Schizophrenia is a chronic psychiatric disorder with complex etiology and diverse clinical manifestations, whose pathogenesis and triggering factors remain incompletely understood. Numerous studies have demonstrated significant gender differences in the age of onset, clinical presentation, disease progression, treatment efficacy, and prognosis among patients with schizophrenia. These differences are largely attributed to variations in sex hormone levels, with estrogen emerging as a key focus of research. Some studies suggest that adjunctive estrogen therapy during schizophrenia treatment not only alleviates symptoms but also reduces the required dosage of antipsychotic medications. A systematic review of research on estrogen as an adjunctive treatment for schizophrenia may provide new perspectives and references for future therapeutic strategies.
Humans ; Schizophrenia/drug therapy* ; Estrogens/therapeutic use* ; Antipsychotic Agents/administration & dosage* ; Male ; Female ; Sex Characteristics ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Estrogen Replacement Therapy

Bipolar disorder is a major mental illness that is difficult to treat and has a high degree of recurrence. This article reports general anesthesia for oral surgery in a patient with bipolar disorder complicated with hypothyroidism. It also discusses the rational application of antipsychotic drugs and anesthetics with reference to the literature to improve the understanding of the disease and help patients with mental disorders complete the surgical treatment quietly and smoothly.
Humans ; Bipolar Disorder/drug therapy* ; Antipsychotic Agents/therapeutic use* ; Hypothyroidism/drug therapy* ; Oral Surgical Procedures ; Anesthesia

Humans ; Parkinson Disease/drug therapy* ; Prevalence ; Southeast Asian People ; Psychotic Disorders/drug therapy* ; Antipsychotic Agents

This study used m-chloropheniperazine(MCPP) and chronic unforeseeable mild stress(CUMS) to induce the rat models of anxiety and depression, respectively. The behaviors of rats were observed by the open field test(OFT), light-dark exploration test(LDE), tail suspension test(TST), and forced swimming test(FST), and the antidepressant and anxiolytic effects of agarwood essential oil(AEO), agarwood fragrant powder(AFP), and agarwood line incense(ALI) were explored. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) was used to determine the levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT), glutamic acid(Glu), and γ-aminobutyric acid(GABA_A) in the hippocampal area. The Western blot assay was used to determine the protein expression levels of glutamate receptor 1(GluR1) and vesicular glutamate transporter type 1(VGluT1), exploring the anxiolytic and antidepressant mechanism of agarwood inhalation. The results showed that compared with the anxiety model group, the AEO, AFP, and ALI groups decreased the total distance(P<0.05), decreased the velocity of movements(P<0.05), prolonged the immobile time(P<0.05), and reduced the distance and velocity of the rat model of anxiety in the dark box(P<0.05). Compared with the depression model group, the AEO, AFP, and ALI groups increased the total distance and average velocity(P<0.05), reduced the immobile time(P<0.05), and reduced the forced swimming and tail suspension time(P<0.05). In terms of transmitter regulation, the AEO, AFP, and ALI groups decreased the level of Glu in the rat model of anxiety(P<0.05) and increased the levels of GABA_A and 5-HT(P<0.05), while the AEO, AFP, and ALI groups all increased the level of 5-HT in the rat model of depression(P<0.05) and decreased the levels of GABA_A and Glu(P<0.05). At the same time, the AEO, AFP, and ALI groups all increased the protein expression levels of GluR1 and VGluT1 in the hippocampus of the rat models of anxiety and depression(P<0.05). In conclusion, AEO, AFP, and ALI exert anxiolytic and antidepressant effects, and the mechanism might be related to the regulation of the neurotransmitter and the protein expression of GluR1 and VGluT1 in the hippocampus.
Animals ; Rats ; Anti-Anxiety Agents ; Serotonin ; alpha-Fetoproteins ; Antidepressive Agents ; Glutamic Acid ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid

Humans ; Aripiprazole/therapeutic use* ; Schizophrenia/drug therapy* ; Antipsychotic Agents/therapeutic use* ; Risperidone ; China ; Treatment Outcome

Quetiapine is a psychotropic drug. Excessive use of quetiapine may lead to drowsiness, blurred vision, respiratory depression, hypotension and extrapyramidal reactions. Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is rare due to overdose of quetiapine. On 14 February 2020, a patients with coma, respiratory arrest and hypotension due to overdose of quetiapine were admitted to our hospital. After receiving mechanical ventilation、plasma adsorption and anti-inflammatory treatment, the patient's consciousness turned clear, the machine was successfully removed and extubated, and the patient's condition was improved and discharged from hospital. We analyzed the clinical data of the patient with quetiapine poisoning, and discussed the clinical symptoms and chest CT characteristics of ARDS caused by quetiapine poisoning, in order to improve the understanding of quetiapine poisoning and improve the success rate of rescue.
Antipsychotic Agents ; Dibenzothiazepines ; Drug Overdose/therapy* ; Humans ; Quetiapine Fumarate/therapeutic use* ; Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Antipsychotic Agents/therapeutic use* ; Cognition ; Electroconvulsive Therapy ; Humans ; Quality of Life ; Schizophrenia/therapy* ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVE: To explore the role of the microbiota in drug naïve first-onset schizophrenia patients and to seek evidence from multidimensional longitudinal analyses of the intestinal microbiome and clinical phenotype with antipsychotic drugs (APDs) therapy. METHODS: In this study, 28 drug naïve first onset schizophrenia patients and age-, gender- and education-matched 29 healthy controls were included, and the patients were treated with APDs. We collected fecal and serum samples at baseline and after 6 weeks of treatment to identify the different microbiota strains and analyse their correlation with clinical symptoms and serum metabolites. The 16S rRNA genes of the gut microbiota were sequenced, and the diversity and relative abundance at the phylum and genus levels were analyzsed in detail. The PANSS score, BMI changed value, and serum metabolome were included in the data analyses. RESULTS: A multiomics study found a potential connection among the clinical phenotype, microbiota and metabolome. The species diversity analyses revealed that the alpha diversity index (chao1, ACE, and goods_coverage) in the schizophrenia APDs group was significantly lower than that in the control group, and the schizophrenia group had clear demarcation from the control group. The microbiota composition analysis results showed that the relative abundance of the genera of Bacteroides, Streptococcus, Romboutsia, and Eubacterium ruminantium group significantly changed after APDs treatment in the schizophrenia patients. These strains could reflect the APDs treatment effect. More genera had differences between the patient and control groups. The LEfSe analysis showed that Prevotella_9 and Bacteroides were enriched in schizophrenia, while Blautia, Dialister, and Roseburia were enriched in the control group. The correlation analysis between microbiota and clinical symptoms showed that Bifidobacterium in schizophrenia was positively correlated with the PANSS reduction rate of the general psychopathology scale. The BMI changed value was positively correlated with the alteration of Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1 during treatment and the baseline abundance of Bacteroides. Moreover, metabolomic data analysis revealed a significant correlation between specific genera and metabolites, such as L-methionine, L-proline, homovanillic acid, N-acetylserotonin, and vitamin B6. CONCLUSION Our study found some microbiota features in schizophrenia patients and healthy controls, and several strains were correlated with APDs effects. Furthermore, the multiomics analysis implies the intermediate role of microbiota between antipsychotic effects and serum metabolites and provides new evidence to interpret the difference from multiple levels in the pathogenesis and pharmacological mechanism of schizophrenia.
Humans ; Antipsychotic Agents ; Homovanillic Acid ; Metabolomics/methods* ; Methionine ; Microbiota ; Proline ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics* ; Schizophrenia ; Vitamin B 6 ; Feces

Based on the research literatures of Passiflora incarnata and the theory of traditional Chinese medicine, the paper discussed the traditional Chinese medicinal properties of P. incarnate, so as to provide a theoretical basis for the compatibility and application of P. incarnata. The literature databases of CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, Web of Science, PubMed and Scopus were selected, and the literatures relating to P. incarnata were reviewed to screen out the scientific research literatures with a high credibility, rational design and reliable conclusions. Foreign pharmacopoeia was consulted, and the listed products were summarized. The traditional Chinese medicine properties of P. incarnata were studied based on 32 clinical trials, 66 pharmacological researches, 64 chemical constituents researches as well as the theory of traditional Chinese medicine. It was preliminarily concluded that the medicinal properties of P. incarnata are sweet, cool, and enter heart, liver channels. The function is mainly to calm the heart and tranquilizing the mind, and calm the liver wind. It is used for hyperactivity of liver-Yang, stagnation of liver-Qi, restlessness of mind, depression, nervousness, insomnia. This paper summarized the source, characteristics of natures, tastes and channel tropism, usage and dosage, function indications of P. incarnata, and defined its clear traditional Chinese medicine property, which lays a theoretical foundation for the compatibility and clinical application of P. incarnata and Chinese medicine.
Anti-Anxiety Agents ; Anxiety ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Passiflora ; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders/drug therapy*

Antipsychotic Agents/adverse effects* ; Heart Failure/chemically induced* ; Humans ; Syncope