use

In most of the medical colleges in India, unclaimed bodies from various mortuaries reach the dissection hall; and here, the body donors club has yet to gain the desired dimensions. In spite of all the adverse circumstances, the cadaver and the dissection both have survived the most rigorous test of pedagological fitness--the test of time. Today, many of the Western countries have long donor waiting lists where cadavers are acquired as anatomical gifts or through body donor programmes. Thailand's approach to body donors offers a role model for resolving the present situation. The spirit of volunteerism reflects the drastic shift in public perception and a global change in approach is needed in the present time.
Anatomy ; education ; Cadaver ; Dissection ; Education, Medical, Undergraduate ; Humans ; India ; Tissue Donors