Objective: The NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome has been proposed to be a downstream mediator of neuroinflammation in individuals with Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, its involvement across disease stages and related synucleinopathies, such as multiple system atrophy (MSA), remains unclear. We aimed to analyze the peripheral mRNA expression of NLRP3-related genes and cytokines across individuals with isolated REM sleep behavior disorder (iRBD), early-stage PD, late-stage PD, and MSA. Methods: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were collected from 151 participants: 35 healthy controls (HCs), 31 patients with iRBD, 41 patients with early-stage PD, 21 patients with late-stage PD, and 23 patients with MSA. mRNA expression was measured using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Statistical comparisons were performed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) or Welch’s ANOVA, and associations with clinical variables were analyzed through stepwise multiple linear regression. Results: NLRP3 expression was significantly lower in patients with iRBD (p=0.0263) and patients with early-stage PD (p= 0.0101) than in HCs. NIMA-related kinase 7 (NEK7) expression progressively decreased across the disease spectrum (HCs vs. patients with early-stage PD, p=0.0008; vs. patients with late-stage PD, p<0.0001). In contrast, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain (ASC) and caspase-1 were elevated in patients with PD, especially those in the late stages. Levels of patients with MSA resembled those of HCs but differed from those of patients with PD. Interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18 levels were not significantly different. In patients with early-stage PD, NLRP3 expression was negatively correlated with disease duration, the Movement Disorder Society-Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale Part II score, and the cognitive score. Conclusion Our findings challenge the prevailing hypothesis that NLRP3 inflammasome activation directly contributes to PD pathogenesis. Instead, the observed increase in ASC and caspase-1 expression suggests the potential involvement of alternative inflammasome pathways during disease progression.

Objectives: The prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has increased, particularly among individuals who have recovered from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. Health literacy is considered a “social vaccine” that helps people respond effectively to the pandemic. We aimed to investigate the association between long COVID-19 and PTSD, and to examine the modifying role of health literacy in this association. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at 18 hospitals and health centers in Vietnamfrom December 2021 to October 2022. We recruited 4,463 individuals who had recovered from COVID-19 infection for at least 4 weeks. Participants provided information about their sociodemographics, clinical parameters, health-related behaviors, health literacy (usingthe 12-item short-form health literacy scale), long COVID-19 symptoms and PTSD (Impact Event Scale-Revised score of 33 or higher). Logistic regression models were used to examine associations and interactions. Results: Out of the study sample, 55.9% had long COVID-19 symptoms, and 49.6% had PTSD.Individuals with long COVID-19 symptoms had a higher likelihood of PTSD (odds ratio [OR], 1.86; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.63–2.12; p < 0.001). Higher health literacy was associated with a lower likelihood of PTSD (OR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.97–0.99; p = 0.001). Compared to those without long COVID-19 symptoms and the lowest health literacy score, those with long COVID-19 symptoms and a 1-point health literacy increment had a 3% lower likelihood of PTSD (OR, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.96–0.99; p = 0.001). Conclusion Health literacy was found to be a protective factor against PTSD and modified the negative impact of long COVID-19 symptoms on PTSD.

As part of our continued study on the chemical constituents of Willughbeia edulis stems, a new dimeric lignan named edulignan (1) was isolated from its EtOAc-soluble extract. Based on NMR spectroscopic interpretation, the planar structure of 1 has been suggested to have two 2-substituted 4-chromanone subunits with different stereochemical configurations. In addition, the MS/MS analysis of the products obtained by acidcatalyzed hydrolysis of 1 was supportive of its structure. Unfornatually, the new compound 1 did not show α-glucosidase inhibitory activity with an IC 50 value > 250 μM.

Background: S.pneumoniae is a significant cause of respiratory tract infections in children under 5 years old. More strains of S.pneumoniae show less susceptibility to penicillin, and antibiotic commonly used in the treatment of pneumococcal infections. Objectives: To identify the carriage prevalence and susceptibility to penicillin of S.pneumonia isolated from children under 5 years old. Subject and Method: The study included 823 children under 5 years old living in Ba Vi, Ha Tay. Culture, bacterial identification and antibiogram by E- test have been applied in this study. Results: 51.4% of nasopharyngeal samples had S.pneumoniae. The prevalence of S.pneumoniae isolated resistant and intermediate to penicillin were 15.5% and 64%, respectively. Resistance prevalence of streptococcal isolates in children older and younger than 2 years of age were 14.1% and 17.3%, respectively. Conclusion: Approximately 80% of S.pneumoniae was non-susceptible to penicillin. There is an immense requirement to monitor the antibiotic susceptibility of S. pneumonia and to have prompt recommendations for treatment.
Prevalence ; Streptococcus pneumonia ; Penicillin

The author showed some principles in primary management for chemical burn. After burning, the lesion should be treated immediately by pouring cold fresh water continuously for 10-15 minutes on the lesion. Then the lesion should be treated depends on causes. For acid-caused burn, wash the lesion by diluted base solutions, then applying the bicarbonate sodium solution 10-20%-soaked bandage. For base-caused burn, use diluted acid solutions to wash. For burn due to hot slake lime, the lesion can be washed by fresh water, sugar solution 20% or ammonium chloride 10%, then dressed by acid boric 3%-soaked bandage. For burn lesions related to hot tar, use vegetable oil and petroleum with ratio of 3:1 to clear the hot tar on the skin, then treat the burning lesion.
burns ; therapeutics

Subject: patients with the clean and small burn (1%) less than 160 cm2; biafine. Results showed that physiological indicators were not change after 7 days of use of biafine. Patients feel convinience, cool in the burn area. After 7 times of the distribution of bandage, the slight red granulation tissues occured, free edema, primary scar generation the soft scar occurred in the ninth and tenth day. There were no patients with the bad results.
Cicatrix ; Biafine