Background: Healthcare workers are at risk of obesity and sleep disorders due to workload and night-shift schedules. However, studies examining the relationship between obesity and sleep patterns among healthcare workers in Mongolia are relatively limited. Aim: To investigate the prevalence of obesity and its association with sleep patterns among healthcare workers in Bayanzurkh district. Materials and Methods: This analytical cross-sectional study was conducted among healthcare workers in Bayanzurkh district between October and December 2025. A total of 293 employees who met the inclusion criteria voluntarily participated in the study and responded to 51 questionnaire items assessing health behaviors and risks using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), which were developed collaboratively by the World Health Organization, the United Nations, and the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Participants’ height and weight were measured to determine body mass index (BMI), which was classified into six categories according to WHO criteria. Waist circumference was measured to assess central obesity. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 23.0, and associations were evaluated using correlation and ANOVA tests. Results: Among the participants, 83.3% were female and 37.9% were aged 25–34 years. Based on BMI classification, 40.6% had normal weight, 42.0% were overweight, and 15.4% were obese. Central obesity was observed in 63.3% of males and 67.6% of females. Among the participants, 56.7% reported sleeping 5–6 hours per night, and 67.2% consumed coffee or energy drinks to recover from sleep deprivation. According to the Insomnia Severity Index, 30.7% had normal sleep, 39.9% had mild insomnia, 23.5% had moderate insomnia, and 5.8% had severe insomnia. No statistically significant association was found between BMI and insomnia severity (p>0.05). However, longer sleep latency after going to bed and working night shifts were associated with increased insomnia severity (p<0.05). According to the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, 63.8% of participants had good sleep quality and 35.8% had poor sleep quality, and a very weak correlation was observed between sleep quality and BMI (r=0.135, p<0.05). Conclusion The prevalence of overweight and obesity among healthcare workers was found to be high. A very weak association was observed between BMI and sleep quality.

Background: Oral candidiasis, which is one of the most common diseases of the mucous membrane, is carried in the mouth of about 17-75% of healthy population. And 51-74% of this healthy population is asymptomatic. However, oral candidiasis is found in 50-65% of the individuals with dentures, is found in 67% of elders over 75 years old and is found in 85% of the patients with oral cancer. The most common causative organism is C.albicans with 43.7%, less commonly C.glabrata and C.tropicalis. According to some researches, the occurrence of the oral candidiasis has been increasing continuously for last 20-30 years, and has strong tendency to consistently increase for the 21st century. Methods: Total 50 patients were participated in this study, including; the patients with full denture from Department of Prosthodontics of The Dental Center of Ulaanbaatar, and patients with evident symptoms of candidiasis from Department of Neck and Head Surgery and Department of Radiation Therapy of National Cancer Center of Mongolia. The study was carried out by descriptive study type, based on the patients’ questionnaire survey, physical examination and laboratory tests. Results: The oral candidiasis causing pathogen Candida was found in 100% of following patients including; the patients with full denture and the patients having head and neck radiation therapy. For the patients with full denture, Candida albicans was the most commonly implicated organism with 53%, Candida tropicalis 21% and Candida krusei 11%. For the patients with radiation therapy for head and neck cancer, most common pathogen was Candida albicans with 64% and Candida tropicalis with 7%. Conclusions Main causative pathogens for the patients with full denture are C.albicans (53%), С.tropicalis (21%), and for the patients with radiotherapy for head and neck cancer is C. albicans (64%). 95% of the participants who were diagnosed with oral candidiasis were resistant to Colistin and 100% sensitive to Nystatin and Miconazole.

Hepatitis B (HBV) and C (HCV) are viral infections which can cause acute and chronic hepatitis and are the leading causes for hepatic cirrhosis and cancer, thus creating a significant burden to healthcare systems due to the high morbidity/mortality and costs of treatment. The risk of HBV infection in an unvaccinated person from a single HBV-infected needle stick injury ranges from 6–30. The prevention of HBV infection among HCWs has become a crucial issue. HBV can effectively be prevented by vaccination. A safe and effective HBV vaccine has been available since the 1980s and can prevent acute and chronic infection with an estimated effectivity of 95%. In 2017, the São Paulo Declaration on Hepatitis was launched at the World Hepatitis Summit 2017, calling upon governments to include hepatitis B vaccines for HCWs in national immunization programs. The vaccine is 95% effective in preventing infection and its chronic consequences and has an outstanding record of safety and effectiveness. Data on current hepatitis B vaccine coverage among HCWs in Mongolia is scarce. According to Azzaya et al, the protection level of the subjects was 67.2% >100 mIU/ml, 18.8%, 11-100 mIU/mL and 14.1%, 0-10 mIU/mL based on antibody titer level respectively among the vaccinated HCWs at the 2nd Central hospital. Thus, the HBV vaccination among public and private sector HCWs in Mongolia to inform the health authorities about the HCWs HBV vaccination status along with associated problems and challenges for further improving vaccination strategy among HCWs.