OBJECTIVE: To investigate the accuracy of color Doppler ultrasound (CDU) and CT angiography (CTA) in the preoperative evaluation of perforator vessels in free posterior interosseous artery perforator (PIAP) flaps. METHODS: Between January 2020 and December 2023, 19 patients with hand skin and soft tissue defects caused by trauma were admitted. There were 11 males and 8 females, with a median age of 45 years (range, 26-54 years). The interval between injury and admission was 5-11 days (mean, 7.2 days). The skin and soft tissue defects were located on the dorsum of the hand in 8 cases and on the fingers in 11 cases. The size of defect ranged from 4.0 cm×2.5 cm to 7.5 cm×3.5 cm. After locating the perforator vessels through CDU and CTA before operation, the free PIAP flaps were designed to repair hand defects, with the size of 4.5 cm×3.0 cm-7.5 cm×4.0 cm. The defects of donor sites were directly sutured. The number and diameter of perforator vessels in the posterior interosseous artery detected by CDU and CTA were compared. The differences in localization of perforator vessels using CDU and CTA and their clinical effects were also compared to calculate the accuracy and recognition rate. During follow-up, the survival of the skin flap was observed, and the Vancouver scar scale (VSS) score was used to evaluate the healing of the donor site, while the visual analogue scale (VAS) score was used to evaluate the patient's satisfaction with the appearance of the skin flap. RESULTS: The number and the diameter of PIAP vessels was 5.8±1.2 and (0.62±0.08) mm assessed by CDU and 5.2±1.0 and (0.60±0.07) mm by CTA, showing no significant difference between the two methods ( P>0.05). The number, course, and distribution of perforator vessels of the PIAP vessels observed during operation were basically consistent with those detected by preoperative CDU and CTA. Compared with intraoperative observation results, the recognition rates of dominant perforating vessels by CDU and CTA were 95.0% (18/19) and 89.5% (17/19), respectively, and the accuracy rates were 100% (19/19) and 84.2% (16/19), with no significant difference between the two methods ( P>0.05). All flaps survived after operation, and all wounds and incisions at donor sites healed by first intention. All patients were followed up 6-13 months (mean, 8.2 months). At last follow-up, the skin flaps had elasticity and soft texture，with the patient satisfaction VAS score of 9.2±0.8. The donor sites had no obvious scar hyperplasia with the VSS score of 11.7±0.9. CONCLUSION CDU and CTA accurately identify the dominant perforator vessels and provide reliable information for vessel localization, facilitating precise flap harvesting and minimizing donor site injury. However, CDU offers superior visualization of distal end of perforator vessels in the forearm compared to CTA.
Humans ; Female ; Male ; Adult ; Perforator Flap/blood supply* ; Middle Aged ; Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color/methods* ; Computed Tomography Angiography/methods* ; Soft Tissue Injuries/diagnostic imaging* ; Hand Injuries/diagnostic imaging* ; Plastic Surgery Procedures/methods* ; Hand/surgery* ; Preoperative Care ; Arteries/diagnostic imaging*

OBJECTIVES: In recent years, the role of remnant cholesterol (RC) in the development and progression of cardiovascular diseases has gained increasing attention. However, evidence on the association between RC and subclinical atherosclerosis is limited. This study aims to examine the relationship between RC and atherosclerotic plaques in single and multiple vascular territories. METHODS: This retrospective cross-sectional study used baseline data from participants enrolled between October 2022 and May 2024 in the National Key Research Program "Study on the Prevention and Control System of Risk Factors for Panvascular Diseases". Color Doppler ultrasonography was performed to detect plaques in 4 vascular territories: Bilateral carotid arteries, bilateral subclavian arteries, abdominal aorta, and iliac-femoral arteries. RC was calculated as total cholesterol minus the sum of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). Participants were categorized into quartiles (Q1-Q4) according to RC levels. The proportions of participants with ≥2 plaques in a single vascular territory and with plaques in ≥2 vascular territories were compared across RC quartiles. Multivariate ordinal Logistic regression was used to assess the association between RC and the number of plaques in a single vascular territory, as well as the risk of multiple vascular territory involvement. Additionally, the effects of LDL-C/RC concordance on plaque distribution were analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 3 539 participants were included, of whom 2 169 (61.29%) were male, with a age of (51.94±9.22) years. From Q1 to Q4, the proportion of participants with ≥2 plaques in a single vascular territory (bilateral carotid, subclavian, abdominal aorta, and iliac-femoral arteries), as well as those with plaques in ≥2 vascular territories, increased progressively. Compared with Q1, both Q3 and Q4 were significantly associated with higher plaque numbers in a single vascular territory (both P<0.05). When treated as a continuous variable, higher RC levels were associated with an increased risk of greater plaque numbers within a single vascular territory (all P<0.05). RC levels were also significantly associated with multiple vascular territory involvement: Compared with Q1, Q4 had a 1.015-fold higher risk [odds ratio (OR)=2.015, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.669 to 2.433], and each 1 mmol/L increase in RC corresponded to a 0.160-fold increased risk (OR=1.160, 95% CI 1.073 to 1.271). In LDL-C/RC coordination analysis, compared with the low LDL-C/low RC group, the low LDL-C/high RC group was significantly associated with multiple vascular territory involvement (OR=1.576, 95% CI 1.220 to 2.036). CONCLUSIONS Elevated RC levels are closely associated with atherosclerotic plaques in both single and multiple vascular territories, even among individuals with normal LDL-C, suggesting that RC should be considered in clinical risk assessment and management of atherosclerosis.
Humans ; Plaque, Atherosclerotic/diagnostic imaging* ; Male ; Female ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Cholesterol/blood* ; Cholesterol, LDL/blood* ; Aged ; Cholesterol, HDL/blood* ; Risk Factors ; Atherosclerosis ; Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color ; Femoral Artery/diagnostic imaging*

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical application of high-frequency color Doppler ultrasound (HFCDU) in detecting perforators in the deep adipose layers for harvesting super-thin anterolateral thigh flap (ALTF). METHODS: Between August 2019 and January 2023, 45 patients (46 sides) with skin and soft tissue defects in the foot and ankle were treated, including 29 males and 16 females, aged from 22 to 62 years, with an average of 46.7 years. The body mass index ranged from 19.6 to 36.2 kg/m ², with an average of 23.62 kg/m ². The causes of injury included traffic accident injury in 15 cases, heavy object crush injury in 20 cases, mechanical injury in 8 cases, heat crush injury in 1 case, and chronic infection in 1 case. There were 20 cases on the left side, 24 cases on the right side, and 1 case on both sides. After thorough debridement, the wound size ranged from 5 cm×4 cm to 17 cm×11 cm. All patients underwent free super-thin ALTF transplantation repair. HFCDU was used to detect the location of the perforators piercing the deep and superficial fascia, as well as the direction and branches of the perforators within the deep adipose layers before operation. According to the preoperative HFCDU findings, the dimensions of the super-thin ALTF ranged from 6 cm×4 cm to 18 cm×12 cm. The donor sites of the flaps were directly sutured. RESULTS: A total of 55 perforators were detected by HFCDU before operation, but 1 was not found during operation. During operation, a total of 56 perforators were found, and 2 perforators were not detected by HFCDU. The positive predictive value of HFCDU for identifying perforator vessels was 98.2%, and the sensitivity was 96.4%. Among the 54 perforators accurately located by HFCDU, the orientation of the perforators in the deep adipose layers was confirmed during operation. There were 21 perforators (38.9%) traveled laterally and inferiorly, 12 (22.2%) traveled medially and inferiorly, 14 (25.9%) traveled laterally and superiorly, 5 (9.3%) traveled medially and superiorly, and 2 (3.7%) ran almost vertically to the body surface. Among the 54 perforators accurately located by HFCDU, 35 were identified as type 1 perforators and 12 as type 2 perforators (HFCDU misidentified 7 type 2 perforators as type 1 perforators). The sensitivity of HFCDU in identifying type 1 perforators was 100%, with a positive predictive value of 83.3%. For type 2 perforators, the sensitivity was 63.2%, and the positive predictive value was 100%. The surgeries were successfully completed. The super-thin ALTF had a thickness ranging from 2 to 6 mm, with an average of 3.56 mm. All super-thin ALTF survived, however, 1 flap experienced a venous crisis at 1 day after operation, but it survived after emergency exploration and re-anastomosis of the veins; 1 flap developed venous crisis at 3 days after operation but survived after bleeding with several small incisions; 3 flaps had necrosis at the distal edge of the epidermis, which healed after undergoing dressing changes. All 45 patients were followed up 6-18 months (mean, 13.6 months). Three flaps required secondary defatting procedures, while the rest had the appropriate thickness, and the overall appearance was satisfactory. CONCLUSION Preoperative application of HFCDU to detect the perforator in the deep adipose layers can improve the success and safety of the procedure by facilitating the harvest of super-thin ALTF.
Male ; Female ; Humans ; Thigh/surgery* ; Plastic Surgery Procedures ; Prospective Studies ; Skin Transplantation ; Free Tissue Flaps ; Burns ; Soft Tissue Injuries/surgery* ; Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color ; Crush Injuries/surgery* ; Perforator Flap ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVE: To compare the effectiveness of poly ether ether ketone (PEEK) localization marker combined with mixed reality technology versus color doppler ultrasound guidance for the vessel localization of anterolateral thigh perforator flap. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 40 patients with tissue defects after oral cancer resection who underwent repair using the anterolateral thigh perforator flap between January 2022 and June 2023. According to the different intraoperative positioning methods of the anterolateral thigh perforator flap, they were randomly divided into PEEK group [using PEEK localization marker combined with mixed reality technology based on CT angiography (CTA) data] and color ultrasound group (using color ultrasound guidance), with 20 cases in each group. There was no significant difference in gender, age, etiology, and disease duration between the two groups ( P>0.05). The number of perforator vessels identified in the two groups of regions of interest was recorded, and compared them with the intraoperative actually detected number to calculate the success identifying rate of perforator vessels; the distance between the perforating point and the actual puncture point was measured, the operation time of the two groups of flaps was recorded. RESULTS: In the PEEK group, 32 perforator vessels were identified, 34 were detected by intraoperative exploration, and the success identifying rate was 94.1% (32/34); in the color ultrasound group, 29 perforator vessels were identified, 33 were detected by intraoperative exploration, and the success identifying rate was 87.8% (29/33); there was a significant difference in the success identifying rate between the two groups ( P<0.05). The distance between the perforating point and the actual puncture point and the operation time in PEEK group were significantly shorter than those in color ultrasound group ( P<0.05). Patients in both groups were followed up 6-30 months, with a median of 17 months; there was no significant difference in follow-up time between the two groups ( P>0.05). In the PEEK group, there was 1 case of flap necrosis at the distal edge and delayed healing after trimming and dressing change. In the color ultrasound group, there was 1 case of flap necrosis at 7 days after operation and pectoralis major myocutaneous flap was selected for repair after removal of the necrotic flap. In the rest, the flap survived and the incision healed by first intention. Donor site infection occurred in 1 case in PEEK group and healed after anti-inflammatory treatment. The maxillofacial appearance of the two groups was good, the flap was not obviously bloated, and the patients were satisfied with the repair effect. CONCLUSION Compared with the traditional color ultrasound guidance, the PEEK localization marker combined with mixed reality technology based on CTA data in vessel localization of anterolateral thigh perforator flap has higher success identifying rate and positioning accuracy, and the flap production time is shorter, which has high clinical application value.
Humans ; Ketones ; Perforator Flap/blood supply* ; Benzophenones ; Polymers ; Male ; Thigh/blood supply* ; Polyethylene Glycols ; Female ; Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color ; Computed Tomography Angiography ; Plastic Surgery Procedures/methods* ; Mouth Neoplasms/surgery* ; Middle Aged

Objective: To study the diagnostic value of immediate color Doppler ultrasonography on traumatic hepatic hemorrhage after tissue sampling with ultrasound-guided liver biopsy and the clinical effect of its-directed local compression hemostasis at puncture-site. Methods: 132 hospitalized patients with various liver diseases underwent ultrasound-guided hepatic puncture-biopsies, including 61 cases with diffuse parenchymal and 71 cases with focal liver lesions. Immediate postoperative color Doppler ultrasonography was performed following liver biopsy. Abnormal blood flow signal was observed at hepatic puncture biopsy site, and if there were hemorrhagic signals, ultrasound-directed local compression hemostasis was performed until the bleeding signal disappeared. F-test and Chi-square test were used for statistical analysis. Results: Immediate color Doppler ultrasonography showed traumatic hemorrhage in 36.1% (22/61) and 40.8% (29/71) cases of diffuse liver disease and focal liver disease group, respectively. All hemorrhagic signals were eventually disappeared after ultrasound-directed local compression hemostasis. The median hemostasis time was 2 min in both groups, and there was no statistically significant difference in bleeding rate and hemostasis time between the two groups (P>0.05). There were no serious complications and deaths. Conclusion: Traumatic hepatic hemorrhage along the needle puncture tract is a common accompanying condition during liver biopsy. Immediate postoperative color Doppler ultrasonography can trace bleeding signals in timely manner and direct effective compression hemostasis, so it should be used routinely to help avoid occurrence of severe hemorrhagic complications.
Biopsy ; Hemorrhage/etiology* ; Hemostasis/physiology* ; Humans ; Liver/pathology* ; Liver Diseases/pathology* ; Ultrasonography ; Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color/adverse effects*

Placenta accreta syndrome (PAS) is rare in first-trimester abortions with an unscarred uterus. It is this rarity that makes diagnosis and management difficult and challenging. This is a case report of a multigravid with an early incomplete abortion complicated by PAS (placenta increta) manifesting as an ill-defined hypervascular uterine cavity mass on transvaginal ultrasound, with decreasing trends of serum beta-human chorionic gonadotropin. PAS was successfully diagnosed preoperatively, and an uneventful hysterectomy was performed. A curettage that could potentially lead to catastrophic hemorrhage was prevented. This case highlights the diagnostic dilemma in early trimester PAS, the importance of early accurate diagnosis, and a good correlation with ancillary diagnostics to provide prompt and appropriate management.
Pregnancy ; Placenta Accreta ; Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color

Doppler ultrasound technique. It uses an advanced clutter filter that can remove clutter artifacts and preserve the low-velocity microvascular flow signal. The potential advantages of microvascular ultrasonography are its superiority in detection and visualization of the small blood vessels in tissues, providing radiologists with more information on the vascular structures. Therefore, it has shown particular value in the clinical fields. The aim of this study was to provide microvascular ultrasonographic images for the tissue microvasculature, including the brain, thyroid gland, kidney, urinary bladder, small bowel, ovary, testis, lymph node, and hemangiomas in children, focusing on the comparison with conventional color Doppler ultrasonographic images.]]>
Artifacts ; Blood Vessels ; Brain ; Child ; Female ; Hemangioma ; Humans ; Kidney ; Lymph Nodes ; Microvessels ; Ovary ; Testis ; Thyroid Gland ; Ultrasonography ; Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color ; Urinary Bladder

Adult ; Asthenozoospermia/complications* ; Azoospermia/surgery* ; Humans ; Male ; Microsurgery/methods* ; Oligospermia/complications* ; Orchiectomy ; Seminoma/surgery* ; Testicular Neoplasms/surgery* ; Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color/methods* ; Urologic Surgical Procedures, Male/methods* ; Varicocele/surgery*

BACKGROUND: The precise pathophysiology of venous erectile dysfunction (VED) was still unclear. Dynamic infusion cavernosometry and cavernosography (DICC) was the gold standard approach for the diagnoses of VED. However, a standard operative procedure of DICC was needed and it was unclear whether DICC could show promise in accurate assessment and treatment of VED. The aim of this study was to establish an optimized operation process of DICC and evaluate the efficacy of DICC in the diagnoses and therapy of VED. METHODS: One hundred and forty-seven VED patients identified by the color doppler duplex ultrasonography (CDDU) were included. Then the method of DICC was adopted to assess the severity of VED and all patients were divided into 4 groups, including (1) non-VED; (2) mild VED; (3) moderate VED and (4) severe VED. All patients received the treatment of psychotherapy. Drug therapy, the intervention embolism of corpus cavernosum and the implantation of penile prosthesis were applied if psychotherapy was ineffective for patients. The international index of erectile function (IIEF-5) scores of patients were collected and compared before and after treatment. RESULTS: IIEF-5 score of non-VED group after psychotherapy (19.35 ± 3.59) and drug therapy (23.31 ± 0.75) was higher than that before psychotherapy (15.30 ± 2.72, t = -4.31, P < 0.01) and drug therapy (16.62 ± 1.50, t = -19.13, P < 0.01). IIEF-5 scores of mild VED (18.25 ± 2.60) and moderate VED group (14.83 ± 4.17) after treatment was improved significantly by intervention embolism of corpus cavernosum when compared with those before treatment (mild: 15.50 ± 2.14, t = -2.31, P < 0.05; moderate: 11.83 ± 2.86, t = -1.45, P < 0.05). However, drug therapy and intervention embolism (IE) of corpus cavernosum showed poor effects on patients with moderate and severe VED patients (P > 0.05). IIEF-5 score of severe VED group was increased under the treatment of implantation of penile prosthesis (23.25 ± 0.71) compared with that before treatment (8.00 ± 0.39, t = -53.25, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION DICC was a valid diagnostic tool that could identify patients with VED. And DICC had great effect on the diagnosis and individual therapy for patients with VED in varying degrees. Moreover, the manipulation of DICC needed uniform standards.
Adult ; Embolization, Therapeutic ; Humans ; Impotence, Vasculogenic ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Penis ; blood supply ; diagnostic imaging ; Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color ; Veins

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The strategy of access care at out center involves the use of ultrasound (USG) in case of physical examination (PE) abnormality. USG determines the need of angiography. This study investigated the possible association between the need for percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) and hemodynamic parameters of USG. The study also assessed the effects of this monitoring strategy on outcomes in comparison with a historical control. METHODS: A retrospective study of the medical records of 127 patients (65 PTA, 62 non-PTA) was conducted. Data were analyzed using logistic regression analysis and receiver operating characteristic curve. Fistula outcomes and intervention rates were calculated and compared with 100 historic controls. RESULTS: Logistic regression analysis showed that brachial artery flow volume (FV) < 612.9 mL/min or brachial artery resistance index (RI) > 0.63 was independently associated with the need for PTA. This monitoring strategy showed an a reduction in thromboses (0.02 ± 0.11 events/arteriovenous fistula [AVF]-year vs. 0.07 ± 0.23 events/AVF-year, p = 0.046), reduction in central venous catheter placement (0.01 ± 0.05 events/AVF-year vs. 0.06 ± 0.22 events/AVF-year, p = 0.010), reduction in access loss (0.02 ± 0.13 events/AVF-year vs. 0.19 ± 0.34 events/AVF-year, p = 0.015), and increase in access selective repair (0.49 ± 0.66 events/AVF-year vs. 0.21 ± 0.69 events/AVF-year, p = 0.003), compared to historic control. CONCLUSIONS: There was significant stenosis if brachial artery FV was < 612.9 mL/min or RI was > 0.63 for PE abnormality. These parameters should be used as markers for assessing PTA risk in hemodialysis patients. Addition of USG to determine the need of angiography after detection of PE abnormality leads to decreases in access thrombosis, catheter placement, and access loss despite increasing access intervention rates compared to clinical monitoring.
Angiography ; Angioplasty ; Brachial Artery ; Catheters ; Central Venous Catheters ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Fistula* ; Hemodynamics* ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Medical Records ; Physical Examination ; Renal Dialysis ; Retrospective Studies ; ROC Curve ; Thrombosis ; Ultrasonography ; Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color