Emerging evidence suggests that dysbiosis of the gut microbiota is associated with the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD), a prevalent neurodegenerative disorder. The microbiota-gut-brain axis plays a crucial role in the development and progression of PD, and numerous studies have demonstrated the potential therapeutic benefits of modulations in the intestinal microbiota. This review provides insights into the characterization of the gut microbiota in patients with PD and highlights associations with clinical symptoms and underlying mechanisms. The discussion underscores the increased influence of the gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of PD. While the relationship is not fully elucidated, existing research demonstrates a strong correlation between changes in the composition of gut microbiota and disease development, and further investigation is warranted to explain the specific underlying mechanisms.
Humans ; Parkinson Disease/microbiology* ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome/physiology* ; Dysbiosis/microbiology*

The healing of the tendon-bone interface is a complex dynamic process involving the interaction of multiple cellular and molecular signaling pathways. Bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) have the potential to differentiate into various types of cells, including osteoblasts, chondrocytes and adipocytes, etc., and have the potential to regenerate damaged tissues. They are potential seed cells for promoting tendon-bone healing. How to precisely regulate the proliferation and differentiation of BMSCs to accelerate the process of tendon-bone healing is a current research hotspot. Monomers of traditional Chinese medicine can promote tendon-bone healing by regulating signaling pathways such as Wnt/β-catenin and BMP/Smad to induce osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation of BMSCs. This article reviews from several aspects such as the regulatory role of related signaling pathways on tendine-bone healing, traditional Chinese medicine monomers and their mechanism of regulating BMSCs to promote tendine-bone healing in order to providing new ideas for promoting tendine-bone healing.
Mesenchymal Stem Cells/cytology* ; Humans ; Animals ; Bone Marrow Cells/cytology* ; Bone and Bones/drug effects* ; Wound Healing/drug effects* ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Tendons/drug effects* ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology* ; Signal Transduction/drug effects* ; Cell Differentiation/drug effects*

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the short-to-medium-term clinical efficacy of total hip arthroplasty(THA) with Pinnacle ES constrained liner in the treatment of femoral neck fractures(FNF) associated with lower limb neuromuscular disorders. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 16 patients who underwent primary THA using Pinnacle ES constrained liner for FNF with lower limb neuromuscular disorders and had complete follow-up data, treated between January 2020 and January 2023. There were 7 males and 9 females, with a mean age of (68.42±3.58) years old ranging from 61 to 75 years old. Among them, 10 cases had left-sided fractures and 6 had right-sided fractures;based on the Garden classification, 11 cases were type Ⅲ and 5 cases were type Ⅳ. The affected limbs were complicated with sequelae of poliomyelitis (2 cases), Parkinson's disease (2 cases), and sequelae of cerebral infarction (12 cases). All operations were performed via a posterolateral approach. Prosthesis position was evaluated using imaging data. Hip function was assessed by the Harris hip score(HHS) and Merle D'Aubigne hip score. During the follow-up period, the occurrence of complications such as prosthetic dislocation, loosening, and infection was recorded. RESULTS: One patient died of advanced tumor 2 years after surgery, and the remaining 15 patients were followed up for 24 to 64 months with a mean of (34.8±5.5) months. The operation time ranged from 50 to 90 minutes with a mean of (75.56±8.15) minutes, and the blood loss ranged from 150 to 200 ml with a mean of (170.32±12.56) ml. All patients achieved primary wound healing after surgery. Intraoperatively, femoral calcar splitting occurred in 2 cases, which were treated with titanium cable binding;no neurovascular injuries were observed in any case. The mean HHS increased from (18.95±2.25) preoperatively to (88.02±2.42) at the last follow-up, and the mean Merle D'Aubigne Score increased from (3.05±0.06) preoperatively to (16.65±0.93) at the last follow-up. Postoperative follow-up X-rays showed good prosthetic position, and no complications such as dislocation, prosthetic loosening, periprosthetic fracture, or deep infection occurred during the follow-up period. CONCLUSION Total hip arthroplasty with Pinnacle ES constrained liner is effective in the treatment of femoral neck fractures associated with lower limb neuromuscular disorders. It can significantly improve hip function, reduce the postoperative prosthetic dislocation rate, provide good initial stability, and achieve satisfactory short-to-medium-term clinical efficacy.
Humans ; Male ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Aged ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip/methods* ; Femoral Neck Fractures/complications* ; Retrospective Studies ; Neuromuscular Diseases/surgery* ; Lower Extremity ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVE: To identify the key features of facial and tongue images associated with anemia in female populations, establish anemia risk-screening models, and evaluate their performance. METHODS: A total of 533 female participants (anemic and healthy) were recruited from Shuguang Hospital. Facial and tongue images were collected using the TFDA-1 tongue and face diagnosis instrument. Color and texture features from various parts of facial and tongue images were extracted using Face Diagnosis Analysis System (FDAS) and Tongue Diagnosis Analysis System version 2.0 (TDAS v2.0). Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) regression was used for feature selection. Ten machine learning models and one deep learning model (ResNet50V2 + Conv1D) were developed and evaluated. RESULTS: Anemic women showed lower a-values, higher L- and b-values across all age groups. Texture features analysis showed that women aged 30-39 with anemia had higher angular second moment (ASM)and lower entropy (ENT) values in facial images, while those aged 40-49 had lower contrast (CON), ENT, and MEAN values in tongue images but higher ASM. Anemic women exhibited age-related trends similar to healthy women, with decreasing L-values and increasing a-, b-, and ASM-values. LASSO identified 19 key features from 62. Among classifiers, the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model achieved the best performance [area under the curve (AUC): 0.849, accuracy: 0.781]. The ResNet50V2 model achieved comparable results [AUC: 0.846, accuracy: 0.818]. CONCLUSION Differences in facial and tongue images suggest that color and texture features can serve as potential TCM phenotype and auxiliary diagnostic indicators for female anemia.
Humans ; Female ; Tongue/diagnostic imaging* ; Adult ; Anemia/diagnosis* ; Middle Aged ; Face/diagnostic imaging* ; Young Adult ; Machine Learning

Objective To investigate the inhibitory effects of magnesium citrate(MgCit)on oxidative stress in chronic renal failure(CRF).Methods SD rats were divided into CRF model group,MgCit groups(375 and 750 mg/kg),normal control group,and MgCit control group(750 mg/kg).The morphology of mitochondria in thoracic artery vascular smooth muscle cells(VSMCs)was observed by transmission electron microscopy.The content of superoxide dismutase(SOD)and malonaldehyde(MDA)in rat aorta and plasma was detected by the kit.The VSMCs were divided into normal control group,CRF model group,and MgCit groups(1.5 and 3 mmol/L).The levels of superoxide anion(DHE)and apoptosis were quantitatively detected by flow cytometry.Results Compared with the control groups,the mitochondria were swollen and the cristae fractured or disappeared in the model group;MgCit intervention could reduce mitochondrial swelling,but not cristae fracture.In the model group,SOD level in aorta and plasma decreased(P＜0.05)while MDA level increased(P＜0.05).MgCit intervention could increase SOD in aorta and plasma,but decrease MDA level(P＜0.05).In the CRF environment,the DHE content of VSMCs and apoptosis in CRF model group increased(P＜0.05).MgCit intervention could decrease DHE content and inhibit apoptosis(P＜0.05).Conclusion MgCit inhibits oxidative stress levels in vivo and in vitro in CRF.

Objective To explore the association between visceral adiposity index(VAI)and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)in lean population and the predictive value of VAI.Methods A total of 2 576 healthy subjects,body mass index(BMI)＜24 kg/m2,from The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University from June 2020 to May 2021 were randomly included and divided into lean NAFLD(n=213)and healthy control group(n=2 363).According to the VAI quartiles,they were divided into Q1-Q4 groups from low to high.The differences in biochemical parameters and the prevalence of NAFLD were compared among groups.The correlation between VAI and lean NAFLD was analyzed with restricted cubic spline(RCS),and the predictive value of VAI was explored by Logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve.Results A total of 2 576 participants were included,and the prevalence of lean NAFLD was 8.3％(213 cases).The mean age,male ratio,BMI and waist circumference(WC)from group Q1 to group Q4 were significantly increased in a dose-response relationship(all P＜0.001).Compared with those in group Q1,systolic blood pressure,diastolic blood pressure,white blood cell count,hemoglobin concentration,alanine aminotransferase,aspartate aminotransferase,γ-glutamyl transpeptidase,alkaline phosphatase,total cholesterol,triglyceride,low-density lipoprotein cholesterol,blood uric acid,and fasting blood glucose levels in groups Q2 to Q4 were significantly increased,while direct bilirubin and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were gradually decreased(both P＜0.001).The prevalence rate of NAFLD in groups Q1-Q4 was 0.6％,3.3％,7.0％and 22.2％,respectively(P＜0.001).RCS showed that the risk of NAFLD in lean population rose significantly with the increase of VAI(P＜0.001),and there was a nonlinear relationship between them(P for nonlinear＜0.001).Logistic regression showed that after adjusting other confounding factors,the risk of lean NAFLD in groups Q2,Q3 and Q4 was still 2.926 times(95％CI:0.971-8.811),3.435 times(95％CI:1.154-10.230),and 5.920 times(95％CI:1.873-18.719)that Q1 group.ROC curve showed that VAI had a good predictive value for lean NAFLD,with area under the curve of 0.815,critical value of 1.532,diagnostic sensitivity of 77.9％and specificity of 72.8％,which were better than BMI and WC.Conclusion VAI is significantly associated with the risk of NAFLD in lean population,and thus has a good predictive value.It can be used for early screening and diagnosis of lean NAFLD.

Objective: To explore the relationship between dieting and binge eating with non suicidal self-injury (NSSI) among secondary vocational school students, so as to provide a scientific basis for the development of effective interventions to prevent NSSI. Methods: From October to December 2023, 2 364 students were selected by stratified cluster random sampling method from nine secondary vocational schools in Guizhou Province to conduct a self administered questionnaire survey. Unconditional binary Logisitic regression was used to analyze the relationship between dieting, binge eating behaviours, and the co-occurrence of the two and NSSI among secondary vocational school students, and were stratified by sex. Results: The detection rate of NSSI among secondary vocational school students in Guizhou Province was 27.5%, 6.8% of secondary vocational school students reported dieting, 10.5% reported binge eating behaviour, and 2.9% showed both dieting and binge eating behaviours. The adjusted model of unconditional binary Logistic regression showed that the presence of dieting ( OR =2.37), binge eating behaviour ( OR =2.31), and the co-occurrence of both ( OR =2.60) were associated with higher risk of NSSI among secondary vocational school students; stratified analysis by gender showed that both males and females with dieting, binge eating and coexistence of dieting and binge eating behaviours were at increased risk of NSSI (females: OR =2.27, 2.26, 2.78 ; males: OR =2.15, 2.08, 2.02) ( P <0.01). Conclusions Dieting and binge eating behavior of secondary vocational school students will increase the risk of NSSI. When preventing and intervening NSSI problems of secondary vocational school students, it should pay more attention to eating habits.

Objective To investigate the association of triglyceride-glucose index(TyG)with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)and its diagnostic value for NAFLD in non-obese individuals.Methods We retrospectively collected the data of non-obese individuals(BMI<25 kg/m2)undergoing routine health examination at Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University between May,2020 and December,2023,who all received abdominal ultrasound examination for NAFLD screening.The nonlinear relationship between TyG and non-obese NAFLD was explored using restricted cubic splines(RCS),and LASSO regression was used for variable screening;the correlation between TyG and NAFLD risk was analyzed using multivariate logistic regression.The diagnostic value of TyG for non-obese NAFLD was assessed using receiver-operating characteristic(ROC)curves and sensitivity analysis.Results A total of 3723 non-obese subjects were enrolled in this study,including 432(11.6%)patients with NAFLD.Compared with the healthy individuals,the patients with NAFLD had significant elevations of systolic and diastolic blood pressures,total cholesterol,triglycerides,LDL-C,blood uric acid,fasting blood glucose,and TyG index and a decreased HDL-C level(P<0.05).Multivariate logistic regression revealed that for each one-unit increase of TyG,the risk of non-obese NAFLD increased by 2.2 folds(OR=3.22,95%CI:2.53-4.12,P<0.001).Compared with a TyG index in the lowest quartile Q1,a TyG index in the Q2,Q3 and Q4 quartiles was associated with an increased risk of NAFLD by 1.52 folds(OR=2.52,95%CI:1.20-5.95),3.56 folds(OR=4.56,95%CI:2.28-10.46),and 8.66-folds(OR=9.66,95%CI:4.83-22.18),respectively.The RCS curve demonstrated a significant linear correlation between TyG index and non-obese NALFD risk(P for nonlinear=0.019).For diagnosing non-obese NALFD,TyG index had an area under ROC curve of 0.819 with a sensitivity of 78.0%and a specificity of 71.2%.Conclusion An increase of TyG index is correlated with increased risks of NAFLD in non-obese individuals and can serve as an indicator for screening early NAFLD in healthy individuals.

Objective To investigate the association of triglyceride-glucose index(TyG)with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)and its diagnostic value for NAFLD in non-obese individuals.Methods We retrospectively collected the data of non-obese individuals(BMI<25 kg/m2)undergoing routine health examination at Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University between May,2020 and December,2023,who all received abdominal ultrasound examination for NAFLD screening.The nonlinear relationship between TyG and non-obese NAFLD was explored using restricted cubic splines(RCS),and LASSO regression was used for variable screening;the correlation between TyG and NAFLD risk was analyzed using multivariate logistic regression.The diagnostic value of TyG for non-obese NAFLD was assessed using receiver-operating characteristic(ROC)curves and sensitivity analysis.Results A total of 3723 non-obese subjects were enrolled in this study,including 432(11.6%)patients with NAFLD.Compared with the healthy individuals,the patients with NAFLD had significant elevations of systolic and diastolic blood pressures,total cholesterol,triglycerides,LDL-C,blood uric acid,fasting blood glucose,and TyG index and a decreased HDL-C level(P<0.05).Multivariate logistic regression revealed that for each one-unit increase of TyG,the risk of non-obese NAFLD increased by 2.2 folds(OR=3.22,95%CI:2.53-4.12,P<0.001).Compared with a TyG index in the lowest quartile Q1,a TyG index in the Q2,Q3 and Q4 quartiles was associated with an increased risk of NAFLD by 1.52 folds(OR=2.52,95%CI:1.20-5.95),3.56 folds(OR=4.56,95%CI:2.28-10.46),and 8.66-folds(OR=9.66,95%CI:4.83-22.18),respectively.The RCS curve demonstrated a significant linear correlation between TyG index and non-obese NALFD risk(P for nonlinear=0.019).For diagnosing non-obese NALFD,TyG index had an area under ROC curve of 0.819 with a sensitivity of 78.0%and a specificity of 71.2%.Conclusion An increase of TyG index is correlated with increased risks of NAFLD in non-obese individuals and can serve as an indicator for screening early NAFLD in healthy individuals.

Boron neutron capture therapy(BNCT)is a radiotherapy modality based on nuclear capture and nuclear fission reactions.Boronophenylalanine(BPA)is a most widely tumor cell-selective boron carrier drug in the application of BNCT.Currently,many BPA-BNCT clinical trials have been conducted in treating brain tumors,melanoma,and head and neck tumors,which effectiveness has been confirmed to a certain extent.In order to improve the curative efficacy of BPA-BNCT,a number of studies have explored many kinds of treatment modalities included the combination of BPA and other boron-carrying drugs,the combination of BPA-BNCT and chemotherapeutic agents or the combination of BPA-BNCT and radiation therapy,but it is still questionable in terms of the prognostic improvement ability of the above treatment modalities on patients with tumors.At present,the development of BPA-BNCT is limited by boron-carrying drugs and neutron equipment,but the applied prospect of BNCT is very broad with the development of the third-generation boron-carrying drugs and the success of the construction of accelerator-based BNCT(AB-BNCT).This paper reviewed the new progress of BPA-BNCT in clinical research for multiple malignant tumors,and explored the facing opportunities and challenges of BNCT in clinical research.