Aluminum adjuvants are widely used in the field of vaccines due to their ability to induce efficient and long-lasting immune responses and good safety profile. With the development of immunology, the requirements for adjuvants have gradually increased, and traditional aluminum adjuvants can no longer meet all the needs of application. The development of novel aluminum adjuvants has become a hot research topic in order to achieve good immunity-enhancing effects and induce specific types and strengths of immune responses. This review briefly introduces the mechanism of action and safety of aluminum adjuvants, with focus on the research progress of novel aluminum adjuvants in recent years, mainly including nano-aluminum adjuvants and composite aluminum adjuvants (aluminum adjuvants compounded with immunity-stimulating molecules or delivery carriers), and a prospect of their future research direction, aiming to provide some reference for the further development and clinical application of aluminum adjuvants.

Objective:To develop and validate gas chromatographic methods for the determination of residual benzene in carbomer copolymer,carbomer homopolymer and carbomer interpolymer,to address the issues of the current method in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia in the actual detection process,such as low sensitivity and poor repeatability of benzene detection in the mixed reference solution,and to optimize and improve the current stand-ards for series of carbomer pharmaceutical excipients.Methods:Samples were separated on a column DB-624(30 m ×0.530 mm,3.00 μm)with temperature programming,the inlet temperature of 140 ℃,the detector tem-perature of 250 ℃,and the split ratio of 5∶1.The external standard method was adopted for the quantitative deter-mination of residual benzene.Results:The linearity was great across the range of 0.04-1.00 μg·mL-1(r=0.996 8),the injection precision of benzene was 6.8％(n=6),and the average recovery rate was 96.89％(RSD=8.1％,n=9).Conclusion:The gas chromatographic method established in this research is more specif-ic,with higher accuracy and precision compared to the current method in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia.This optimized method is more suitable for the determination of residual benzene content in carbomer copolymer,car-bomer homopolymer and carbomer interpolymer,providing reference and guidance for the quality management and the control of carbomer.

Objective To evaluate the effect of acupuncture at Yin Wei point on postoperative nausea and vomiting(PONV)in female patients undergoing abdominal surgery.The clinical efficacy of postoperative nausea and vomiting(PONV)and its impact on gut microbiota.Methods This study included 184 patients who underwent gynecological laparoscopic surgery in Jinhua Central Hospital from January 2021 to April 2024.They were randomly divided into control group(n=93)and acupuncture group(n=91)using a random number method.At the completion of surgery,the control group received intravenous injection of 5mg of tropisetron hydrochloride.In acupuncture group,on the basis of control group,intervention was performed by needling the palmar Yin Wei points of both forearms for 30 minutes before surgery.The incidence and severity of PONV were compared between two groups of patients.In addition,fecal samples were collected from two groups of patients before and after surgery,and differential analysis of gut microbiota community structure was performed using 16S amplicon absolute quantitative sequencing technology.Results In the 0-24 hours after surgery,40 cases of the acupuncture group and 56 cases of control group experienced PONV.The acupuncture group's PONV incidence was lower than control group's(P＜0.05).The nausea severity of acupuncture group after surgery was significantly lower than that of control groups.The proportion of patients taking antiemetic drugs after surgery in acupuncture group was also significantly lower than that in control group(P＜0.05).Before surgery,the two groups have no significant difference regarding Chao1,ACE,Shannon,and Simpson indices(P＞0.05).After surgery,the acupuncture group's Chao1,ACE,and Shannon indices were significantly higher than control group's(P＜0.05).The Simpson scores of two groups of patients were compared after surgery,and no significant difference was found(P＞0.05).The Observed,Chao1,ACE,and Shannon indices were significantly higher in the acupuncture group after surgery than before(P＜0.05).The incidence of adverse reactions in acupuncture group and control group were 8.8％and 8.6％,respectively,and there was no statistical significance(P＞0.05).Conclusion Acupuncture at Yin Wei point combined with intravenous injection of tropisetron can reduce the incidence of PONV in patients undergoing gynecological laparoscopic surgery.

Objective:To evaluate the clinical efficacy of modified anterior subacromial approach plate internal fixation for three- or four-part valgus impacted proximal humeral fractures.Methods:A retrospective analysis of 35 patients treated between November 2018 and November 2021 at Fuzhou Second General Hospital was performed, including 15 males and 20 females aged 61.7±7.8 years (range: 40 to 73 years). Patients were classified under the Neer system; 17 had 3-part fractures and 18 had 4-part fractures. The modified approach accessed the fracture site via the natural interval of the deltoid anterior bundle, facilitating fracture reduction and fixation using a plate. Operative time, incision length, intraoperative fluoroscopy time, follow-up duration, Constant-Murley score, fracture healing time, visual analogue scale (VAS) for pain, and humeral neck-shaft angle were assessed. Intraoperative and postoperative complications were also recorded.Results:All patients underwent successful surgery, with an average incision length of 8.1±0.3 cm (range, 7.6-9.0 cm) and intraoperative fluoroscopy time of 6.6±0.3 seconds (3-part fractures: 6.3±0.2 s, 4-part fractures: 6.8±0.2 s, t=6.350, P<0.001). Follow-up averaged 22.1±5.8 months (range, 14-31 months). Fracture healing occurred in 11.8±1.4 weeks (range, 10-15 weeks). At the final assessment, the VAS score was 1.6±0.7 (range, 1-3), the Constant-Murley score was 89.6±2.9 (range, 84-95), and the humeral neck-shaft angle was 133.4°±3.1° (range, 128°-138°; 3-part fractures: 133.6°±3.5°, 4-part fractures: 133.3°±2.8°, t=0.288, P=0.075). No complications such as avascular necrosis of the humeral head, varus collapse of the fracture site, or axillary nerve injury were recorded. Conclusion:The modified anterior subacromial approach plate internal fixation is a minimally invasive, safe, and effective treatment for valgus impacted three- and four-part proximal humeral fractures, demonstrated by excellent surgical outcomes and absence of major complications.

Jingjin (muscle region of meridian) is a distal diagnosis and treatment system of the sinew/fascia disorders on the base of the concept of jin in TCM. Jin should be a particular palpable structure rather than a single anatomic structure with a specific distributing course. Yizhi weishu refers to a idea running through the whole process of diagnosis and treatment of sinew/fascia disorders, in which, the results, obtained by the overall observation and palpation of patient's sinew/fascia structure, are taken as the criteria of treatment. Yitong weishu (taking the sites of sensitivity or tenderness as the points) verifies this idea in practice. Under the guidance of yizhi weishu, through identifying the primary from the secondary, and regulating yin and yang, the spasticity and flaccidity of sinews/fascia can be cured and the induced diseases treated. The diagnosis and treatment system of jingjin, based on yizhi weishu, develops the original jingjin theory with vague concept involved, formulates a systematic thinking of treatment for sinew/fascia disorders and provides a new approach to clinical treatment.
Humans ; Meridians ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Muscle Spasticity

Abstract: Objective To analyze the epidemic characteristics and influencing factors of school influenza-like cases in 2011-2022 in Nanchang, so as to provide reference for the prevention and control of school influenza outbreaks. 　　　Methods The epidemiological relevant data of school influenza-like cases from 2011 to 2022 in Nanchang and the pathogen test results of respiratory tract samples were collected for epidemiological and etiology analysis. Results　From 2011 to 2022, a total of 142 influenza-like cases were reported in schools in Nanchang, with a cumulative morbidity of 2 880 cases and a morbidity rate of 1.89%. A total of 1 263 samples were collected, with an overall positive influenza nucleic acid detection rate of 58.91%. The highest proportion of outbreaks occurred in 2017-2019, while the lowest incidence was in 2011-2013. Outbreaks mainly occurred from November to March of the following year (accounting for 79.58%), presenting obvious seasonal characteristics. The distribution was mainly in primary schools, accounting for 70.42% (100/142) of all outbreaks. From 2011 to 2022, all types of influenza viruses were tested, and more than 2 types of influenza viruses were prevalent each year. The dominant strains alternated between influenza A H1N1, influenza A H3N2 and Victoria lineages of type B influenza viruses. From 2011 to 2019, the influenza epidemic in schools in Nanchang showed a continuous upward trend. During COVID-19 in 2020-2022, Nanchang adopted a variety of non-drug prevention and control measures for COVID-19, and both the number of influenza epidemics in various schools and the number of influenza virus nucleic acid positive cases decreased. The average number of classes involved in the epidemic was (3±2), and the average duration of the epidemic was (8±4) days. 　Conclusions The outbreaks of influenza-like illness in Nanchang schools is highly prevalent in winter and spring, , with urban primary schools being the high incidence locations. Non-drug prevention and control measures for COVID-19 have an impact on the epidemic trend of influenza, so the continuous monitoring of the school influenza virus activities and improving the timeliness of the report will be conducive to the rapid control of the epidemic.

Atractylodis Rhizoma is a kind of commonly used clinical Chinese medicine （TCM）， which was first recorded in Shennong Bencaojing （《神农本草经》）. At that time， it was called "Zhu"， which is the general name of Atractylodis Rhizoma and Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma. After Song dynasty， Atractylodis Rhizoma and Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma were separated. Atractylodis Rhizoma can be divided into Atractylodes lancea and A. chinensis. In history， A. lancea as authentic， that its quality is better than A. chinensis. However， the quality of Atractylodis Rhizoma was evaluated by the index component atractylodin in the 2020 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia. The general results showed that the content of atractylodin in A. lancea was low， even failed to meet the specified standard， and its content in A. chinensis was significantly higher than that in A. lancea. The results were inconsistent with the records of ancient books and documents， and the quality theory of "genuine medicine is the best". It could not reflect the quality advantage of genuine Atractylodis Rhizoma， and may even affect the clinical application and development momentum of genuine medicine. In short， the quality standard of TCM should not only conform to the historical experience， but also have the connotation of modern science and technology， which can stand the test of practice. Based on this， the author intends to sort out relevant laws and regulations， sort out the literature related to the authenticity， composition and efficacy of Atractylodis Rhizoma， and analyze the rationality of the current standard of Atractylodis Rhizoma by integrating the relevant records of historical classics and modern research results， so as to provide a basis for the improvement of the quality standard of Atractylodis Rhizoma.

Objective:To produce 161Tb from enriched 160Gd 2O 3 isotope-enriched target material and realize domestic production of the novel medical isotope 161Tb. Methods:The 160Gd 2O 3 isotope-enriched target material was irradiated with neutrons by the China Mianyang Research Reactor (CMRR). The no-carrier-added 161Tb product was obtained after the processes of target broken, sample dissolution, separation and purification with lanthanide (LN) resin and solution replacement with diglycolamide (DGA) column. Various key indicators such as γ spectral purity, metal impurity content, specific activity, radiochemical purity, and radioactive concentration were used to conduct the quality inspection and the control of 161Tb products. Results:161TbCl 3 of 33.4 GBq was obtained in a single time with the radioactive concentration of 16.8 GBq/ml, nuclear purity more than 99.9%, and radiochemical purity of 99.2%. Metal impurity content was met the established standards, with the specific activity of 6.02×10 17 Bq/mol. The radiochemical purities of 161Tb labeling with 1, 4, 7, 10-tetraazacyclododecane-1, 4, 7, 10-tetraacetic acid- D-Phe1-Tyr3-Thr8-octreotide (DOTATATE) after 0 and 72 h were 100% and 95.8% respectively. Conclusion:The preparation of no-carrier-added 161Tb by using LN resin has the advantages of high separation performance and high sample loading, which has great significance in the field of medical isotope preparation and lays a good nuclide guarantee for the research and development of domestic 161Tb-labeled drugs.

In vitro studies have established the prevalent theory that the mitochondrial kinase PINK1 protects neurodegeneration by removing damaged mitochondria in Parkinson's disease (PD). However, difficulty in detecting endogenous PINK1 protein in rodent brains and cell lines has prevented the rigorous investigation of the in vivo role of PINK1. Here we report that PINK1 kinase form is selectively expressed in the human and monkey brains. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated deficiency of PINK1 causes similar neurodegeneration in the brains of fetal and adult monkeys as well as cultured monkey neurons without affecting mitochondrial protein expression and morphology. Importantly, PINK1 mutations in the primate brain and human cells reduce protein phosphorylation that is important for neuronal function and survival. Our findings suggest that PINK1 kinase activity rather than its mitochondrial function is essential for the neuronal survival in the primate brains and that its kinase dysfunction could be involved in the pathogenesis of PD.

Accumulating epidemiological evidence shows that handgrip strength provides predictive potential in physical, mental, and reproductive health status. However, the associations between handgrip strength and semen characteristics have not been explored. We recruited 1382 eligible men at the Hubei Province Human Sperm Bank (Wuhan, China) who had their handgrip strength measured at recruitment and provided 6458 repeated semen specimens within a 6-month period. Semen characteristics, including semen volume, sperm motility parameters (immotility, nonprogressive motility, and progressive motility), and sperm concentration, were assessed. Mixed-effect models and restricted cubic spline functions were applied to investigate the relationship of handgrip strength with repeated measurements of semen characteristics. After adjusting for confounding factors, the mixed-effect models revealed that handgrip strength was positively associated with semen volume, sperm concentration, progressive motility, total motility, and total count (all P for trend < 0.05). Compared to men in the lowest quartile, those in the highest quartile of handgrip strength had higher semen volume, sperm concentration, progressive motility, total motility, and total count, with measurements of 14.2% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 5.9%-23.2%), 19.5% (95% CI: 7.3%‒33.1%), 9.5% (95% CI: 3.4%‒15.9%), 8.8% (95% CI: 3.2%‒14.6%), and 36.4% (95% CI: 18.9%‒56.5%), respectively. These positive dose-response relationships were further confirmed in restricted cubic splines, where handgrip strength was modeled as a continuous variable. Handgrip strength, as an indicator of muscular function and strength, was positively associated with semen characteristics in a dose-dependent manner.
Male ; Humans ; Semen ; Sperm Motility ; Hand Strength ; Sperm Count ; Semen Analysis ; Spermatozoa ; China/epidemiology*