Ultra micro angiography (UMA) can effectively improve the sensitivity and spatial resolution of blood flow imaging. To further meet the clinical requirements of quantitative measurements for microvascular imaging, this article demonstrated technical features and performance verification results of the microflow quantitative analysis function, which was developed based on the UMA function. This article provided preliminary validation of the measurement of Synchronous Arbitrary Gate-PW (SAG-PW) using a Doppler flow phantom and a moving string phantom. The Doppler flow phantom results demonstrated that the SAG-PW measurement values were close to the traditional PW results, and the average error of multiple sets of measurement results under different conditions was 3.9%. The results of SAG-PW and PW were strongly linearly correlated, with the slope and correlation coefficient approaching 1. The results of the moving string phantom demonstrated that the relative errors of TAMean and SAG-PW with different phantom set values were within 10%.
Phantoms, Imaging ; Ultrasonography, Doppler/instrumentation* ; Microvessels/diagnostic imaging*

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the diagnostic value of ultrasonography in combination with mammography for breast cancer within 2 cm.

METHODSThe PubMed, the Cochrane Library, CNKI, CBM and Wanfang databases (2003/01/01-2013/04/30) were searched for studies of the diagnostic value of ultrasonography in combination with mammography for breast cancer within 2 cm. The quality of the included studies was evaluated according to QUADAS items. The pooled sensitivity (SEN), pooled specificity (SPE), pooled diagnostic odds ratio (DOR), and area under summary receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) were calculated using Review Manager 5.2 and Meta-DiSc 1.4 software.

RESULTSNine articles were included in the final analysis. The pooled SEN of ultrasonography, mammography and their combination were 0.75, 0.66, and 0.92, the pooled SPE 0.75, 0.83, and 0.82, the pooled DOR 7.11, 8.67, and 60.82, and the AUC 0.7902, 0.8120, and 0.9469, respectively.

CONCLUSIONThe combination of ultrasonography and mammography can increase the diagnostic accuracy for breast cancer within 2 cm.

Breast Neoplasms ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Early Detection of Cancer ; Female ; Humans ; Mammography ; instrumentation ; methods ; Molybdenum ; ROC Curve ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color ; Ultrasonography, Doppler, Pulsed ; Ultrasonography, Mammary ; methods

A 67-year-old Chinese woman with comorbidities of chronic obstructive lung disease, hypertension and prior coronary artery bypass surgery presented with severe functional mitral regurgitation (MR) and severely depressed left ventricular function. She was in New York Heart Association (NYHA) Class II-III. Due to high surgical risk, she was referred for percutaneous treatment with the MitraClip valve repair system. This procedure is typically performed via the femoral venous system and involves a transseptal puncture. A clip is delivered to grasp the regurgitant mitral valve leaflets and reduce MR. This was performed uneventfully in our patient, with reduction of MR from 4+ to 1+. She was discharged on post-procedure Day 2 and her NYHA class improved to Class I. This was the first successful MitraClip procedure performed in Asia and represents a valuable treatment option in patients with severe MR, especially those with functional MR or those at high surgical risk.
Aged ; Cardiac Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Cardiology ; instrumentation ; methods ; Catheters ; Echocardiography ; methods ; Equipment and Supplies ; Female ; Heart Ventricles ; physiopathology ; Humans ; Mitral Valve ; surgery ; Mitral Valve Insufficiency ; surgery ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive ; complications ; Risk ; Ultrasonography, Doppler ; methods ; Ventricular Dysfunction, Left ; surgery

Transcatheter aortic valve implantation and transcatheter mitral valve repair (MitraClip) procedures have been performed worldwide. In this paper, we review the use of two-dimensional and three-dimensional transesophageal echo for guiding transcatheter aortic valve replacement and mitral valve repair.
Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Aortic Valve Stenosis/*therapy/*ultrasonography ; Balloon Valvuloplasty ; Bioprosthesis ; *Cardiac Catheterization/adverse effects/instrumentation ; *Echocardiography ; Echocardiography, Doppler, Color ; Echocardiography, Three-Dimensional ; Echocardiography, Transesophageal ; Heart Valve Prosthesis ; Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation/adverse effects/instrumentation/*methods ; Humans ; Mitral Valve Insufficiency/*therapy/*ultrasonography ; Predictive Value of Tests ; Prosthesis Design ; Severity of Illness Index ; Surgical Instruments ; Ultrasonography, Interventional/*methods

INTRODUCTIONThe purpose of this case series was to determine the sonographic features of neonatal ovarian torsion.

MATERIALS AND METHODSSeven surgically proven cases of neonatal ovarian cysts were included in this retrospective study. The patients were divided into 2 groups, torsion and non-torsion. These 7 patients were evaluated for the clinical presentation, sonographic features, surgical and pathological findings. The findings on follow-up sonography after surgery were also noted.

RESULTSThe sonographic appearance was variable. Of the 4 cases with torsion, 2 lesions had internal echoes with 'fi sh-net appearance'. The other 2 lesions were predominantly cystic on the sonography with internal echoes and echogenic nodule. A calcific focus was present in 1 of these echogenic nodules. One of the cysts had fluid-fluid level. In the non-torsion group, only 1 lesion had mixed echogenic appearance. The other 2 lesions were cystic with low level internal echoes in 1 of the cysts. The surgical procedure performed in the torsion group was salpingo-oophorectomy in 2 patients and oophorectomy in 1 patient. In 1 patient, cystectomy was attempted without success. In the non-torsion group, only cystectomy was performed with preservation of normal ovaries, which was confirmed on follow-up sonography.

CONCLUSIONThe sonographic features of cysts with 'fish-net appearance', fluid-debris level and cysts with echogenic nodule favour torsion. The former sign has so far not been described as a sonographic predictor for neonatal ovarian torsion.

Female ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Ovarian Cysts ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; surgery ; Ovary ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Postoperative Period ; Retrospective Studies ; Torsion Abnormality ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; surgery ; Ultrasonography, Doppler ; instrumentation

This paper provides a new design of 12-element array ultrasound transducer. By modeling the beam field model of single element and array and comparing simulated and real ultrasound beam field test data, it can be demonstrated that 12-element array ultrasound transducer has a much better field performance than the 8-element transducer.
Equipment Design ; Ultrasonography, Doppler ; instrumentation ; Ultrasonography, Prenatal ; instrumentation

OBJECTIVETo study the value of contrast-enhanced ultrasound with high-frequency linear-array transducer in the diagnosis of carotid stenosis.

METHODSThe carotid arteries of 31 patients was examined with color Doppler ultrasound (CDU), harmonic contrast ultrasound (HCU) and digital subtractive angiography (DSA), respectively. The result of DSA was used as the golden standard for evaluating the accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of CDU and HCU in the diagnosis of carotid stenosis.

RESULTSSatisfactory images of 62 carotid arteries were obtained from the patients using HCU with high-frequency linear-array transducer. After intravenous injection of contrast agent, densely dotted hyperechogenic signals were found in the vascular lumen, with stronger intensity than that of the vascular walls. The filling defect areas in the lumen indicated vascular stenosis. Thirty carotid stenoses were detected by DSA, and 25 by CDU. The accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of CDU was 83.3%, 82.0% and 84.9%, respectively. HCU identified 29 carotid stenoses with accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of 96.7%, 96.7% and 97.0%, respectively, significantly higher than those of CDU (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONHCU with high frequency linear-array transducer has better the accuracy than CDU and may serve as a good alternative for diagnosis of carotid stenosis.

Aged ; Angiography, Digital Subtraction ; Carotid Arteries ; diagnostic imaging ; Carotid Stenosis ; diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Image Enhancement ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Transducers ; Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color ; instrumentation ; methods

Wall filtering is a key technology in ultrasound color flow imaging system. Without efficient suppression of wall signal originating from stationary and moving tissue, low velocity blood flow cannot be measured, and the estimates of higher velocities will have a large bias. Among the various wall filters, the projection-initialized infinite impulse response (IIR) wall filter has narrow transition bandwidth and high stopband suppression ratio; it is superior to other wall filters. At present, the related literatures are only limited to theoretical research on this kind of filter, and no feasible design and implementation methods are reported. In this paper, a new design and implementation scheme for the projection-initialized filter is proposed, which transforms the filtering process to matrix multiplications. The proposed scheme is realized on programmable logic devices. Experimental results show that it is a simple and effective implementation method for projection-initialized IIR filter, and it is superior to conventional wall filters.
Algorithms ; Blood Flow Velocity ; physiology ; Blood Vessels ; diagnostic imaging ; Computer Simulation ; Equipment Design ; Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted ; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color ; instrumentation ; methods

In this paper the theory of autocorrelation algorithm for color flow mapping is analyzed and a new way for ultrasound color flow velocity estimation and real-time display is proposed. The method sets up a mapping table which directly relates to the dynamic display range and has only 256 entries using an inverse mapping method instead of calculating the arctangent value directly. This method is ideal for software implementation and offers an interactive way to the user for changing the dynamic range of flow velocity and thus to increasing the display resolution.
Algorithms ; Blood Flow Velocity ; Humans ; Pulsatile Flow ; physiology ; Rheology ; instrumentation ; Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color ; instrumentation ; methods

BACKGROUNDS/AIMS: Doppler ultrasongraphy is used to evaluate hemodynamic alternations in patients with liver cirrhosis. Purpose of this study was to determine the interequipment variability of Doppler indices in portal and splenic vein in cirrhosis. METHODS: Blood velocity, diameter, flow and congestive index in portal and splenic vein were measured by Doppler ultrasonography in 30 patients with cirrhosis using two different machines. RESULTS: Portal venous velocities measured by HDI-5000 and SSD-5000 were 8.72+/-3.69 cm/sec, 12.21+/-2.84 cm/sec, respectively which showed significant difference (P<0.001). Measured portal blood flows and congestive indices also had significant difference between HDI-5000 and SSD-5000 (P<0.01). Splenic venous velocity by HDI-5000 was 8.55+/-2.71 cm/sec, which was lower than that of 12.32+/-3.11 cm/sec by SSD-5000 (P<0.001). Splenic blood flows measured by HDI-5000 and SSD-5000 were 390.73+/-260.98 mL/min, 595.01+/-346.53 mL/min, respectively, showing significant difference (P=0.015). However, no differences were in the diameters of portal and splenic vein between HDI-5000 and SSD-5000. CONCLUSION: Doppler indices in portal and splenic vein showed significant interequipment variability. Therefore, in liver cirrhosis, hemodynamic investigations using different Doppler ultrasonographic machines is inappropriate.
Adult ; Aged ; Blood Flow Velocity ; Female ; Humans ; Liver Cirrhosis/*ultrasonography ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Ultrasonography, Doppler/*instrumentation