Objective To investigate the impact of the triglyceride-glucose(TyG)index on the risk of inflammatory bowel disease(IBD).Methods Based on the data from UK Biobank,participants were allocated into three groups,TyG1(≤4.564),TyG2(4.564-4.808),and TyG3(≥4.808),according to tertiles of the TyG index.Kaplan-Meier curves were established to analyze the cumulative incidence of IBD.Further,Cox proportional hazard regression was employed to analyze the hazard ratio(HR)and its 95% confidential interval(95%CI)of each group.The same analysis was conducted for different subtypes(ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease)of IBD.Sensitive analysis based on the competing risk model was performed after excluding participants who were diagnosed within one year.Results A total of 116 423 participants were included in this study,with the median follow-up time of 12.56 years.The incidence densities of IBD in the TyG1,TyG2,and TyG3 groups were 4.47,5.94,and 6.50 per 10 000 person-year,respectively.The cumulative incidence of IBD increased with the rise in TyG,and Log-rank test results showed differences in cumulative incidence between groups(P<0.001).After adjusting the confounding factors,the HR(95%CI)of IBD in the TyG2 and TyG3 groups was 1.50(1.21-1.85)and 1.71(1.36-2.16),respectively.The results of the subgroup analysis after adjusting the confounding factors revealed that the HR(95%CI)of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease in the TyG3 group was 1.48(1.16-1.74)and 2.27(1.51-3.42),respectively.The sensitive analysis yielded similar results after excluding participants who were diagnosed within one year.Conclusion A high TyG index indicates an increased risk of IBD and its subtypes.
Humans ; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/blood* ; Triglycerides/blood* ; Incidence ; Blood Glucose/analysis* ; Male ; Female ; Risk Factors ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Adult ; Middle Aged ; Crohn Disease/epidemiology*

The saponins in different parts of Gynostemma pentaphyllum were analyzed via UPLC-Q-TOF-MS~E. A total of 46 saponins were identified, and the underground part had 26 saponins more than the aboveground part, most of which were trisaccharide saponins. The rat model of hyperlipidemia was established with high-fat diet. This study explored the lipid-lowering activity of total saponins in the underground part of G. pentaphyllum, so as to provide a theoretical basis for the comprehensive utilization of the underground part of G. pentaphyllum. A total of 99 healthy SD rats were randomly assigned into a blank group, a model group, a positive drug group, an aboveground total saponins group, and low-, medium-, and high-dose underground total saponins groups. Except the blank group, the other groups were fed with high-fat diet for 6 weeks. Then, the blood was collected from the orbital cavity to determine whether the modeling was successful according to the serum levels of total cholesterol(TC) and triglyceride(TG). After intragastric administration of the corresponding agents for 30 continuous days, the physical state of the rats were observed, and the body weight and liver specific gravity were measured. Furthermore, the levels of TC, TG, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C), alanine transaminase(ALT), aspartate transaminase(AST), bilirubin, and total bile acids in serum, as well as the levels of superoxide dismutase(SOD), malondialdehyde(MDA), peroxidase proliferator-activated receptor(PPAR-γ) in the liver tissue, were determined. The pathological changes of liver was observed via HE staining. The results showed that the aboveground total saponins and medium-and high-dose underground total saponins can treat hepatocyte steatosis, lower TC, TG, LDL-C, ALT, AST, total bilirubin, MDA, and PPAR-γ levels, and increase HDL-C and SOD levels in the model rats. The effect tended to be more obvious with the increase in dosage. Therefore, the total saponins in the underground part of G. pentaphyllum have good pharmacological effect of reducing blood lipid, which provides a theoretical basis for the comprehensive utilization of the underground part of G. pentaphyllum.
Alanine Transaminase/analysis* ; Animals ; Aspartate Aminotransferases/analysis* ; Bile Acids and Salts/blood* ; Bilirubin/blood* ; Cholesterol, LDL/blood* ; Diet, High-Fat/adverse effects* ; Gynostemma/chemistry* ; Hypolipidemic Agents/therapeutic use* ; Lipoproteins, HDL/blood* ; Liver/metabolism* ; Malondialdehyde/analysis* ; Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors/analysis* ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Saponins/therapeutic use* ; Superoxide Dismutase ; Triglycerides/blood* ; Trisaccharides/therapeutic use*

ObjectiveTo investigate the relationship of the levels of serum androgens with lipid metabolism in middle-aged and elderly men in Zunyi, Guizhou.

METHODSUsing the stratified cluster sampling method, we conducted a questionnaire investigation and physical examinations among 437 men in Zunyi City. We divided the subjects into a middle-aged (40－64 ［53.20 ± 7.41］ years, n = 269) and an elderly group (=≥65 ［70.63 ± 4.66］ years, n = 168) and collected fasting elbow venous blood samples from them for measuring the levels of total testosterone (TT), sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), luteinizing hormone (LH), total cholesterol (TCH), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), calculated free testosterone (cFT), free testosterone index (FTI), and testosterone secretion index (TSI).

RESULTSCompared with the elderly group, the middle-aged males showed significantly lower SHBG, LH, HDL and LDL, and higher cFT, FTI, TSI, TG and TCH (all P < 0.05). TT and SHBG were negatively correlated with TG, TCH, HDL and LDL, while cFT was positively correlated with TCH, and so was FTI with TG, TCH with LDL, and TSI with TCH, HDL and LDL (all P < 0.05), but LH was negatively correlated with TG, TCH and LDL (all P < 0.05). Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that TT and SHBG were negatively correlated with TG, TCH, HDL and LDL, and so was LH with TCH, HDL and LDL (all P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSIn the middle-aged and elderly men in Zunyi, low concentrations of TT, SHBG and LH were associated with the increased risk of high-TCH and -LDL dyslipidemia, low concentrations of TT and SHBG with that of high-TG dyslipidemia, while high concentrations of TT, SHBG and LH with that of low-HDL dyslipidemia.

Adult ; Aged ; Androgens ; blood ; China ; Cholesterol ; blood ; Dyslipidemias ; etiology ; Humans ; Lipid Metabolism ; Lipoproteins, HDL ; blood ; Lipoproteins, LDL ; blood ; Luteinizing Hormone ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Multivariate Analysis ; Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin ; Testosterone ; blood ; Triglycerides ; blood

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Elevated postprandial blood glucose is a critical risk factor for stroke. The dietary glycemic load (GL) and glycemic index (GI) are frequently used as markers of the postprandial blood glucose response to estimate the overall glycemic effect of diets. We hypothesized that high dietary GL, GI, or total carbohydrate intake is associated with a poor functional outcome in patients with acute ischemic stroke. METHODS: We prospectively included 263 first-ever ischemic stroke patients who completed a semiquantitative food-frequency questionnaire. The dietary GL, GI, and total carbohydrate intake were investigated by examining the average frequency of intake during the previous year based on reference amounts for various food items. Poor functional outcome was defined as a score on the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) of ≥3 at 3 months after stroke. RESULTS: The patients were aged 65.4±11.7 years (mean±standard deviation), and 58.2% of them were male. A multivariate analysis adjusted for age, sex, marital status, prestroke mRS score, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, body mass index, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein, hemoglobin A1c, stroke classification, and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score, early neurological deterioration, and high-grade white-matter hyperintensities revealed that the dietary GL and total carbohydrate intake were associated with a poor functional outcome, with odds ratios for the top quartile relative to the bottom quartile of 28.93 (95% confidence interval=2.82–296.04) and 36.84 (95% confidence interval=2.99–453.42), respectively (p for trend=0.002 and 0.002, respectively). In contrast, high dietary GI was not associated with a poor functional outcome (p for trend=0.481). CONCLUSIONS: Increased dietary GL and carbohydrate intake were associated with a poor short-term functional outcome after an acute ischemic stroke.
Blood Glucose ; Body Mass Index ; Cerebral Infarction* ; Classification ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Diet ; Glycemic Index ; Glycemic Load* ; Humans ; Hyperlipidemias ; Lipoproteins ; Male ; Marital Status ; Multivariate Analysis ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; Odds Ratio ; Prospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Stroke ; Triglycerides

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the interventional effects of 16-week aerobic exercises on the elderly's arteriosclerosis and its mechanism. METHODS: Twenty-seven elderly people with the average age of 62. 70 ±3. 26 joined a 16-week square dance/taijiquan exercise program that conducted 60 minutes each time, six times per week. Arterial stiffness and its related indexes such as systolic pressure(SBP), diastolic pressure(DBP), left brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (L-baPWV), right brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity(R-baPWV), left ankle brachial index (L-ABI), right ankle brachial index(R-ABI), serum triglyceride(TG), total cholesterol(TC), high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-c), low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-c), superoxide dismutase(SOD), malondialdehyde(MDA) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) were detected at 3 time points including before exercise program, by the end of exercise for 8 weeks and 16 weeks. RESULTS: ① Compared with pre-exercise, the R-baPWV and R-ABI of the elderly people were decreased at the end of the 8 week, and the L-baPWV, RbaPWV, R-ABI and L-ABI were decreased significantly at the end of the 16 week. ②Compared with pre-exercise, SBP and DBP were declined markedly (<0.01, <0.05) at the end of the 8 week, SBP, DBP and pulse pressure were decreased significantly (<0.01, <0.05) at the end of the 16 week. ③Compared with pre-exercise, TC and LDL-c were declined markedly (<0.01) at the end of the 8 and the 16 week, and there was no difference of the level of TG and LDL-c between pre-exercise and post-exercise. ④There was no evident difference of serum level of SOD, GSH-Px, MDA between pre-exercise and post-exercise at the end of the 8 week. Compared with pre-exercise, the level of serum SOD, GSH-Px was increased evidently while the content of serum MDA was decreased significantly (<0.01). CONCLUSIONS Sixteen-week aerobic exercises could reduce baPWV and ABI levels, regulate blood pressure, blood lipids and lipid peroxides levels of the elderly evidently, thus improve the controlling quality of atherosclerosis.
Aged ; Ankle ; Ankle Brachial Index ; Arteriosclerosis ; therapy ; Blood Pressure ; Cholesterol ; blood ; Exercise ; Glutathione Peroxidase ; blood ; Humans ; Malondialdehyde ; blood ; Middle Aged ; Pulse Wave Analysis ; Superoxide Dismutase ; blood ; Triglycerides ; blood

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the role of autophagy inhibitor chloroquine (CQ) in acute ethanol-induced liver injury and its mechenism. METHODS: Twenty-one C57BL/6 male mice were randomly divided into three groups:control group, ethanol group, CQ + ethanol group (=7). Mice in ethanol group were administered 33% (v/v) ethanol at a dose of 4.5 g/kg body weight. Ethanol-induced liver steatosis in each group was detected by hematoxylin and eosin staining. Hepatic lipid accumulation was detected by staining with Oil red O. Hepatic tissue triglyceride (TG) levels, serum aspartate aminotransferase(AST) and alanine aminotransferase(ALT) were determined by biochemical assays. Protein expression of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3(LC3) and nuclear factorκB p65(NF-κB p65) were measured by Western blot and immunofluorescence. Pro-inflammatory factors tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)、interleukin 6(IL-6) were detected by ELISA. RESULTS: Compared with control group, ethanol induced liver injury proved by accumulation of hepatic lipids, TG levels, AST and ALT activities were significantly increased by ethanol, protein expression of LC3-Ⅱ was also markedly increased by ethanol. Compared with ethanol group, addition of CQ increased furtherthe level of LC3-Ⅱexpression, and TG amount, serum AST and ALT activities, and the expression of NF-κB p65, TNF-αand IL-6. CONCLUSIONS Acute ethanol-intake could induce liver steatosis and inflammation, and autophagy inhibitor CQ exacerbatedethanol-induced liver injury, suggested that autophagy might be protective effect in acute ethanol-induced liver disease.
Alanine Transaminase ; blood ; Animals ; Aspartate Aminotransferases ; blood ; Autophagy ; drug effects ; Chloroquine ; pharmacology ; Interleukin-6 ; analysis ; Liver ; drug effects ; Liver Diseases, Alcoholic ; drug therapy ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Microtubule-Associated Proteins ; metabolism ; Random Allocation ; Transcription Factor RelA ; metabolism ; Triglycerides ; analysis ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; analysis

OBJECTIVE: The mGluR1 (metabotropic glutamate receptor 1) gene, a G protein–coupled receptor, is known to mediate perceptions of umami tastes. Genetic variation in taste receptors may influence dietary intake, and in turn have an impact on nutritional status and risk of chronic disease. We investigated the association of mGluR1 rs2814863 polymorphism with lipid profiles and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, together with their modulation by macronutrient intake in Korean adults. METHODS: The subjects consisted of 8,380 Koreans aged 40-69 years participating in the Anseong and Ansan Cohort Study, which was a part of the Korean Genome Epidemiology Study (KoGES). Data was collected using self-administered questionnaires, anthropometric measurements, and blood chemical analysis. RESULTS: Carriers of C allele at mGluR1 rs2814863 was associated with decreased high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and increased triglyceride as compared to carriers of TT. Also, carriers of the C allele showed higher fat intake and lower carbohydrate intake than those with carriers of TT. After adjustment for multiple testing using false-discovery rate method, the significant difference of HDL-C, triglyceride, dietary fat, and carbohydrate across genotypes disappeared. Gene-diet interaction effects between rs2814863 and macronutrients intake were not significantly associated with HDL-C and triglyceride levels. However, carriers of C allele demonstrated significantly higher odds of CVD {odds ratio=1.13, 95% CI=1.02-1.25} compared with carriers of TT. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings support significant associations between the mGluR1 rs2814863 genotype and CVD-related variables in Korean adults. However, these associations are not modified by macronutrient intake.
Adult* ; Alleles ; Blood Chemical Analysis ; Cardiovascular Diseases* ; Cholesterol, HDL ; Chronic Disease ; Cohort Studies ; Dietary Fats ; Epidemiology ; Genes, vif ; Genetic Variation ; Genome ; Genotype ; Gyeonggi-do ; Humans ; Methods ; Nutritional Status ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Receptors, Glutamate ; Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate* ; Triglycerides

Currently, metabolic complications are the most common problem among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients, with a high incidence. However, there have been very few studies regarding metabolic abnormalities published in Asia, especially in Korea. This cross-sectional study was performed to investigate the prevalence of and risk factors for metabolic abnormalities in 1,096 HIV-infected patients of the Korea HIV/AIDS cohort study enrolled from 19 hospitals between 2006 and 2013. Data at entry to cohort were analyzed. As a result, the median age of the 1,096 enrolled subjects was 46 years, and most patients were men (92.8%). The metabolic profiles of the patients were as follows: median weight was 63.8 kg, median body mass index (BMI) was 22.2 kg/m², and 16.4% of the patients had a BMI over 25 kg/m². A total of 5.5% of the patients had abdominal obesity (waist/hip ratio ≥ 1 in men, ≥ 0.85 in women). Increased levels of fasting glucose, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and triglycerides were present in 10.4%, 6.0%, 5.5%, and 32.1% of the patients. Decreased high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels were observed in 44.2% of the patients. High systolic blood pressure was present in 14.3% of the patients. In multivariate analysis, high BMI and the use of protease inhibitors (PIs) were risk factors for dyslipidemia in HIV-infected patients. In conclusion, proper diagnosis and management should be offered for the prevalent metabolic complications of Korean HIV-infected patients. Further studies on risk factors for metabolic complications are needed.
Asia ; Blood Pressure ; Body Mass Index ; Cholesterol ; Cohort Studies* ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Diagnosis ; Dyslipidemias ; Fasting ; Glucose ; HIV Infections* ; HIV* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Korea* ; Lipoproteins ; Male ; Metabolome ; Multivariate Analysis ; Obesity, Abdominal ; Prevalence ; Protease Inhibitors ; Risk Factors ; Triglycerides

Objective: To study the changes of the serum zinc alpha 2 glycoprotein (ZAG) level in men and its relationship with blood lipid male reproductive hormones. METHODS: We enrolled 297 men aged 25－ 65 years in this study, 152 with hyperlipemia (HL) and the other 145 with normal blood lipid (normal control). We divided them into four age groups (25－35 yr, 36－45 yr, 46－55 yr, and 56－65 yr) and three tertile groups (Q1, Q2, and Q3) according to the tertiles of the serum ZAG level, and examined their blood lipid, blood glucose, serum ZAG, and reproductive hormones. RESULTS: The serum ZAG level was decreased gradually with the increase of age in both the HL patients and normal controls, significantly in the 36－45 and 56－65 yr age groups (P <0.05), and markedly lower in the HL than in the control men in the 25－35 and 36－45 yr groups (P <0.05). The levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and total testosterone (TT) changed significantly with the ZAG level. The level of serum ZAG was correlated negatively with age (r = －0.58, P<0.05), waist circumference (r = －0.21, P <0.05), body mass index (BMI) (r = －0.22, P <0.05), fasting blood glucose (r = －0.16, P <0.05) , and triglyceride (TG) (r = －0.27, P <0.05) but positively with TT (r = 0.36, P <0.05). Age, BMI and TG were independent factors influencing the serum ZAG level. CONCLUSIONS The serum ZAG level is decreased with the increase of age and associated with lipid metabolism, abdominal obesity, and reproductive hormone levels in males.
Adult ; Age Factors ; Aged ; Blood Glucose ; analysis ; Body Mass Index ; Follicle Stimulating Hormone ; Gonadal Steroid Hormones ; blood ; Humans ; Lipids ; blood ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Obesity, Abdominal ; etiology ; Reproduction ; Seminal Plasma Proteins ; blood ; Triglycerides ; blood

Chemerin is a recently identified adipokine suggested to play a role in obesity and its metabolic complications. The relationship between visceral obesity and serum chemerin levels in type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is unknown and may differ from that of subjects without diabetes. Therefore, we evaluated whether serum chemerin was associated with visceral abdominal obesity in patients with T2DM. A total of 218 Korean patients with T2DM were enrolled and metabolic parameters, abdominal visceral and subcutaneous fat areas, and serum chemerin levels were measured. Serum chemerin level showed positive correlation with fasting insulin, HOMA-IR, serum triglyceride, serum creatinine, urine albumin/creatinine ratio, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), fibrinogen, abdominal visceral fat area, visceral to subcutaneous fat area ratio, and negatively correlation with high density lipoprotein cholesterol and creatinine clearance (CCr) after adjusting for age, gender and body mass index. Multiple linear stepwise regression analysis showed that abdominal visceral fat area (β = 0.001, P < 0.001), serum triglyceride (β = 0.001, P < 0.001), CCr (β = -0.003, P = 0.001), hsCRP (β = 0.157, P = 0.001), fibrinogen (β = 0.001, P < 0.001) and BMI (β = 0.02, P = 0.008) independently affected log transformed serum chemerin levels. Higher serum chemerin level was associated with higher level of abdominal visceral fat area, serum triglyceride, hsCRP and fibrinogen and lower level of CCr in patients with T2DM. Serum chemerin may be used as a biomarker of visceral adiposity and chemerin may play a role in inflammation, decreased renal function, and increased cardiovascular risk in T2DM.
Adult ; Biomarkers/blood ; Body Mass Index ; C-Reactive Protein/analysis ; Chemokines/*blood ; Creatinine/blood/urine ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/*blood/diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Insulin/blood ; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/*blood ; Intra-Abdominal Fat/*pathology ; Linear Models ; Lipocalins/blood ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Obesity/complications ; Triglycerides/blood