Objective To analyze the clinical diagnostic value of whole-body bone imaging combined with serum N-terminal osteo-calcin(N-Osrteoc)and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2(VEGFR2)for evaluating bone metastasis in elderly patients with lung cancer.Methods General data of 100 elderly patients with lung cancer diagnozed for the first time at Tianjin Hospital between December 2021 and December 2023 were retrospectively collected.Based on the pathological results,the patients were separated into a lung cancer bone metastasis group of 42 cases and a lung cancer non-bone metastasis group of 58 cases.Serum N-Osrteoc and VEGFR2 levels were detected by using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).All patients underwent whole-body bone imaging using SPECT diagnostic equipment.Receiver operator characteristic(ROC)curve analysis was performed to determine the diagnostic value of serum N-Osrteoc,VEGFR2,and whole-body bone imaging for lung cancer bone metastasis.Furthermore,Kappa test was performed to analyze the consistency between different examination methods for diagnozing lung cancer bone metastasis and pathological diagnosis results.Results The serum N-Osrteoc and VEGFR2 levels in the bone metastasis group were significantly higher than those in the non-bone metastasis group(P＜0.05).The area under the curve(AUC)for serum N-Osrteoc and VEGFR2 levels,whole-body bone imaging,and their combination for diagnozing lung cancer bone metastasis were 0.847,0.846,0.907,and 0.956,respectively.Furthermore,com-pared with the pathological results,the numbers of false-positive cases were 14,19,8,and 1,those of false-negative cases were 7,7,2,and 3,and the Kappa values were 0.579,0.487,0.799,and 0.917,respectively(P＜0.05).The specificity of whole-body bone imaging combined with serum N-Osrteoc and VEGFR2 in diagnozing lung cancer bone metastasis was significantly higher than alone(P＜0.05).Conclusion The combination of whole-body bone imaging and serum N-Osrteoc and VEGFR2 levels is of great significance for early diagnosis of bone metastasis in elderly patients with lung cancer.This combined diagnosis has high sensitivity and specificity and can be widely used in clinical practice.

Objective To investigate the the effects of fracture fragment size and fixation method on biomechanical stability of distal tibial epiphyseal injuries in children.Methods A three-dimensional(3D)finite element model of a Salter-Harris Ⅱ(SH-Ⅱ)epiphyseal injury with fracture fragments of varying sizes(Small,Middle,Big)was constructed using computed tomography(CT)data from the lower limb of a 10-year-old volunteer.and bone-internal fixation assemblies were created with 1-3 screws(1 S group,2 S group,3 S group)and Kirschner wire(K group).The model was subjected to gravitational forces,posterior drawer forces,and external rotation.Displacement and stress distributions on fracture fragments and fixation devices were analyzed.Results The maximum displacement for the four groups of models was concentrated at the distal end of the fracture fragment.Under gravity conditions,the maximum displacement of the distal end of the fracture fragment in the 1 S,2 S,3 S and K models in Small group was 5.69,5.57,5.56,0.11 mm,respectively,and the bone stress was 16.95,12.26,8.57 and 5.00 MPa,respectively.A high stress area at the epiphyseal plate and the fracture line was easily formed under screw fixation,while a high stress area at the edge of the epiphyseal plate was formed under Kirschner wire fixation.Conclusions When distal tibial epiphyseal injuries in children are treated by using screws,increasing the number of screws can improve the fixation stability and share local bone stress,but the connection area between the fracture fragment and the epiphyseal plate cannot be too small.Kirschner wire fixation can provide better biomechanical effects than screw fixation.

Objective To analyze the clinical diagnostic value of whole-body bone imaging combined with serum N-terminal osteo-calcin(N-Osrteoc)and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2(VEGFR2)for evaluating bone metastasis in elderly patients with lung cancer.Methods General data of 100 elderly patients with lung cancer diagnozed for the first time at Tianjin Hospital between December 2021 and December 2023 were retrospectively collected.Based on the pathological results,the patients were separated into a lung cancer bone metastasis group of 42 cases and a lung cancer non-bone metastasis group of 58 cases.Serum N-Osrteoc and VEGFR2 levels were detected by using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).All patients underwent whole-body bone imaging using SPECT diagnostic equipment.Receiver operator characteristic(ROC)curve analysis was performed to determine the diagnostic value of serum N-Osrteoc,VEGFR2,and whole-body bone imaging for lung cancer bone metastasis.Furthermore,Kappa test was performed to analyze the consistency between different examination methods for diagnozing lung cancer bone metastasis and pathological diagnosis results.Results The serum N-Osrteoc and VEGFR2 levels in the bone metastasis group were significantly higher than those in the non-bone metastasis group(P＜0.05).The area under the curve(AUC)for serum N-Osrteoc and VEGFR2 levels,whole-body bone imaging,and their combination for diagnozing lung cancer bone metastasis were 0.847,0.846,0.907,and 0.956,respectively.Furthermore,com-pared with the pathological results,the numbers of false-positive cases were 14,19,8,and 1,those of false-negative cases were 7,7,2,and 3,and the Kappa values were 0.579,0.487,0.799,and 0.917,respectively(P＜0.05).The specificity of whole-body bone imaging combined with serum N-Osrteoc and VEGFR2 in diagnozing lung cancer bone metastasis was significantly higher than alone(P＜0.05).Conclusion The combination of whole-body bone imaging and serum N-Osrteoc and VEGFR2 levels is of great significance for early diagnosis of bone metastasis in elderly patients with lung cancer.This combined diagnosis has high sensitivity and specificity and can be widely used in clinical practice.

Objective To investigate the the effects of fracture fragment size and fixation method on biomechanical stability of distal tibial epiphyseal injuries in children.Methods A three-dimensional(3D)finite element model of a Salter-Harris Ⅱ(SH-Ⅱ)epiphyseal injury with fracture fragments of varying sizes(Small,Middle,Big)was constructed using computed tomography(CT)data from the lower limb of a 10-year-old volunteer.and bone-internal fixation assemblies were created with 1-3 screws(1 S group,2 S group,3 S group)and Kirschner wire(K group).The model was subjected to gravitational forces,posterior drawer forces,and external rotation.Displacement and stress distributions on fracture fragments and fixation devices were analyzed.Results The maximum displacement for the four groups of models was concentrated at the distal end of the fracture fragment.Under gravity conditions,the maximum displacement of the distal end of the fracture fragment in the 1 S,2 S,3 S and K models in Small group was 5.69,5.57,5.56,0.11 mm,respectively,and the bone stress was 16.95,12.26,8.57 and 5.00 MPa,respectively.A high stress area at the epiphyseal plate and the fracture line was easily formed under screw fixation,while a high stress area at the edge of the epiphyseal plate was formed under Kirschner wire fixation.Conclusions When distal tibial epiphyseal injuries in children are treated by using screws,increasing the number of screws can improve the fixation stability and share local bone stress,but the connection area between the fracture fragment and the epiphyseal plate cannot be too small.Kirschner wire fixation can provide better biomechanical effects than screw fixation.

Gliomas are the most common primary intracranial tumors in adults, among which high-grade glioma patients are characterized by short survival and poor prognosis. The diagnosis, treatment, evaluation of effective treatments, and prognosis prediction of high-grade gliomas are of great significance for improving patient survival. Conventional enhanced magnetic resonance imaging has deficiencies in delineating tumor extent, identifying tumor progression and treatment-related changes. Therefore, there is a broad consensus to incorporate amino acid PET, and ¹⁸F-FET PET inparticular, into the diagnostic and therapeutic process of high-grade gliomas. In this article, we review the new research progress of ¹⁸F-FET PET in the diagnosis and treatment of adult high-grade glioma in recent years.

This study employed Box-Behnken design combined with flux attenuation to explore the nanofiltration conditions for separation of alcohol precipitation liquid during the preparation of Reduning Injection and discussed the applicability of nanofiltration in the separation of the liquid with high-concentration ethanol. The effects of nanofiltration molecular weight cut-off(MWCO) and pH on the rejection of chlorogenic acid, 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid, and 4,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid were consistent with the principles of pore size sieving and charge effect, respectively. The rejection of the three phenolic acids was reduced by concentration polarization effect caused by trans-membrane pressure(TMP). The swelling of membrane surface decreased the pore size and membrane flux for effective separation. Chlorogenic acid and 4,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid were more sensitive to pH and ethanol concentration than 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid. A certain correlation existed between the compound structure and the separation factors of nanofiltration, and the separation rules were associated with the comprehensive effect of charge effect, pore size sieving, concentration polarization, steric hindrance and so on.
Chlorogenic Acid ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/chemistry* ; Ethanol ; Injections

Objective:To compare the application effects of high-definition two-dimensional (HD-2D) and glasses-free three-dimensional (GF-3D) display systems in thoracoscopy teaching.Methods:A total of 40 clinical medicine interns with no surgical experience from The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University were recruited and were required to participate in a 1-week training course of endoscopy. They were then randomly allocated to the HD-2D group and GF-3D group and asked to perform three tasks: peg transfer, circular cutting, and suture knotting. Their performance was measured with a system that scored speed and precision. SPSS 25.0 was used to conduct t-test, Pearson Chi-square test and Fisher exact test for the comparison. Results:The mean time for the peg transfer test in GF-3D group was shorter than that in HD-2D group, without statistically significant difference [(63.20±21.11) s vs. (71.15± 17.26) s, P = 0.212]. The mean time for the circular cutting test in GF-3D group was shorter than that in HD-2D group, without statistically significant difference [(112.50±16.67) s vs. (118.15±24.43) s, P=0.410]. The mean time for the suture knotting test in GF-3D group was shorter than that in HD-2D group, with statistically significant difference [(301.50±32.77) s vs. (341.75±57.23) s, P=0.019]. The total score in GF-3D group was higher than that in HD-2D group, with statistically significant difference [(78.33±5.88) points vs. (72.08±6.83) points, P=0.005]. Conclusion:The GF-3D display system is clearly superior to the HD-2D system because it reduces the surgical learning curve, and is therefore suitable for basic teaching and skills training.

Objective:To explore the relationship between CD24 expression in preoperative peripheral blood as well as cancer tissue and clinical parameters and prognosis in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after liver transplantation (LT).Methods:From November 2018 to November 2019, clinical data were collected for 65 HCC patients and 41 patients with benign liver disease.The preoperative peripheral blood level of CD24 was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and the expression of CD24 in cancerous foci and adjacent tissues examined by immunohistochemistry.Kaplan-Meier survival curves of differential CD24 expression were plotted and survival differences compared by Log-rank method.One-way ANOVA was utilized for examining the relationship between the expression level of CD24 and various clinicopathological parameters and multivariate Cox analysis for screening independent risk factors affecting patient prognosis.Results:The concentration of CD24 in preoperative peripheral blood (p-CD24) of HCC patients (6.51±2.33 μg/L) was significantly higher than that of patients with benign liver disease (4.10±0.91) μg/L, P<0.05.The positive rate of CD24 was obviously higher in cancerous tissues than that in adjacent tissues (87.7% vs. 4.6%, P<0.05). The peripheral blood level of CD24 was positively correlated with the expression intensity of CD24 in tumor tissues (t-CD24, r=0.570, P<0.001). The expression of CD24 (both in blood and cancer foci) was significantly correlated with preoperative level of gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), maximal tumor diameter, microvascular invasion, portal vein tumor thrombus, vessel carcinoma embolus and satellite focus ( P<0.05). The expression of CD24 in patients exceeding the Milan/UCSF criteria was higher than those fulfilling the criteria ( P<0.005). Patients with a higher expression of CD24 had worse overall survival and recurrence-free survival rates as compared to those a lower expression of CD24 ( P<0.05). Multivariate Cox analysis indicated that t-CD24 [OS: HR=3.661(1.005-13.333)], P=0.049; recurrence-free survival (RFS): [HR=4.331(1.887-9.942), P=0.001] and preoperative level of alpha fetoprotein (AFP) [OS: HR=4.900(1.590-15.097), P=0.006]; RFS: [HR=3.414(1.614-7.221), P=0.001] were independent risk factors for overall survival and recurrence-free survival in HCC patients undergoing LT. Conclusions:The preoperative peripheral blood level of CD24 in HCC patients undergoing LT indirectly reflects the expression of CD24 in cancerous tissues to a certain extent.And the expression of CD24 in cancerous tissue is one of the independent risk factors affecting OS and RFS of LT patients.

Objective To study the effect of epigallocatechin-3-gallate(EGCG) on acute pancreatitis associated lung injury (APALI) in mice.Methods The balb/c mice were randomly divided into three groups:control group,model group and experimental group.APALI model mice were induced by intraperitoneal injection of crulein (50 μg · kg-1 body weight) in 0.9％ NaCl solution once per hour for 7 times.In control group,mice were only received the same volume of 0.9％ NaCl without caerulein.In experimental group,EGCG (25 mg· kg-1) was injected in abdomen at 1,3 and 6 h after the induction of APALI.Mice from each group were killed,then the correlated indexes were evaluated at 24 h after the induction of APALI.The levels of anylase,tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α),malondialdehyde (MDA) in serum and nuclear factor of kappa B (NF-кB) activity in lung tissue were determined.Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining was performed to evaluate the morphologic changes in animal lung.Results Levels of amylase in experimental group,model group and control group were (3613.21 ± 351.87),(4720.43 ± 672.24),(895.41 ± 107.18) U · L-1;MDA levels in the three groups were (13.06 ±0.11),(15.49 ±0.40),(4.26 ±0.69) mmol · mL-1;TNF-αt levels in the three groups were (59.83 ± 14.74),(83.29 ±24.10),(24.76 ± 10.24) pg · L-1;expression of NF-κB in the three groups were 0.38 ± 0.14,0.55 ± 0.12,0.14 ± 0.09;Histopathological scores in the three groups were (3.47 ± 1.20),(6.54 ±0.51),(0.21 ±0.07) point.Compared with control group,the differences of the factors in model group were statistically significant (all P ＜0.05).Compared with model group,the differences of the factors in experimental group were statistically significant (all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion EGCG can ameliorate inflammation in pancreases and lungs through inhibition of NF-κB signaling pathways and improvement of oxygen free radical scavenging.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the antibacterial efficacy of KaVo KEY laser on Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) within infected root canals and roots surface in vitro.

METHODSFifty single-rooted teeth were selected, and infected root canals and roots surface vitro models were prepared. Then, these specimens were divided into three groups. First group were untreated as blank control. The other two groups were the laser groups: Irradiated 15 s and 30 s respectively with 80 mJ and 140 mJ in root canals and on roots surface. Microbiological samples were collected from root canals and roots surface at two time points (before irrigation and immediately after irrigation). The dentin chips from three different zone of part of root canals in each group were immediately collected and were cultured for 24 h in brain heart infusion (BHI).

RESULTSThe number of E. faecalis in root canal and root surface in each of the groups were effectively reduced (P < 0.05), and there was no significant difference between each two groups (P > 0.05). Compared with the blank control, the bacterial number in 100 microm of dental tubules decreased after specimens treated with 80 mJ, and the experimental group irradiated 15 s was a significant decease (P < 0.05). The other groups were no changed in different zone of dental tubules.

CONCLUSIONKaVo KEY laser is effective on sterilizing infected root canals and roots surface. It has also significant effect on bacterial in superficial dental tubules with low energy and short time.