BACKGROUND:Exercise is an effective way to improve microvascular function in patients with type 2 diabetes.In recent years,exercise has been used as an intervention therapy for microvascular dysfunction in patients with type 2 diabetes.However,few studies have systematically explored the influence of factors,such as"exercise type,exercise intensity and amount of exercise,"on microvascular function in patients.To some extent,this limits the formulation of precise exercise prescriptions to improve microvascular dysfunction in patients with type 2 diabetes and the comparison of study results.OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of exercise type,intensity,frequency and amount of exercise on microvascular function in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus,and to make suggestions on exercise prescription.METHODS:The first author used computer to search the studies on the improvement of microvascular function in type 2 diabetes patients involving exercise in CNKI,WanFang,PubMed and other databases.The search terms were"diabetes mellitus,type 2 diabetes mellitus,microcirculation,microvascular reactivity,microvessels,capillaries,vasodilation,blood perfusion volume,endothelial cells,shear stress,exercise,aerobic exercise,resistance exercise,high-intensity exercise"in Chinese and English.The articles were screened by a quick glance at the article titles and abstracts to exclude those that were not closely related to the topic,and finally 60 articles were included for review.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Exercise is an effective way to improve microvascular function in patients with type 2 diabetes.Aerobic exercise lasting 12-24 weeks,3-5 times/week,exercise time＞30 minutes and intensity between 40％and 59％reserve oxygen intake can significantly improve microvascular function in patients with type 2 diabetes.On the basis of aerobic exercise,systemic resistance exercise 2-3 times a week(50％-85％1RM,every other day)or pressure resistance exercise can obtain better intervention effects.(2)In addition,exercise can improve microvascular function in patients with type 2 diabetes in a"dose-effect"manner,and patients can get better results from the intervention by increasing the amount of exercise,while maintaining safety.(3)The mechanism of exercise improving microvascular function in patients with type 2 diabetes is mainly related to promoting the release of nitric oxide and vascular endothelial growth factor from endothelial cells and inhibiting the release of endothelin1.

BACKGROUND:Exercise is an effective way to improve microvascular function in patients with type 2 diabetes.In recent years,exercise has been used as an intervention therapy for microvascular dysfunction in patients with type 2 diabetes.However,few studies have systematically explored the influence of factors,such as"exercise type,exercise intensity and amount of exercise,"on microvascular function in patients.To some extent,this limits the formulation of precise exercise prescriptions to improve microvascular dysfunction in patients with type 2 diabetes and the comparison of study results.OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of exercise type,intensity,frequency and amount of exercise on microvascular function in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus,and to make suggestions on exercise prescription.METHODS:The first author used computer to search the studies on the improvement of microvascular function in type 2 diabetes patients involving exercise in CNKI,WanFang,PubMed and other databases.The search terms were"diabetes mellitus,type 2 diabetes mellitus,microcirculation,microvascular reactivity,microvessels,capillaries,vasodilation,blood perfusion volume,endothelial cells,shear stress,exercise,aerobic exercise,resistance exercise,high-intensity exercise"in Chinese and English.The articles were screened by a quick glance at the article titles and abstracts to exclude those that were not closely related to the topic,and finally 60 articles were included for review.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Exercise is an effective way to improve microvascular function in patients with type 2 diabetes.Aerobic exercise lasting 12-24 weeks,3-5 times/week,exercise time＞30 minutes and intensity between 40％and 59％reserve oxygen intake can significantly improve microvascular function in patients with type 2 diabetes.On the basis of aerobic exercise,systemic resistance exercise 2-3 times a week(50％-85％1RM,every other day)or pressure resistance exercise can obtain better intervention effects.(2)In addition,exercise can improve microvascular function in patients with type 2 diabetes in a"dose-effect"manner,and patients can get better results from the intervention by increasing the amount of exercise,while maintaining safety.(3)The mechanism of exercise improving microvascular function in patients with type 2 diabetes is mainly related to promoting the release of nitric oxide and vascular endothelial growth factor from endothelial cells and inhibiting the release of endothelin1.

Objective:To analyze the characteristics of toxic substances determination standards in workplaces in China, in order to provide basis for further development of national occupational health standards.Methods:In November 2023, Used descriptive analysis methods, conduct a characteristic analysis of the toxic substance determination standards for workplaces in China issued between 2004 and 2024, including the first drafting situation, standard formulation/revision situation, standard determination methods types, and method performance indicators.Results:The The first drafting unit in the GBZ/T 160 and GBZ/T 300 standards that have been issued is mainly composed of disease prevention and control centers (154, accounting for 60.6%) and the hospital of Occupational disease prevention and control (154, accounting for 60.6%). The regional distribution is North China (65 items, accounting for 25.6%), East China (60 items, accounting for 23.7%), and South China (51 items, accounting for 20.2%). 93.1% of the standards were published between 2004 and 2017; Covering 671 measurement methods.The method types are gas chromatography (367, 54.7%), spectrophotometry (98, 14.6%), inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (54, 8.0%), etc. The missing items of standard performance indexes mainly focus on penetration capacity, recovery rate and detection limit. The missing items of penetration capacity and recovery rate are mainly distributed in gas chromatography methods; The missing detection limits and minimum detection concentrations are mainly distributed in spectrophotometry and gas chromatography method.Conclusion:Suggest accelerating the update speed of toxic substance determination standards in the workplace, supplementing the supporting determination methods in GBZ 2.1 standard, focusing on solving common problems in existing standards, gradually improving the standards for missing performance indicators, and gradually carrying out national standard transformation in a hierarchical and phased manner for local or group standards with good practical applications.

This study investigated the role of the nuclear factor of activated T cells c3 (NFATc3) in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) during aortic aneurysm and dissection (AAD) progression and the underlying molecular mechanisms. Cytoplasmic and nuclear NFATc3 levels were elevated in human and mouse AAD. VSMC-NFATc3 deletion reduced thoracic AAD (TAAD) and abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) progression in mice, contrary to VSMC-NFATc3 overexpression. VSMC-NFATc3 deletion reduced extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation and maintained the VSMC contractile phenotype. Nuclear NFATc3 targeted and transcriptionally upregulated matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) and MMP2, promoting ECM degradation and AAD development. NFATc3 promoted VSMC phenotypic switching by binding to eukaryotic elongation factor 2 (eEF2) and inhibiting its phosphorylation in the VSMC cytoplasm. Restoring eEF2 reversed the beneficial effects in VSMC-specific NFATc3-knockout mice. Cabamiquine-targets eEF2 and inhibits protein synthesis-inhibited AAD development and progression in VSMC-NFATc3-overexpressing mice. VSMC-NFATc3 promoted VSMC switch and ECM degradation while exacerbating AAD development, making it a novel potential therapeutic target for preventing and treating AAD.

Background/Aims: Metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is a chronic liver disease characterized by hepatic steatosis. Ubiquitin-specific protease 29 (USP29) plays pivotal roles in hepatic ischemiareperfusion injury and hepatocellular carcinoma, but its role in MASLD remains unexplored. Therefore, the aim of this study was to reveal the effects and underlying mechanisms of USP29 in MASLD progression. Methods: USP29 expression was assessed in liver samples from MASLD patients and mice. The role and molecular mechanism of USP29 in MASLD were assessed in high-fat diet-fed and high-fat/high-cholesterol diet-fed mice and palmitic acid and oleic acid treated hepatocytes. Results: USP29 protein levels were significantly reduced in mice and humans with MASLD. Hepatic steatosis, inflammation and fibrosis were significantly exacerbated by USP29 deletion and relieved by USP29 overexpression. Mechanistically, USP29 significantly activated the expression of genes related to fatty acid β-oxidation (FAO) under metabolic stimulation, directly interacted with long-chain acyl-CoA synthase 5 (ACSL5) and repressed ACSL5 degradation by increasing ACSL5 K48-linked deubiquitination. Moreover, the effect of USP29 on hepatocyte lipid accumulation and MASLD was dependent on ACSL5. Conclusions USP29 functions as a novel negative regulator of MASLD by stabilizing ACSL5 to promote FAO. The activation of the USP29-ACSL5 axis may represent a potential therapeutic strategy for MASLD.

Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy of"Tongdu Tiaoshen"acupuncture combined with hand function rehabilitation training in patients with hand dysfunction following cerebral infarction.Methods A total of 104 patients were randomly assigned to either the observation group(receiving"Tongdu Tiaoshen"acupunc-ture combined with hand function rehabilitation training)or the control group(undergoing hand function rehabilita-tion training alone),with 52 patients in each group.Both groups underwent a 4-week treatment regimen.The following outcome measures were assessed pre-and post-treatment:Modified Ashworth Scale(MAS),Modified Lindmark Scale(MLS),Brunnstrom Motor Function Score(BMS)for upper limbs,Fugl-Meyer Assessment(FMA)of upper limb motor function,Modified Barthel Index(MBI),and grip strength(GS).Adverse events were docu-mented,and the clinical efficacy in each group was evaluated by calculating the effective rate.Results After excluding dropouts,a total of 94 cases were included in the final statistical analysis,with 48 cases assigned to the observation group and 46 to the control group.Both groups demonstrated significant improvements in MLS,MAS,BMS,FMA,MBI,and GS scores compared to pre-treatment levels,with all differences being statistically significant(P<0.05).Following treatment,intergroup comparisons also revealed statistically significant differences in all mea-sured indicators(P<0.05).The total effective rate was higher in the observation group(91.7%)than in the control group(82.6%),and the difference in efficacy grades between the two groups was statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusions"Tongdu Tiaoshen"acupuncture,when combined with hand function training,demonstrates signifi-cantly greater efficacy than hand function rehabilitation training alone in improving post-cerebral infarction hand dysfunction.It enhances grip strength and fine motor coordination of the affected limb,alleviates hand muscle spasticity and joint stiffness,and promotes recovery of upper limb motor function,thereby improving patients'activities of daily living.This integrated therapeutic approach warrants further clinical validation and in-depth research for broader implementation.

Objective:To establish a highly-sensitive method for the rapid measurement of 137Cs in seawater with an view to its preliminary application in eight coastal provinces of China. Methods:The method employed nickel potassium polyacrylonitrile (KNiFC-PAN), an organic polymer-based ion exchanged resin material, to filter and adsorb 137Cs from seawater at a rate of 60 ml/min via a peristaltic pump. The adsorption efficiency of KNiFC-PAN was determined by measuring the cesium ion concentration before and after adsorption in seawater, with the addition of stable cesium, using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Three KNiFC-PAN matrix components of 137Cs standard samples were prepared for the efficiency calibration of well type high purity germanium gamma spectrometer to obtain its detection efficiency. Results:The established measuring method can complete the filtration and adsorption of 137Cs from 20 L seawater within 6-8 h, which was twice as fast as the co-precipitation method with phosphomolybdic acid-ammonium molybdate taking more than 12 h, as stipulated in the GB/T 16145-2022 standard. The cesium recovery rate was as high as 98.02%. The relative standard deviation of the efficiency calibration result for the three prepared standard samples was 1.30%, and the detection limit for 137Cs was 0.26 Bq/m 3. The activity concentrations of 137Cs in offcoast seawater in eight coastal provinces of China were detected ranging from 0.38 to 1.24 Bq/m 3. The activity concentration of 137Cs in coastal seawater of China was at the background level, while as reported in 2019 was 0.03-1.92 Bq/m 3 in the eastern Chinese seas and 1-2 Bq/m 3 in the Pacific Ocean. Conclusions:This method has high detection sensitivity and can quickly obtain the values of activity concentration of 137Cs in seawater, thus providing a rapid and feasible method for emergency monitoring of 137Cs in China.

Emerging evidence suggests that dysbiosis of the gut microbiota is associated with the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD), a prevalent neurodegenerative disorder. The microbiota-gut-brain axis plays a crucial role in the development and progression of PD, and numerous studies have demonstrated the potential therapeutic benefits of modulations in the intestinal microbiota. This review provides insights into the characterization of the gut microbiota in patients with PD and highlights associations with clinical symptoms and underlying mechanisms. The discussion underscores the increased influence of the gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of PD. While the relationship is not fully elucidated, existing research demonstrates a strong correlation between changes in the composition of gut microbiota and disease development, and further investigation is warranted to explain the specific underlying mechanisms.
Humans ; Parkinson Disease/microbiology* ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome/physiology* ; Dysbiosis/microbiology*

Background/Aims: Metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is a chronic liver disease characterized by hepatic steatosis. Ubiquitin-specific protease 29 (USP29) plays pivotal roles in hepatic ischemiareperfusion injury and hepatocellular carcinoma, but its role in MASLD remains unexplored. Therefore, the aim of this study was to reveal the effects and underlying mechanisms of USP29 in MASLD progression. Methods: USP29 expression was assessed in liver samples from MASLD patients and mice. The role and molecular mechanism of USP29 in MASLD were assessed in high-fat diet-fed and high-fat/high-cholesterol diet-fed mice and palmitic acid and oleic acid treated hepatocytes. Results: USP29 protein levels were significantly reduced in mice and humans with MASLD. Hepatic steatosis, inflammation and fibrosis were significantly exacerbated by USP29 deletion and relieved by USP29 overexpression. Mechanistically, USP29 significantly activated the expression of genes related to fatty acid β-oxidation (FAO) under metabolic stimulation, directly interacted with long-chain acyl-CoA synthase 5 (ACSL5) and repressed ACSL5 degradation by increasing ACSL5 K48-linked deubiquitination. Moreover, the effect of USP29 on hepatocyte lipid accumulation and MASLD was dependent on ACSL5. Conclusions USP29 functions as a novel negative regulator of MASLD by stabilizing ACSL5 to promote FAO. The activation of the USP29-ACSL5 axis may represent a potential therapeutic strategy for MASLD.

Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy of"Tongdu Tiaoshen"acupuncture combined with hand function rehabilitation training in patients with hand dysfunction following cerebral infarction.Methods A total of 104 patients were randomly assigned to either the observation group(receiving"Tongdu Tiaoshen"acupunc-ture combined with hand function rehabilitation training)or the control group(undergoing hand function rehabilita-tion training alone),with 52 patients in each group.Both groups underwent a 4-week treatment regimen.The following outcome measures were assessed pre-and post-treatment:Modified Ashworth Scale(MAS),Modified Lindmark Scale(MLS),Brunnstrom Motor Function Score(BMS)for upper limbs,Fugl-Meyer Assessment(FMA)of upper limb motor function,Modified Barthel Index(MBI),and grip strength(GS).Adverse events were docu-mented,and the clinical efficacy in each group was evaluated by calculating the effective rate.Results After excluding dropouts,a total of 94 cases were included in the final statistical analysis,with 48 cases assigned to the observation group and 46 to the control group.Both groups demonstrated significant improvements in MLS,MAS,BMS,FMA,MBI,and GS scores compared to pre-treatment levels,with all differences being statistically significant(P<0.05).Following treatment,intergroup comparisons also revealed statistically significant differences in all mea-sured indicators(P<0.05).The total effective rate was higher in the observation group(91.7%)than in the control group(82.6%),and the difference in efficacy grades between the two groups was statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusions"Tongdu Tiaoshen"acupuncture,when combined with hand function training,demonstrates signifi-cantly greater efficacy than hand function rehabilitation training alone in improving post-cerebral infarction hand dysfunction.It enhances grip strength and fine motor coordination of the affected limb,alleviates hand muscle spasticity and joint stiffness,and promotes recovery of upper limb motor function,thereby improving patients'activities of daily living.This integrated therapeutic approach warrants further clinical validation and in-depth research for broader implementation.