An electronic cigarette (e-cigarette or vape) is a device designed to deliver nicotine and other chemicals to the lungs in the form of an aerosol. First invented in 2003, it was initially promoted as a safer alternative to traditional cigarettes. However, research has shown that e-cigarettes pose significant health risks.
The main components of e-cigarette liquids include propylene glycol, vegetable glycerin, flavorings, and usually nicotine. Nicotine is a highly addictive substance that affects the central nervous system and has harmful effects on the brain, cardiovascular system, and mental health. Usage among adolescents and women is rapidly increasing, raising serious public health concerns.
E-cigarettes negatively affect the respiratory, cardiovascular, and digestive systems. They can cause lung inflammation, heart dysfunction, oral diseases, and gastrointestinal issues. Long-term use increases the risk of cancer and chronic diseases.
Several factors contribute to the widespread use of e-cigarettes, especially among youth. These include peer influence, lack of awareness about health risks, appealing flavors, and easy accessibility. Therefore, preventive education and targeted interventions for young people are urgently needed. It is need to study the e cigarette consumption among youth and produce evidence for urgent and clear policy making. In that reason we are introducing a literature review using more than 50 sources published in various countries.