AIM:To observe the therapeutic efficacy of 25G+minimally invasive vitrectomy for retinal arterial macroaneurysm.METHODS:Totally 40 patients(40 eyes)who admitted to Jinan Mingshui Eye Hospital from January 2021 to May 2024 and with vitreous hemorrhage or dense premacular hemorrhage in the macular area caused by retinal arterial macroaneurysm, underwent 25G+minimally invasive vitrectomy. Preoperative and postoperative best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA), complications, and special cases were analyzed.RESULTS: The general patient data aligned with previous literature reports. The postoperative BCVA was significantly improved(t=9.72, P<0.01), and no significant serious surgical complications were observed. Notably, intraoperative findings revealed secondary macular holes in 3 eyes, resulting in poor visual prognosis.CONCLUSION: For vitreous hemorrhage or dense premacular hemorrhage caused by retinal arterial macroaneurysm, 25G+ minimally invasive vitrectomy is a safe and effective treatment. Visual prognosis was excluded for secondary macular holes.

Objective To investigate the effect and mechanism of Efferocytosis Relatived LncRNA (EFRL) on homocysteine-induced atherosclerosis in macrophage efferocytosis. Methods RAW264.7 cells were cultured in vitro, and the Control group (0 μmol/L Hcy) and Hcy intervention group (100 μmol/L Hcy) were set up. After GapmeR transfection of macrophages with Hcy intervention, EFRL knockdown negative control group (Hcy combined with LNA-NC) and EFRL knockdown group (Hcy combined with LNA-EFRL) were set up. High-throughput sequencing was applied for different expression of LncRNA MSTRG. 88917.16 (EFRL), UCSC was used to analyze its conservation, CPC and CPAT were used to analyze its ability to encode proteins, and GO and KEGG were used to analyze related biological functions. The localization of LncRNA EFRL in macrophages was analyzed by nucleoplasmic separation and RNA-FISH. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to detect the expression levels of LncRNA EFRL and its target gene SPAST in Hcy-treated macrophages. The apoptosis rate of Jurkat cells induced by UV was detected by flow cytometry. In vitro efferocytosis assay combined with immunofluorescence technique was used to analyze macrophage efferocytosis. ELISA was used to detect the levels of interleukin 1β(IL-1β) and IL-18. Results The new LncRNA MSTRG.88917.16 was identified and named EFRL(Efferocytosis Relatived LncRNA). UCSC, CPC and CPAT analyses showed that LncEFRL is highly conserved and does not have the ability to encode proteins. GO and KEGG analyses suggested that LncEFRL may be involved in macrophage efferocytosis. LncRNA EFRL was localized in the nucleus of macrophages as determined by nucleoplasmic separation and RNA-FISH. In comparison to the Control group, the expression levels of LncRNA EFRL and its target gene SPAST in the Hcy group were increased. In comparison to the Control group (0 min), the apoptosis rate of the experimental group (15, 30 min) Annexin V is more than 85%. Compared with Hcy combined with LNA-NC group, Hcy combined with LNA-EFRL group had enhanced macrophage efferocytosis and reduced levels of inflammatory factors. Compared with Hcy combined with LNA-NC group, the expression level of SPAST in Hcy combined with LNA-EFRL group was decreased. Conclusion Inhibition of EFRL expression can alleviate the process of Hcy inhibiting macrophage efferocytosis, and the mechanism is related to the regulation of the downstream target gene SPAST by EFRL.
RNA, Long Noncoding/physiology* ; Animals ; Homocysteine ; Mice ; Macrophages/drug effects* ; Humans ; RAW 264.7 Cells ; Atherosclerosis/chemically induced* ; Apoptosis/genetics* ; Phagocytosis/genetics* ; Jurkat Cells ; Interleukin-1beta/genetics* ; Efferocytosis

Objective:To investigate the effects of Zhibai Dihuang Pills on neurons of cognitive dysfunction in D-galactose (D-gal) model mice.Methods:Totally 60 male mice were divided into four groups using a random number table method: control group, model group, donepezil group, and Zhibai Dihuang Pills group, with 15 mice in each group. Except for the control group, the other groups were subcutaneously injected with D-galactose solution at a dosage of 125 mg/kg once a day for 8 weeks to prepare the aging model. Mice in the donepezil group were intragastrically administered donepezil solution at a dosage of 0.65 mg/kg, and those in the Zhibai Dihuang Pills group were intragastrically administered Zhibai Dihuang Pills solution at a dosage of 1.56 g/kg. The control group was intragastrically administered an equal volume of physiological saline once a day for 8 weeks. The object recognition test and Morris Water Maze were used to assess object recognition memory and spatial learning memory abilities of mice in each group, respectively. Hematoxylin-Eosin (HE) staining and Nissl staining were employed to observe the morphology of neurons in the hippocampal region; Golgi staining was used to observe neuronal dendritic spines; Western Blot was used to detect the protein expression levels of PI3K, p-Akt/Akt, glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β), postsynaptic density protein-95 (PSD-95), and synaptophysin (SYP) in the hippocampus region; RT-qPCR was performed to detect mRNA expression of PI3K, Akt and GSK3β in the hippocampus region.Results:Compared with the model group, the recognition index in both the donepezil group and the Zhibai Dihuang Pills group increased ( P<0.05), the escape latency was shortened ( P<0.05), the platform crossings times and the target quadrant dwell time increased ( P<0.05), the number of nerve cells in the hippocampal region increased, arranged closely, the number of Nissl bodies increased, the morphology returned to normal, and the density of dendritic spines increased; the protein expressions of PI3K, PSD-95, and SYP in the hippocampal region and the ratio of p-Akt/Akt increased ( P<0.01), the mRNA level of PI3K increased ( P<0.01 or P<0.05), and the protein and mRNA levels of GSK3β decreased ( P<0.01 or P<0.05). Conclusion:Zhibai Dihuang Pills can improve the learning and memory ability and rescue neuronal damage in D-gal model mice, and the mechanism may be related to the activation of PI3K/Akt pathway and the restoration of synaptic connections.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of thyme herbal tea （BLX） on the proliferation of human coronavirus OC43 （HCoV-OC43） in vitro and in vivo. MethodThe chemical composition of BLX was analyzed by UPLC-MS. The cytotoxicity of BLX in HRT-18 cells and the effect of BLX treatment on the proliferation of HCoV-OC43 in cells were analyzed. Copies of viral gene were detected by real-time PCR. The effect of BLX treatment on the life cycle of HCoV-OC43 was detected by time-of-addition assay. The maximum tolerated dose of BLX and the influences of BLX on the body weight and survival time of suckling mice infected with HCoV-OC43 were determined. The expression of viral protein in the brain and lung tissue was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. ResultThere were 11 chemical components identified in BLX by UPLC-MS. BLX showed the 50% cytotoxic concentration （CC₅₀） of （13 859.56±319） mg·L^-1， the median inhibitory concentration （IC₅₀） of （1 439.09±200） mg·L^-1， and the selection index of 8.26-11.44 for HCoV-OC43 in HRT-18 cells. Compared with the cells infected with HCoV-OC43， BLX at the concentrations of 1 500， 1 000， 500 mg·L^-1 inhibited the proliferation of this virus （P<0.05， P<0.01）. BLX exhibited antiviral effect in the early stage of virus infection， and the inhibition role in the attachment stage was more significant than that in the entry stage （P<0.05）. In the suckling mice infected with HCoV-OC43， BLX at 1200 and 600 mg·kg^-1·d^-1 alleviated the symptoms， prolonged the survival period， reduced the death rate， and down-regulated the mRNA level of nucleocapsid protein in the mice. Moreover， BLX at 1 200 mg·kg^-1·d^-1 down-regulated the expression of nucleocapsid protein in the brain （P<0.01） and the lung （P<0.01）. ConclusionBLX contained multiple antiviral ingredients. It inhibited the proliferation of HCoV-OC43 both in vitro and in vivo by interference with viral attachment. This study provides theoretical reference for the treatment of acute respiratory tract infection with HCoV-OC43 and for further development and application of BLX.

Objective To investigate the role of lncRNA SNHG1 in homocysteine-induced pyroptosis of podocyte.Methods Cbs+/-mice were randomly divided into two groups:a normal diet group(ND)and a high me-thionine diet group(HMD).Western blotting was used to detect the protein expression levels of Caspase-1,Cleaved Caspase-1,and NLRP3.Mouse renal glomerular podocytes were cultured in vitro,and then assigned into a control group(Control,0 μmol/L Hcy)and a homocysteine intervention group(Hcy,80 μmol/L Hcy).Western blotting was used to detect the protein expression levels of Caspase-1,Cleaved Caspase-1,and NLRP3.Mouse renal glomerular podocyion group(OE-NC + Hcy)and the lncSNHG1 overexpression + homocysteine intervention group(OE-SNHG1 + Hcy)were also established.After 48 hours of intervention,Real-time fluorescence quantita-tive PCR was used to detect the expression of lncSNHG1 in podocytes after Hcy intervention.Western blot was used to detect the expressions of Caspase-1,Cleaved Caspase-3 and NLRP3.Immunofluorescence was used to de-tect the expression levels of GSDMD and GSDMD-N.ELISA was used to detect the contents of IL-1β and IL-18.Results(1)In the animal experiments,the expression levels of pyroptosis-related proteins Caspase-1,Cleaved Caspase-1,NLRP3,GSDMD,and GSDMD-N were all increased in the HMD group compared with the ND group.(2)In the cellular experiments,the expression levels of Caspase-1,Cleaved Caspase-1,NLRP3,GSDMD,and GSDMD-N were all increased in the Hcy group compared with the Control group,and the contents of pyroptosis-mediated inflammatory factors IL-1β and IL-18 were increased as well.(3)In the cellular experiments,the expres-sion of lncSNHG1 was increased in the Hcy group compared with the control group.After transduction with lnc-SNHG1 lentivirus,the expression of lncSNHG1 was increased in the OE-SNHG1 group,compared with the control group and the OE-NC group.(4)In the cellular experiments,the expressions of pyroptosis-related proteins Cas-pase-1,Cleaved Caspase-1,NLRP3,GSDMD,and GSDMD-N were increased compared with the OE-NC+Hcy group,and the contents of pyroptosis-mediated inflammatory factors IL-1β and IL-18 were increased in the OE-SNHG1+Hcy group.Conclusion These results indicate that lncSNHG1 may play a role in promoting Hcy induced podocytepyroptosis.

Objective To investigate the relationship between the expression of Klotho,apoptosis-related factors and oxidative stress injury of the trabecular meshwork in patients with glaucoma.Methods Totally 86 patients(86 eyes)with glaucoma admitted to our hospital from October 2021 to October 2023 were selected as the study group.Tissue sam-ples of trabecular meshwork were obtained during the operation.Trabecular meshwork donor tissues(45 cases)from pa-tients with non-eye diseases were taken as the control group.Hematoxylin-Eosin(HE)staining was used to examine the histopathological characteristics,and the expression levels of Klotho,apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD(ASC),cysteine-aspartic proteases-1(Caspase-1),superoxide dismutase(SOD)and peroxidase(POD)in trabecu-lar meshwork tissues were detected.The expression levels of Klotho,ASC,Caspase-1,SOD and POD of patients in the two groups and those expression levels in glaucoma patients with different average visual field defects were compared.The cor-relation between expression levels of Klotho,apoptosis-related proteins and oxidative stress injury of the trabecular mesh-work in glaucoma patients was analyzed by the Pearson method.Results HE staining results showed that the trabecular meshwork structure of patients in the study group was disorganized,with interlaced layers,thickened trabecular bundles and cell nucleus shrinkage,while the lamellas of trabecular meshwork tissues and trabecular cell bundles in the control group were orderly arranged,with normal forms of trabecular cells.In the study group,the expression level of Klotho in trabecular meshwork tissues was lower and the expression levels of ASC and Caspase-1 were higher than those of the con-trol group(all P＜0.05).There were statistically significant differences in the expression levels of Klotho,ASC,Caspase-1,SOD and POD in patients with different average visual field defects(all P＜0.05).With the increase in disease severity,the expressions of Klotho and SOD showed a significant decrease,while the expressions of ASC,Caspase-1 and POD showed a significant increase(all P＜0.05).Pearson correlation analysis showed that Klotho in the trabecular mesh work was negatively correlated with POD and positively correlated with SOD,while ASC and Caspase-1 were positively correlated with POD and negatively correlated with SOD(all P＜0.05).Conclusion The expression of Klotho is low in the trabec-ular meshwork tissues of patients with glaucoma,while the expressions of ASC and Caspase-1 are high.These expressions are correlated with the average visual field defect,reflecting the stress injury degree of trabecular meshwork tissues.

Objective To study the effects of vision on human postural control and the connection mechanisms of the brain's functional network.Methods 15 healthy male adults were required to perform 30 s of balanced standing on both legs with eyes open and eyes closed.The center of pressure(COP)and electroencephalograph(EEG)were recorded during balance.The sample entropy(sample En)of the COP was calculated.The phase lag index(PLI)in θ-,α-,β-band of EEG was calculated to construct the brain functional networks,and the clustering coefficient(C),characteristic path length(L),and the criteria(σ)of the small-world network were calculated based on graph theory.Results During balanced standing on both legs,the SampleEn of the COPY with eyes closed was significantly higher than that with eyes open(P＜0.05).The mean value of PLI in the α-band under the eyes closed state was significantly higher than that under the eyes open state(P＜0.05).The C and σ values in the α-band under the eyes closed state were significantly higher than those under the eyes open state,and the L value was significantly lower than that under the eyes open state(P＜0.05).The frontal-central-parietal connectivity and the central-parietal connectivity strength in the α-band under the eyes closed state were significantly higher than those under the eyes open state(P＜0.05).The average PLI and C values in the α-band were moderately negatively correlated with the SampleEn of COPY (P＜0.05).The average PLI of the left prefrontal area,left parietal area,and left occipital area in the α-band under the eyes closed state had a moderate negative correlation with the SampleEn of COPY.The average PLI of the left central region and the right occipital area in the eyes-closed state was moderately negatively correlated with the SampleEn of COPY.Conclusions During the standing balance,when there is no visual input,the stability of body balance decreases,accompanied by enhanced brain network connectivity in α-band and the requirement for efficiency enhancement in information processing in the brain.The brain adopts different neural strategies when performing postural control under various visual conditions.

An important issue facing university education is the adaptation and transformation of freshmen.In order to guide students to adapt to the needs of research-based learning,Jilin University has opened a freshman seminar for all first-year undergraduate students,emphasizing the cultivation of students'thinking patterns and learning abilities.For medical students,it is necessary to ap-ply the learned medical knowledge to clinical problem analysis.Therefore,it is particularly important to cultivate students'integrated thinking from basic to clinical at the beginning of enrollment.In recent years,organ system integration has gradually been carried out in medical schools both domestically and internationally.In the course of integrating the immune system and diseases,the morphology of the immune system is relatively abstract and difficult to observe.In the early stages of enrollment,students still lack the thinking of organ system integration,and the initial stage of immune system integration courses is difficult to carry out.Therefore,we aimed to guide students towards adaptability and academic transformation through freshman seminars,explored the integration of the immune system's organ system as a pathway,and used the BOPPPS teaching model as a means for preliminary exploration.In the freshman seminar,the main focus is on the"morphology and structure-mechanism and function-disease-diagnosis-treatment"of the immune sys-tem,helping students establish a learning mindset that integrates disease diagnosis and treatment based on basic medical courses such as immunology and anatomy.Using BOPPPS to reform the"teaching"of teachers,establishing a student-centered teaching model from six aspects:bridge,objective,pre-assessment,participatory learning,post-assessment and summary,can better guide students to actively think and participate in the entire learning process,focus on the construction of students'fragmented knowledge thinking mode,internalize medical humanities literacy,and improve the quality of medical talent cultivation in colleges and universities.

ObjectiveTo explore the activation of motor cortex and brain lateralization of healthy male subjects during mirror visual feedback (MVF) of dominant and non-dominant hands. MethodsFrom March to September, 2021, 17 right-handed male subjects were recruited in Shenyang Sport University. The eego^TMmylab electroencephalography (EEG) system was applied to acquire the EEG and surface electromyography (sEMG) signals of digital extensor muscle during MVF. The subjects were completed unilateral finger stretching exercise, including left/right hand MVF and left/right hand visual feedback (VF). Each paradigm was repeated 80 trials, and the four paradigms were divided into two experiments, with one week between each experiment. The time-domain characteristics of sEMG signals and the time-frequency characteristics of α-band (8 to 13 Hz) and β-band (13 to 20 Hz) EEG signals which were closely related to motion were analyzed. Activation and asymmetry of motor cortex during MVF in dominant and nondominant hands were measured with event-related desynchronization/synchronization (ERD/ERS) and asymmetric index (AI). ResultsWhen the relaxed hand was right hand, the sEMG amplitude of digital extensor muscle were more in MVF and VF than in resting state (P < 0.05). In α bands, the main effect of training state on ERD/ERS was significant (F = 14.125, η_p² = 0.469, P = 0.002), and it was higher in MVF than in VF. In β band, the main effect of training state on ERD/ERS was significant (F = 9.704, η_p² = 0.378, P = 0.007), the interaction effect of moving hand and training state was significant on ERD/ERS (F = 8.014, η_p² = 0.334, P = 0.012); for VF, ERD/ERS was higher in right hand movement than in left hand movement (F = 7.267, η_p² = 0.312, P = 0.016); for right hand movement, ERD/ERS was higher in MVF than in VF (F = 17.530, η_p² = 0.523, P = 0.001). At the position of C4 electrode, ERD/ERS was higher in right hand movement than in left hand movement under VF (t = -3.201, P = 0.006, Cohen's d = 0.776), and ERD/ERS was higher in MVF than in VF under right hand movement (t = -4.060, P = 0.001, Cohen's d = 0.985). Main effect of training state was significant on AI at β band (F = 5.796, η_p² = 0.266, P = 0.028), and it was higher in MVF than in VF. ConclusionMVF may improve the activity of motor cortex neurons on the ipsilateral side of the motor hand through recruitment of frontal and parietal mirror neurons and reduction of interhemispheric and intracortical inhibitory activities, and it is more effective for the dominant hand training.

Hypertension has a high global prevalence rate,which is the main preventable risk factor for cardiovascular disease.Home blood pressure monitoring plays an important role in diagnosis,adjustment of treatment strategies and long-term follow-up of hypertension.However,there are still enormous challenges for the popularization and standardized application of home blood pressure monitoring.Therefore,this review article describes indication,standardized implementation protocol,current status and influencing factors of implementation and management forms of home blood pressure monitoring.It can provide a reference for promoting the implementation of practical guidelines for home blood pressure monitoring and optimizing the application of home blood pressure monitoring.