Introduction: High workloads among medical professionals can have adverse effects on their performance, the quality and safety of patient care. However, Zoljargal’s 2021 study indicates that existing legal documents frequently offer additional compensation based on factors like skill level and exposure to hazardous conditions, all while lacking a comprehensive assessment of work performance, actual working hours, knowledge, experience, and workload. This research gap underscores the importance of investigating the workload of medical pharmacy professionals. Methods: The research utilized chronometric methods and content analysis. Result In the study, a total of 42 professionals participated. The work efficiency of professionals in the departments of research institutions of levels II and III was studied using the method of chronometry, and they worked for an average of 44.9±3.236 hours over 5 working days, with 12.5-20.4 hours (31.25%-51%) spent on core tasks and 8.2-14.2 hours (20.5%-35.5%) on documentation tasks. Additionally, the workload of professionals in research institutions is highest on Tuesdays and Fridays, with 9.1 hours and 8.7 hours of work, respectively. The employees worked for an average of 35.15 hours and a maximum of 51.62 hours per week, with an average of 45.015±3.236 hours

Introduction: Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, which is used in traditional medicine, has the ability to remove blood-drying heat. Chiazospermum erectum Bernh. has the ability to relieve typhoid fever and poison fever. Carthamus tinctorius L. has antiseptic, analgesic and anti-toxic properties. Saussurea amara L. has bactericidal, anti-infective, and anti-inflammatory properties. Researchers found that the Hepaclin-4 recipe has antioxidant, membrane-strengthening, liver-protective, necrosis-preventing, detoxification, and peroxidation product accumulation-reducing properties. Therefore, extracting the granular medicine form from the concentrated extract containing the Hepaclin-4 formulation is the basis of our research work. Goal: To obtain the granular medicine form from the concentrated extract containing ingredients of the Hepaclin-4 recipe. Materials and Methods: The research was carried out with the support of the Institute of Pharmaceutical Research and the University of Pharmaceutical Sciences. The raw materials for the Hepaclin-4 formula were extracted by remaceration with water, 40% ethanol, and 70% ethanol (1:10 ratio). Six types of granules were extracted from the concentrated extract using several excipients by the wet granulation method, and the pouring weight and flowability were determined. Results: The quality index of the concentrated extract of the Hepaclin-4 recipe complies with the standards outlined in the 11th Pharmacopoeia of the National Pharmacopoeia of Mongolia. In qualitative analysis of total flavonoid, spots were detected at the same level as standard quercetin (Rf=0.88) and rutin (Rf=0.4), indicating the presence of flavonoids. According to the results of the above research, lactose was found to be the suitable filler for extracting granules, and starch at 8% was identified as the appropriate binding agent from the concentrated extract of the Hepaclin-4 formula. Conclusion It was found suitable to select 8% lactose as a filler and starch as a binding agent from the concentrated extract of the Hepaclin-4 formula and obtain a granule drug form using the wet granulation method.

Background: Infections in respiratory systems have spread throughout the world without any restrictions including living places, public issues, and lifestyle. Three main causes of illnesses for the population of cities and rural areas were gastrointestinal diseases, respiratory diseases, and cardiovascular diseases. After investigated some medicinal herbs including Stelleria Chamaejasme L. and Oxytropis Pseudoglandulosa, it has been reported that they had antiinflammatory, analgesic, and wound healing effects. Lozenge formulation has some advantages for treatment application, such as easily absorbed, good bioavailability and ability of diminishing stomach irritation. In this study, we aimed to obtain a suitable extract from Stelleria Chamaejasme L. and Oxytropis Pseudoglandulosa for further lozenge formulation. Purpose: To obtain a suitable extract from Stelleria Chamaejasme L. and Oxytropis Pseudoglandulosa, and to conduct qualitative and quantitative studies for some biologically active substances Materials and methods: In this study, an aerial part of Stelleria Chamaejasme L. and Oxytropis Pseudoglandulosa were used, and the study was conducted in MUPS. For obtaining a suitable extract, the raw materials were extracted by remaceration, repercolation and circulation methods in 20% and 70% of ethanol and distilled water. The flavonoids and polyphenolic compounds in the extracts were determined by thin layer chromatography. Quantitative analysis for total flavonoids was performed by spectrophotometer. Results: According to the result, a yellow spot-on chromatogram was detected in extracted raw materials (Stelleria Chamaejasme L. and Oxytropis Pseudoglandulosa), indicating that flavonoid contained in the extracted solution.
The result was compared to standards of rutin (Rf=0.2) and quercetin (Rf= 0.94). Also, a black, blue spot-on chromatogram was detected in extracted raw materials (Stelleria Chamaejasme L. and Oxytropis Pseudoglandulosa), indicating that polyphenols contained in the extracted solution. The spots were compared to gallic acid as a standard substance. In the quantitative assay of total flavonoids in raw materials, black-green precipitation was revealed after procedure. From this result, remaceration and circulation techniques were suitable to extract the raw materials. Flavonoid content was 3.35±0.04% after using remaceration technique, which indicated that it was more suitable to extract the raw materials. Conclusions These results showed that the appropriate extracting solution for Stelleria Chamaejasme L. and Oxytropis Pseudoglandulosa was 70% of ethanol. In this case, 3.35±0.04% of flavonoid was extracted by remaceration technique.

Introduction: Pharmacist and customer satisfaction is unique to other industries because it has a significant impact on patient outcomes and the quality of primary health care. In the framework of health sector reforms, improving the ethics and attitudes of medical professionals, the quality of care, internal environment and safety has become a priority issue for the development of the organization.
According to statistical data, in 2020, there are 2343 second-class pharmacies in Mongolia, 1254 in Ulaanbaatar, and 1249 pharmacies in Ulaanbaatar in 2021. As of 2020, there are 2639 pharmacists and 2009 drug directors working in the country, and in 2021, there are 2913 pharmacists and 2010 drug directors. Compared to the previous year, the number of pharmacists has increased by 0.8%, and the number of drug directors has increased by 13% has indicators. According to the above statistics, it is appropriate to study the satisfaction of specialists and clients in line with the increasing number of pharmacies and specialists.
As of the 1st quarter of 2023, pharmaceutical experts who play an important role in the quality and availability of pharmacy services and social economic development in the world (Pakistan, America, Canada. Great Britain, Spain, South Africa, etc.) Because it is important to study the satisfaction of pharmacists and the satisfaction of pharmacy users, we are conducting regular satisfaction surveys. Purpose and objectives: The purpose of the research is to evaluate the satisfaction of customers and pharmacists in the pharmacy of Ulaanbaatar. For this purpose, the following objectives were proposed. It includes:
1. Survey of pharmaceutical experts and pharmacy users determine the sample size
2. To evaluate the satisfaction of pharmacy users through a questionnaire
3. To evaluate the satisfaction of pharmacists by questionnaire
4. Compare the level of satisfaction by age group and perform statistical processing Materials and methods: A survey of pharmacy customers and pharmacist satisfaction was conducted using a Cross-sectional studies model. The Survey system calculator was used to calculate the sample size based on the representativeness of the sample to be studied. The survey was conducted between the 4th quarter of 2022 and the 2nd quarter of 2023. and the satisfaction of customers and pharmacists was obtained by random sampling by the UB City Hospitals and Health Deparments, and data was collected using 2 types of questionnaires to be evaluated on a 5-point Likert scale using the SERVQUAL model. The results were processed using Microsoft Excel and SPSS 23.0 software. The reliability of the survey questionnaire was calculated using the Cronbach alpha coefficient. Results: A total of 758 people participated in our study, and satisfaction was determined by including n=369 pharmacists and n=389 customers, respectively. A breakdown of the results:
369 pharmacists participated in the survey, and according to the total number of questions, 48.0% n=177 are satisfied, 37.7% n=139 are very satisfied. Considering the satisfied age group of pharmaceutical specialists, n=101 specialists in the age group of 26-35 years are the most satisfied.
52.85% n=195 satisfied. 25.20% n=93 Very satisfied, 20.87% n=77 Moderately satisfied, 0.54% n=2 Not at all satisfied, 0.54% n=2 He replied that he did not know. According to the results of the survey, pharmaceutical professionals are highly satisfied.
On the other hand, 389 customers participated in the satisfaction survey of pharmacy users, and according to the total results of the group questions, 67.4% n=262 customers were moderately satisfied with the organization's care and service culture and intimate environment outside the organization is satisfied. Looking at the satisfaction of pharmacy customers by age group, n=121 customers under 25 years of age have moderate satisfaction is satisfied.
49.61% n=193 not satisfied at all, 35.22% n=137 Moderately satisfied with the pharmacy services from the surveyed customers, degree, 9.55% n=37 Very satisfied, 5.66% n=22 answered that they do not know. Therefore, it shows the need to consider the quality of care. Conclusion 369 experts were included in the survey to evaluate the satisfaction of customers and pharmacists with the pharmacy, and 2 groups of evaluations were used in the survey. The reliability of the 22 questionnaires, calculated by Cronbach's alpha coefficient, is good between 0.9 a≥0.846. The majority of pharmaceutical professionals (n=316) surveyed are satisfied with their profession and workplace.
However, the reliability of the questionnaire used in the research to evaluate the satisfaction of customers in the pharmacy, when calculated by Cronbach's alpha coefficient, is acceptable between 0,8 a≥0.777. The n=262 customers surveyed are moderately satisfied with pharmacy services.
Depending on the age group of the people involved in the research, the location where they work and serve, the relationship attitude, understanding, and workload satisfaction level are different.

Abstract: Demographical, social and cultural factors including population health, diagnoses, introduction of new treatment methods, capacity of the health organizations, enhancement of professional skills of medical practitioners, as well as drug efficacy affect the needs of drug. There are many methods used to estimate needs of drug. For example; Essential medicine list, medicines prescribed for specific illnesses and medicines consumed by norms. Moreover, there are two ways to estimate the demand of the essential medicines making basic comparisons of essential drug needs and morbidity indicators of the other countries in compliance with the recommendation of WHO.¹
Actual needs of the essential medicines for most common diseases and other medicines have determined by selecting from the records of inpatients by classification and amount as well as estimating the classification, amount and price of the medicines sold by pharmacy for the given period. This estimation reveals the temptation of the needs of the drug so that the amount of the supply will be determined by upcoming month, season and year. More importantly, It will not only benefit the classification, amount of the necessary medications but also it will estimate the budget for the certain period.
In the recent 9 years, the community acquired pneumonia cases among the 0 to 5 year old children admitted to the hospitals of Ulaanbaatar city have increased by 15.7%.
Therefore, we have studied the needs of drug in the treatment actual consumption of medicine the CAP in children among 0 to 5 year old.
The research was referenced by the method of determining drug needs by consumption and morbidity indicators, other methods developed by scientists such as Hogerzell H.V., Jonathan D.Quick., James R.Rakin., Richard O.Laing., Ronald W.O.Connor., Andrew, Kobzari L.V, Dryomovo N.B, Glembotskaya G. T, Mnushko Z.N. Numerical data has been determined by average and standard deviation as well as maximum or minimum value employing variation analysis method. Result of the study Having determined the average number of CAP in children cases, temp of annual growth, fluctuations, statistical report of the last decade based on the actual medicine consumption for the treatment of CAP in children of all the participants (96 inpatients aged from 0 to 5 year) and disease prognoses; as result, it has been estimated the necessary drug needs for 27591-33869 CAP in children cases which will be treated in the hospitals of Ulaanbaatar city from 2019-2013.
There’s a tendency that approximately 31509 patients aged from 0 to 5 year are going to be hospitalized for CAP in children so that it’s estimated to require 1156848.1 MNT for the treatment.

Abstract: Respiratory diseases are the most common among the population of Mongolia, besides, the data regarding the pneumonia and chronic obstructive lung disease (COLD) among the community acquired pneumonia in children specially 0-5 year old has taken into much consideration when re- viewing the statistical report of 2010-2018 of Mongolia.¹
Looking at the details, as regards 2010-2011 there were 82 CAP case, which increased by 6.8%, but in 2011-2012, 48 cases were registered, which dropped into 3.7%. Again in 2012-2013, jumped by 2.6 % by reporting 33 cases. Then from 2013 to 2014, it has become 406 cases, increased by 31.8% whereas it added up to 848 cases registered in 2014-2015, which fell by 50.4%. 788 cases reported in 2015-2016 , rose by 94.7%. Then the figure decreased by 2.2%, only 36 reported cases in 2016-2017, again it soared up to 14.1% when 224 cases were registered in 2017-2018. In the last 9 years, the community acquired pneumonia among the 0 to 5 year olds in Ulaanbaatar city has increased by 10.4%.
Reviewing the Statistical Report of 2010-2018 of Mongolia, hospitalized cases of the children aged from 0-5 year old for CAP has gradually increased from 2010 to 2014; the total number of the above mentioned cases has become 8603 and the average increase was 13,1%.
In fact, the figure fell by 40% by reporting 8071 cases in 2014-2015 which whereas in 2015- 2016 there were 13073 cases, an increase of 108.3%. Then, in 2016-2017, the number has de- creased by 6.3% with 1604 reported cases. But in 2017-2018, registering 3260 cases, the rated jumped by 13.9%.²
In the recent 9 years, the pneumonia cases among the 0 to 5 year old children admitted to the hospitals of Ulaanbaatar city have increased by 15.7%. Therefore we have studied the actual medicine consumption in the treatment of the CAP among 0 to 5 year old.
The research data was processed by cross-sectional study by employing retrospective analysis is used to randomly select actual drug consumption from the records of the inpatients who diag- nosed as CAP. Result of the study In the last 9 years, the CAP among the 0 to 5 year old children hospitalized in Ulaanbaatar city has increased by 15.7%.
The number of the inpatients diagnosed as the CAP has reached 21535 cases, which is increased by 6.2% in 2014-2018. Furthermore, there is tendency to increase pneumonia cases by 31509; it’s possible to have approximately an increase of 5.1% in the 2019-2023.
We have revealed 30 different types of medicines have been used for the treatment of the CAP after examining prescribed drugs.

Introduction: A drugstore runs its activities in the framework of the primary goal of providing quality guaranteed, high-treatment satisfaction, and safe drugs and medical devices uninterrupted access to pharmaceuticals at retail prices. Pharmacists and chemists, doctors, medical professionals, and consumers will also be involved in promoting the rational use of drugs in the community.
It is practical to study the role and involvement of components in the rational use of drugs. Method: Processes and concludes using a one-moment model using a questionnaire survey method. Conclusion 51.2% of the respondents for the questionnaire survey were 31-40 years old, 80% were women, and 20% were men. 82% of the respondents have a higher education degree.
According to the survey, 61.8% of respondents answered that there are long queues to see a doctor, 79.5% of them responded like pharmacists provide good enough instruction for the use of drugs, 66.4% of respondents aware of the rational use of drugs, and 78.5% of them buy prescribed antibiotics under the prescription from pharmacies. The response shows that the knowledge and information on the rational use of drugs among the population are improving.
According to a survey among physicians, 36.8% of the total number of physicians examines 21- 30 people, 47.4% prescribe prescriptions for 11-20 people per day, 42% gives instructions to their clients on the medications they prescribed, and 42% spends 6-10 minutes for a single client, and 63.2% recommends antifungal drugs when prescribing antibiotics. It shows that the number of people per doctor meets the norms and standards specified in the joint orders of the Minister of Labor and Social Welfare and the Minister of Health dated 30 May 2019 A / 185 and A / 252.
According to a survey of pharmacists, 42.1% of pharmacists surveyed spend an average of 3-5 minutes per customer, 89.5% do not prescribe drug prescription, 88.9% regularly advise their clients on the rational use of drugs, and 78.9% dispense medicine necessarily by prescription. The response to mandatory prescriptions indicates that the requirements of prescription and prescription standards are partially met, indicating the need further to improve the implementation of relevant standards and regulations.

In modern days, a phytogenic medicinal form of throat lozenges has been widely used to treat upper respiratory illnesses such as cough, flu and sore throat.
A medicinal form of lozenge is prepared to have pleasant taste to use for consumers and it takes up a leading position in pharmaceutical market due to its several advantages. For instance, the throat lozenge directly influences on oral mucosa and acts partially and generally, increases bioavailability of active substances, and reduces gastric irritation. Moreover, it is suitable for use and it doesn’t pass through liver. In addition, it is easy to manufacture and store. The throat lozenge formulation produces mainly a partial therapeutic due to the additives of various active substances.
Researchers consider that this medicinal form of lozenges is prosperous in pharmaceutical industry and market in near future. Herbal drugs are used as main therapeutic agents for many diseases due to its market demand. There are many imported herbal drugs used in Mongolian pharmaceutical market, such as Koflet, Koflet-N, Dr. Mom, Woods, Timiar, and Linkas. Therefore, it is necessary to study the possibility and prospect of import substitution industrialization in our home country.
We have conducted a research develop a throat lozenge formulation technology using medicinal herbs with high-therapeutic value for sore throat treatment. Ural licorice (Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fish), Eugenia caryophyllata Thunb, and Ginger (Kaempferia galangal) were used in this drug formulation due to their therapeutic effects such as antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal and anti-inflammation.
The technological phases to prepare throat lozenge were developed on the basis of method by Suchitra Pundir and Abhay Murari Lal Verma, the scientists at the Department of Pharmaceutical Management and Technology, Indian University Pharmaceutical Sciences.

IntroductionStructure and Function of the digestive organ diseases in that commonly occurred Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD) is becoming one of the majority diseases in the population furthermore it is tending to increase and peptic ulcer malignity is in the fourth leading tumor which causes to death. Mongolian statistics data estimates that there are totally 355256 structures and function of the digestive organ diseases were registered in 2011. 25.2 % of stationary disease, 74.8% of is ambulatory diseases from them stationary disease of PUD are 3.74 %, ambulatory disease of PUD are 4.84%.PurposeTo define the types and needs of drugs which are used in the stationary and ambulatory treatment of patients who are suffering from peptic ulcerMaterial and MethodDiagnosis of PUD 2010-2012, The retrospective study has been done on the history of 393 stationary patients in the Gastroenterlogy Unit of Orkhon, Uvur-Khangai, Khovd, Dornod’s regional center for diagnosis and, State Central Clinical Hospital, Clinical Hospital-2, Hospital-3 named after Mr. Shastin, Hospitals in Songino-Khairkhan District and Nalaikh District but also 107 ambulatory patient’s substantial usage of prescribed drug treatments were compiled by cross sectional studies which is specifically developed study card. “The consumption method and morbidity method” by Hogerzell H.V., Jonathan D.Quick., James R.Rakin,(2005) was used due to identify drug needs as WHO advised.ResultsIn the study 500 people were above 20 and average age is 48.36±14.44. As a tertiary Level hospital 27, As a secondary Level hospital 18,Regional Center for Diagnosis 21, ambulatory treatment 22 kinds of drugs were used in PUD’s treatment. Omeprazolum 380, Metronidazolum 242, Sylcoseryl 227 were used. Peptic ulcer disease stationary treatment drug needs are not enough.Conclusions:1. As a tertiary Level hospital27, As a secondary Level hospital18 and Regional Center for Diagnosis used 21 kinds of drugs for PUD. 22 kinds of drugs were used for Peptic Ulcer Disease in an ambulatory2. Peptic ulcer disease stationary treatment drug needs are not enough.

Introduction:Structure and Function of the digestive organ diseases in that commonly occurred Ulcer Disease (PUD) is becoming one of the major diseases in the population furthermore it is tending to increase and peptic ulcer malignity is in the fourth leading tumor which causes to death.80% of the patients who has Gastric ulcer, 80 % of the patient who has PUD, has helicobacter pylori infections.Mongolian statistics data estimates that there are in total 355256 structures and function of the digestive organ diseases were registered in 2011. 25.2 % of stationary disease, 74.8% of is ambulatory diseases from them stationary disease of PUD are 3.74 %, ambulatory disease of PUD are 4.84%.Purpose of the study: Indicate the substantial supply of essential drugs of PUD in the stationary and ambulatory treatment.The study material and method:Diagnosis of PUD 2010-2012, The retrospective study has been done on the history of 393 stationary patients in the Gastroenterlogy Department of Orkhon, Uvur-Khangai, Khovd, Dornod’s regional center for diagnosis and, State Central Clinical Hospital, Clinical Hospital-2, Hospital-3 named after Mr. Shastin, Hospitals in Songini Khairkhan District and Nalaikh Districtbut also 107 ambulatory patient’s substantial supply of prescribed drug treatments were compiled by cross sectional studies which is specifically developed study card.WHO advised the drug supply “ Managing drug supply, the selection, the procurement, distribution and use of pharmaceuticals ” method by Jonathan D. Quick, Jamas R. Rakin, Richard O.Laing, Ronald W.O’Connor, Hans V.Hogerzell, M.N.G.Dukes, Andrew and Кобзарь л.в, дрёмова н.Б, глембоцкая г.т мнушко з.н. Statistic was developed and implemented excel, SPSS16.0 programme.Result of the study: In the study 500 people wereabove 20 and average age is 48.36±14.44.As a tertiary Level hospital 27, As a secondary Level hospital 18,Regional Center for Diagnosis 21, ambulatory treatment 22 kinds of drugs were used in PUD’s treatment. Omeprazolum 380, Metronidazolum 242, Sylcoseryl 227 were used.163380.15 tugrug (Mongolian currency) budget is required for Stationary treatment of Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD) but 987540.95tugrug budget is required for ambulatory treatment.Conclusion:As a tertiary Level hospital 27, As a secondary Level hospital 18 and Regional Center for Diagnosis used 21 kinds of drugs for PUD.22 kinds of tablets were used for Peptic Ulcer Disease in an ambulatoryAs the result of the study 163380.15 tugrug for PUD’s stationary treatment, 987540.95 are required for PUD’s ambulatory treatment.