Objective To evaluate the value of radiomics models and comprehensive models based on multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging(mpMRI)in predicting the expression of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER2)in bladder cancer(BCa).Methods A total of 76 pathologically confirmed BCa patients undergoing pelvic mpMRI during Jan.2022 and Nov.2024 at the Affiliated Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University were retrospectively included.After the volume of interest(VOI)was sketched,7 modal features were obtained,including T2WI,DWI,DCE,T2WI+DWI,T2WI+DCE,DWI+DCE,and T2WI+DWI+DCE,which were analyzed with logistic regression to obtain the predictive values.After that,the best sequences were screened with receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves,and then combined with support vector machine,logistic regression,K-nearest neighbor,plain Bayes and adaptive enhancement,to construct the radiomics prediction models.Logistic regression analysis was used to screen the predictors of high HER 2 expression and to construct a comprehensive prediction model and a nomogram.Finally,decision curve analysis(DCA)was used to quantify the clinical benefits.Results Among the radiomics models based on the T2WI+DWI+DCE sequence,the AdaBoost model demonstrated the best predictive performance,with area under the ROC curve(AUC)being 0.863(95％CI:0.807-0.920)in the training set and 0.716(95％CI:0.601-0.830)in the validation set.Based on radiomics features and clinical imaging characteristics,logistic regression analysis identified tumor pedicle and risk group as the predictors of high HER2 expression.The comprehensive prediction model based on the two factors achieved the AUC of 0.869(95％CI:0.772-0.965)in the training set and 0.875(95％CI:0.712-0.986)in the validation set.Conclusion The radiomics model based on the T2WI+DWI+DCE sequence has high accuracy in predicting HER2 expression,outperforming single-sequence models.The nomogram based on the comprehensive prediction model has high clinical decision-making efficacy and is useful for non-invasive identification of HER2 expression.

The aim of this study is to establish a rapid,efficient,and sensitive method for detecting the infectious laryngotracheitis virus(ILTV).The DNA of ILTV was extracted and used as a tem-plate to develop a recombinant enzyme-mediated isothermal amplification(RAA)fluorescence de-tection method for ILTV through optimization of conditions,sensitivity analysis,and repeatability assessment.Additionally,the nucleic acids of avian influenza virus(AIV),IBV,and Newcastle dis-ease virus(NDV)were detected to verify the specificity of this method.Finally,this method was applied to analyze 59 clinical samples collected from multiple large-scale chicken farms in Hebei Province,and the results were compared with those obtained from real-time fluorescence quantifi-cation(qPCR)and PCR methods according to national standards.The results showed that the RAA detection method established in this study had a reaction system of 25.0 μL buffer,2.1 μL primer,0.6 μL probe,5.0 μL magnesium acetate,and 5.0 μL template.The reaction temperature was 39 ℃ and the amplification time was within 20 minutes.The sensitivity of this method was 101 copies/μL,and the specificity detection was 100％.Testing of 59 clinical samples showed that 17 were detected positive by both RAA fluorescence and qPCR,and 12 were detected by PCR,and the detection rate of RAA(fluorescence)was consistent with real-time fluorescence quantification and qPCR,which was higher than that of the PCR assay.The research results indicate that the RAA fluorescence method has a short detection time,good specificity and sensitivity,and can be used for rapid detection of ILTV.

Objective:To evaluate the effectiveness of health education and health promotion for coal-burning pollution-induced endemic fluorosis (coal-burning fluorosis) in Ankang City, Shaanxi Province, and provide reference for further developing health education and health promotion measures.Methods:From 2020 to 2023, one county (district) was selected as the project county in coal-burning fluorosis area of Ankang City each year, and 3 to 5 towns of each project county were selected as the project town. Health education and health promotion activities on coal-burning fluorosis were carried out for department heads, endemic disease propaganda workers of project county, and students in grades 4 to 6 from center primary schools, local residents and migrant workers of all affected villages of project county. Before and after the implementation of health education and health promotion projects, 30 to 45 primary school students and 30 local residents from each project town were selected to conduct a questionnaire survey on the prevention and control knowledge of coal-burning fluorosis every year, and a household survey was conducted to investigate the prevalence and changes of specific behaviors of local residents who open their stoves.Results:From 2020 to 2023, the coverage rate of intervention activities for department heads, endemic disease propaganda workers, and primary school students in the project county was 100%; the coverage rate of intervention activities for local residents in the project county was 94.44% (18 271/19 346), and for migrant workers was 97.86% (8 683/8 873). The awareness rate of prevention and control knowledge of coal-burning fluorosis among primary school students and local residents after health education and health promotion in each year was significantly higher than those before health education and health promotion ( P < 0.001), and showed an increasing trend year by year (χ 2trend = 36.73, 38.47, P < 0.001). From 2020 to 2023, a total of 420 local residents were surveyed, and 110 people used open stoves. The prevalence rate of specific behaviors was 26.19%, and it showed a decreasing trend year by year (χ 2trend = 0.29, P < 0.001). After health education and health promotion, the number of people who changed their behavior during a certain period was 106, and the specific behavior change rate was 96.36% (106/110). Conclusions:The health education and health promotion on coal-burning fluorosis in Ankang City has achieved significant results. In the future, we should continue to increase investment in health education and health promotion, continuously improve the long-term mechanism of endemic disease health education and health promotion, innovate health education models, further improve the effectiveness of health promotion, and consolidate the achievements of prevention and control.

In order to establish a serological method for the detection of bovine parainfluenza virus type 3(BPIV3),the prokaryotic expression and purification of BPIV3 HN,NP,F,and P proteins were carried out,and the optimal protein-coated antigen was screened,and an indirect ELISA de-tection method was established.The results showed that the four recombinant proteins of BPIV3,rHN,rNP,rF,and rP were expressed,and the checkerboard titration results showed that rHN pro-tein had the highest P/N value as the coating protein,so it was used for the subsequent method es-tablishment.The optimal reaction conditions for indirect ELISA were found to be:the mass con-centration of the antigen coating was 0.5 mg/L,37 ℃ 1.5 h,5％skim milk,overnight blocking at 4 ℃,serum dilution at 1∶50,incubation at 37 ℃ 1 h,secondary antibody dilution at 1∶10 000 and incubation at 37℃ 0.5 h,substrate reaction conditions were 37℃ for 12 min.The results of speci-ficity experiments showed that the established method could specifically identify BPIV3 antibody-positive serum with a sensitivity of 1∶800,and the coefficient of variation in the detection of intra-and inter-assay repeatability was less than 10％,and the overall coincidence rate of the same batch of samples detected with the SVANOVIR kit was 92.22％.This method was used to detect 192 se-rum samples in Hebei Province,and the positive rate of BPIV3 antibody in serum was 66.15％.The indirect ELISA detection method of BP1V3 antibody constructed in this study is suitable for large-scale clinical serological investigations,and provides valuable data support for the research and de-velopment of BPIV3 antigen and antibody detection kits in China.

Background::Computer-aided detection (CAD) software has been introduced to automatically interpret digital chest X-rays. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of CAD software (JF CXR-1 v3.0, which was developed by a domestic Hi-tech enterprise) in tuberculosis (TB) case finding in China.Methods::In 2019, we conducted an internal evaluation of the performance of JF CXR-1 v3.0 by reading standard images annotated by a panel of experts. In 2020, using the reading results of chest X-rays by a panel of experts as the reference standard, we conducted an on-site prospective study to evaluate the performance of JF CXR-1 v3.0 and local radiologists in TB case finding in 13 township health centers in Zhongmu County, Henan Province.Results::Internal assessment results based on 277 standard images showed that JF CXR-1 v3.0 had a sensitivity of 85.94% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 77.42%, 94.45%) and a specificity of 74.65% (95% CI: 68.81%, 80.49%) to distinguish active TB from other imaging conditions. In the on-site evaluation phase, images from 3705 outpatients who underwent chest X-ray detection were read by JF CXR-1 v3.0 and local radiologists in parallel. The imaging diagnosis of local radiologists for active TB had a sensitivity of 32.89% (95% CI: 22.33%, 43.46%) and a specificity of 99.28% (95% CI: 99.01%, 99.56%), while JF CXR-1 v3.0 showed a significantly higher sensitivity of 92.11% (95% CI: 86.04%, 98.17%) ( p < 0.05) and maintained high specificity at 94.54% (95% CI: 93.81%, 95.28%). Conclusions::CAD software could play a positive role in improving the TB case finding capability of township health centers.

Objective:To investigate the treatment and management of patients with endemic fluorosis (referred to as fluorosis) in Ankang City, Shaanxi Province, and to provide a scientific basis for adjusting and optimizing treatment and management strategies for fluorosis patients.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on patient information collected from county-level disease prevention and control centers in Ankang City from 2019 to 2023. Data included demographic information, clinical treatment, chronic disease management, treatment records, work reports, and summaries. The study aimed to learn about the treatment willingness, methods, and effects of patients with fluorosis, and to evaluate the disease management situation of patients with fluorosis.Results:From 2019 to 2023, the proportion of fluorosis patients who were willing to receive treatment in Ankang City had increased from 76.80% (1 089/1 418) in 2019 to 100% (1 408/1 408) in 2023, showing an upward trend year by year (χ 2trend = 971.15, P < 0.001). A total of 6 876 patients received treatment, with a treatment rate of 100%. The majority of patients received drug treatment (99.64%, 6 851/6 876), with an effective rate of 94.90% (6 525/6 876). The effective rate of treatment for patients with fluorosis had increased from 88.71% (966/1 418) in 2019 to 94.67% (1 333/1 408) in 2023, showing an upward trend (χ 2trend = 1 002.92, P < 0.001). The adverse reaction rate of drug treatment was 0.36% (25/6 876). The combination of oral medication and local treatment had the highest effective rate (97.62%, 3 566/3 653). The management rate and contracted service rate of fluorosis patients were 100% each year, and the standardized management rate was above 99%. Conclusions:Fluorosis patients in Ankang City have a high willingness to receive treatment, with good treatment outcomes. The contracted services and management of patients are well implemented. In the future, continuous efforts should be made to improve the prevention, management, and health education of fluorosis patients.

BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to investigate the potential link between myopia in adolescents and exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs). METHODS: This investigation included 1971 subjects with accessible PFAS level data, myopia status, and associated variables from four cycles of the National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (NHANES). The investigation focused on specific PFAS compounds found in the serum, including perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), chosen for their frequent detection. Owing to the skewed nature of the PFAS level data, the PFAS levels were log-transformed (Ln-PFAS) prior to analysis. Logistic regression, restricted cubic spline modeling, subgroup analysis, and sensitivity analysis were used to examine the associations between exposure to PFASs and the onset of myopia. RESULTS: PFOA levels were significantly associated with myopia risk (OR: 1.33; 95% CI: 1.05-1.69; P = 0.019). More specifically, with respect to the first quartile, the second quartile (OR_Q2: 1.69; 95% CI: 1.16-2.46; P = 0.007), third quartile (OR_Q3: 1.45; 95% CI: 1.03-2.03; P = 0.035), and highest quartile (OR_Q4: 1.58; 95% CI: 1.12-2.21; P = 0.010) of participants presented with increased myopia risk. Mediation analysis revealed that PFOA and myopia risk were partially mediated by serum albumin (ALB), with a mediation percentage of 22.48% (P = 0.008). A nonlinear inverted U-shaped relationship was identified between the level of PFOA and myopia risk (P for nonlinearity = 0.005). CONCLUSION Our findings suggest a potential link between exposure to PFOA and the likelihood of myopia development in young individuals and a mediating effect of serum ALB on this relationship. Notably, PFOA was identified as a key PFAS significantly contributing to the observed link between PFAS exposure and myopia risk. The potential threat of PFOA to myopia should be examined further.
Humans ; Fluorocarbons/adverse effects* ; Myopia/blood* ; Adolescent ; Male ; Female ; Prevalence ; Environmental Exposure/adverse effects* ; Nutrition Surveys ; Environmental Pollutants/adverse effects* ; United States/epidemiology* ; Alkanesulfonic Acids/blood* ; Caprylates/blood* ; Serum Albumin/metabolism* ; Child ; Sulfonic Acids

Objective:To evaluate the effectiveness of health education and health promotion for coal-burning pollution-induced endemic fluorosis (coal-burning fluorosis) in Ankang City, Shaanxi Province, and provide reference for further developing health education and health promotion measures.Methods:From 2020 to 2023, one county (district) was selected as the project county in coal-burning fluorosis area of Ankang City each year, and 3 to 5 towns of each project county were selected as the project town. Health education and health promotion activities on coal-burning fluorosis were carried out for department heads, endemic disease propaganda workers of project county, and students in grades 4 to 6 from center primary schools, local residents and migrant workers of all affected villages of project county. Before and after the implementation of health education and health promotion projects, 30 to 45 primary school students and 30 local residents from each project town were selected to conduct a questionnaire survey on the prevention and control knowledge of coal-burning fluorosis every year, and a household survey was conducted to investigate the prevalence and changes of specific behaviors of local residents who open their stoves.Results:From 2020 to 2023, the coverage rate of intervention activities for department heads, endemic disease propaganda workers, and primary school students in the project county was 100%; the coverage rate of intervention activities for local residents in the project county was 94.44% (18 271/19 346), and for migrant workers was 97.86% (8 683/8 873). The awareness rate of prevention and control knowledge of coal-burning fluorosis among primary school students and local residents after health education and health promotion in each year was significantly higher than those before health education and health promotion ( P < 0.001), and showed an increasing trend year by year (χ 2trend = 36.73, 38.47, P < 0.001). From 2020 to 2023, a total of 420 local residents were surveyed, and 110 people used open stoves. The prevalence rate of specific behaviors was 26.19%, and it showed a decreasing trend year by year (χ 2trend = 0.29, P < 0.001). After health education and health promotion, the number of people who changed their behavior during a certain period was 106, and the specific behavior change rate was 96.36% (106/110). Conclusions:The health education and health promotion on coal-burning fluorosis in Ankang City has achieved significant results. In the future, we should continue to increase investment in health education and health promotion, continuously improve the long-term mechanism of endemic disease health education and health promotion, innovate health education models, further improve the effectiveness of health promotion, and consolidate the achievements of prevention and control.

Objective:To investigate the treatment and management of patients with endemic fluorosis (referred to as fluorosis) in Ankang City, Shaanxi Province, and to provide a scientific basis for adjusting and optimizing treatment and management strategies for fluorosis patients.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on patient information collected from county-level disease prevention and control centers in Ankang City from 2019 to 2023. Data included demographic information, clinical treatment, chronic disease management, treatment records, work reports, and summaries. The study aimed to learn about the treatment willingness, methods, and effects of patients with fluorosis, and to evaluate the disease management situation of patients with fluorosis.Results:From 2019 to 2023, the proportion of fluorosis patients who were willing to receive treatment in Ankang City had increased from 76.80% (1 089/1 418) in 2019 to 100% (1 408/1 408) in 2023, showing an upward trend year by year (χ 2trend = 971.15, P < 0.001). A total of 6 876 patients received treatment, with a treatment rate of 100%. The majority of patients received drug treatment (99.64%, 6 851/6 876), with an effective rate of 94.90% (6 525/6 876). The effective rate of treatment for patients with fluorosis had increased from 88.71% (966/1 418) in 2019 to 94.67% (1 333/1 408) in 2023, showing an upward trend (χ 2trend = 1 002.92, P < 0.001). The adverse reaction rate of drug treatment was 0.36% (25/6 876). The combination of oral medication and local treatment had the highest effective rate (97.62%, 3 566/3 653). The management rate and contracted service rate of fluorosis patients were 100% each year, and the standardized management rate was above 99%. Conclusions:Fluorosis patients in Ankang City have a high willingness to receive treatment, with good treatment outcomes. The contracted services and management of patients are well implemented. In the future, continuous efforts should be made to improve the prevention, management, and health education of fluorosis patients.

Background::Computer-aided detection (CAD) software has been introduced to automatically interpret digital chest X-rays. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of CAD software (JF CXR-1 v3.0, which was developed by a domestic Hi-tech enterprise) in tuberculosis (TB) case finding in China.Methods::In 2019, we conducted an internal evaluation of the performance of JF CXR-1 v3.0 by reading standard images annotated by a panel of experts. In 2020, using the reading results of chest X-rays by a panel of experts as the reference standard, we conducted an on-site prospective study to evaluate the performance of JF CXR-1 v3.0 and local radiologists in TB case finding in 13 township health centers in Zhongmu County, Henan Province.Results::Internal assessment results based on 277 standard images showed that JF CXR-1 v3.0 had a sensitivity of 85.94% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 77.42%, 94.45%) and a specificity of 74.65% (95% CI: 68.81%, 80.49%) to distinguish active TB from other imaging conditions. In the on-site evaluation phase, images from 3705 outpatients who underwent chest X-ray detection were read by JF CXR-1 v3.0 and local radiologists in parallel. The imaging diagnosis of local radiologists for active TB had a sensitivity of 32.89% (95% CI: 22.33%, 43.46%) and a specificity of 99.28% (95% CI: 99.01%, 99.56%), while JF CXR-1 v3.0 showed a significantly higher sensitivity of 92.11% (95% CI: 86.04%, 98.17%) ( p < 0.05) and maintained high specificity at 94.54% (95% CI: 93.81%, 95.28%). Conclusions::CAD software could play a positive role in improving the TB case finding capability of township health centers.